PROKARYOTIC CELLS WORK

1. PROKARYOTICCELLS
BY PAULA HERNANDEZ, SARA NAVARRO AND LUISA LAFUENTE

2. KINGDOMMONERA
"pro-karyotic" is Greek for "before nucleus"
Monera is derived from the Greek word moneres, meaning ´single´, in reference to the single-
celled nature of most prokaryotes

3. KINGDOMMONERA
Cyanobacteria are considered to be the oldest living organisms
on the Earth and are the most abundant of the prokaryotes.They
are often used in fertilizer to help with the growth of different
crops.

4. KINGDOMMONERA
Key Difference: Archaea are single-celled organisms that lack a nuclei and release
methane as a product of metabolism. Bacteria are single-celled organisms that lack a
nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, golgibodies and ER.
They can inhabit a wide range of environments, are particularly abundant in the oceans
and can have unusual shapes.

6. KINGDOMMONERA
-Monera are usually unicellular and are more commonly known as
bacteria.
-It is estimated that there are approximately five nonillion
(5×10^30) bacteria on Earth.
-On average, bacteria are 1 micrometre long and 0.5 micrometres
wide.
- Bacteria are surrounded by a lipid membrane.
-This regulates the flow of materials in and out of the cell.
- A cell wall lies outside the cell membrane.
- Bacteria move by flagella, secreting slime or by axial filiments.

7. KINGDOMMONERA
Bacteria reproduce through binary fission, which is asexual.

9. IFYOUWEREABACTERIA
You have 0.001 times as much DNA as a eukaryotic cell.
You live in a medium which has a viscosity about equal to asphalt.

10. IFYOUWEREABACTERIA
While you can "learn", you divide every twenty minutes and have to restart your
education.

11. IFYOUWEREABACTERIA
You can have sex, with males possessing a sexual apparatus for transferring genetic
information to receptive females. Furthermore, if you are male, nature gave you a severe
problem. Every time you mate with a female, she turns into a male. In bacteria,
"maleness" is an infective venereal disease.

12. IFYOUWEREABACTERIA
You have spent three and a half billion years practicing chemical warfare. Humans
thought that antibiotics would end infectious diseases, but the overuse of drugs has
resulted in the selection of drug resistant bacteria.

13. Bacteria:
Bacteria constitute a large
domain of prokaryotic
microorganisms.
Bacteria are a few
micrometres in length and
have a number of shapes
(ranging from spheres to
spirals).
Bacteria were among the
first life forms to appear
on Earth and are present
in most of its habits.

14. Bacteria:
Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acids hot springs,
radioactive waste and the deep portions of the
Earth´s crust.
They live in symbiotic (two dissimilar organisms
living together) and parasitic (non-mutual symbiotic
relationships) with plants and animals.
There are millions of bacteria on Earth, forming a
biomass which exceeds that of all plants and
animals.

15. Bacteria:
Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many nutrient cycle dependent on these
organisms, such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere and the putrefaction.
Bacteria can provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved
compounds, such as sulfide and methane, to energy.
You can find microbes everywhere (they’re extremely adaptable to conditions, and
survive wherever they are).
The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology, a branch of microbiology.

16. Bacteria
The majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered harmless by the protective effects of the immune
system, and some are beneficial. However, several species of bacteria are pathogenic and cause infectious
diseases, including cholera, syphilis, leprosy, bubonic plague… The most common fatal bacterial diseases
are respiratory infections (such as tuberculosis).
In developed countries, antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections and also in farming, making
antibiotic resistance a growing problem.
Bacteria are also used in the production of cheese and yogurt.

17. ALEXANDERFLAMING
Alexander Flaming was a Scottish biologist, pharmacologist and botanist. His best-known
discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance Penicillin G in
1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard
Florey and Ernst Boris Chain. He wrote many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and
chemotherapy.

18. Differences between prokaryotic and
eukarytic cells
•The distinction between prokaryotes and
eukaryotes is considered to be the most
important distinction among groups of
organisms

19. •The most fundamental
difference is that eukaryotes
do have "true" nucleus
containing their DNA, whereas
the genetic material in
prokaryotes is not membrane-
bound.

20. In eukaryotes, the mitochondria
and chloroplasts perform
various metabolic processes and
are believed to have been
derived from endosymbiotic
bacteria. In prokaryotes similar
processes occur across the cell
membrane

21. •The cell walls of prokaryotes are generally
formed of a different molecule
•Prokaryotes are usually much smaller than
eukaryotic cells.

22. •Prokaryotes also differ from
eukaryotes in that they contain only
a single loop of stable chromosomal
DNA stored in an area named the
nucleoid, while eukaryote DNA is
found on tightly bound and
organised chromosomes.

23. •Prokaryotes have a larger surface area giving
them a higher metabolic rate, a higher growth
rate and consequently a shorter generation time
compared to Eukaryotes.