1. Water in India 2030
Issues, Challenges, Management
A RESPONSIBLE USE FRAMEWORK
Shubha Ramachandran - S.Vishwanath

2. Dry Cauvery cuts TNPL Production
- The Hindu, June 2 , 2013
• With the Cauvery going dry , the TNPL on
Saturday suspended operation of two of the
three huge paper-making machines at its
Kagithapuram facility in Karur.

3. The talk
1. Who we are and a Broad over-view
2. National Water Policy
3. Groundwater and its importance
4. Water and Industries
5. Responsible water use framework

4. Reference
• National Water Policy
• Karnataka State Water Policy
• John Briscoe – India’s turbulent water future
• Ramaseshan – Ground Water
• ‘From Hariyali to Neeranchal’ –Report of the
Tech. Cmt. On Watershed Prog. In India

5. HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

7. Total Water
• Endowment : 4000 billion cu. mt.
• Availability : 1953 b.c.m
• Utilizable : 1086 b.c.m
• Surface : 690 b.c.m
• Ground : 396 b.c.m

8. Water a state subject
• In India Water is a state subject under Entry
56 of List 1 of the constitution with legislation
and administration substantially framed
within state boundaries

10. The Dublin Principles
• Principle No. 1 - Fresh water is a finite and
vulnerable resource, essential to sustain
life, development and the environment
Since water sustains life, effective management of
water resources demands a holistic approach, linking
social and economic development with protection of
natural ecosystems. Effective management links land
and water uses across the whole of a catchment area
or groundwater aquifer.

11. • Principle No. 2 - Water development and
management should be based on a participatory
approach, involving users, planners and policy-
makers at all levels
The participatory approach involves raising
awareness of the importance of water among policy-
makers and the general public. It means that
decisions are taken at the lowest appropriate
level, with full public consultation and involvement
of users in the planning and implementation of water
projects.

12. • Principle No. 3 - Women play a central part in the
provision, management and safeguarding of water
This pivotal role of women as providers and users of water
and guardians of the living environment has seldom been
reflected in institutional arrangements for the development
and management of water resources. Acceptance and
implementation of this principle requires positive policies to
address women?s specific needs and to equip and empower
women to participate at all levels in water resources
programmes, including decision-making and
implementation, in ways defined by them.

13. • Principle No. 4 - Water has an economic value in all its
competing uses and should be recognized as an economic
good
Within this principle, it is vital to recognize first the basic right
of all human beings to have access to clean water and
sanitation at an affordable price. Past failure to recognize the
economic value of water has led to wasteful and
environmentally damaging uses of the resource. Managing
water as an economic good is an important way of achieving
efficient and equitable use, and of encouraging conservation
and protection of water resources.

14. Photo courtesy: Shree Padre

16. Rainfall Temporal Variation
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Winter (Jan-Feb) Pre Monsoon
(Mar-May)
Monsoon (Jun-
Sept)
Post monsoon
(Oct-Dec)
Rainfall Season
Rainfallinmm
Rainfall in mm

17. Water Availability
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
Total Precipitation Total Water
Availability
Total Utilisable
Water
QuantityinBillionCubicMeter
Quantity in Billion Cubic
Meter

18. Per Capita Availability
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
1951 1991 2001 2025 2050
WaterAvailability(CubicMeterPer
Capitaperyear)
Water Availability (Cubic Meter Per Capita per year)
Water Stress Line (1800 m3
)
Water Scarcity Line (1000 m3
)

19. Storage Created
0
50
100
150
200
250
PrePlan
Uptotheend
ofVIIIPlan
Uptotheend
ofIXPlan
Under
Construction
Under
Consideration
StorageCreated(Inbillion
cubicmetre)
Storage Created (In
billion cubic metre)

20. Per Capita Storage
6103
3145
1964
1111
753
262
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Russia Brazil USA China South
Africa
India
PerCapitaStorage(cubic
metre)
Per Capita Storage( cubic
metre )

21. Water Demand
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
2010 2025 2050
TotalAnticipatedDemand(In
billioncubicmetre) Total Anticipated
Demand(In billion cubic
metre)

22. Water Demand
(with improved management practices)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
2010 2025 2050
TotalAnticipatedDemand(In
billioncubicmetre)
Total Anticipated
Demand (In billion cubic
metre)

23. Demands of Various Sectors (in %)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1997 2010 2025 2050
Evaporation Losses
Environment (Ecology)
Inland Navigation
Power
Industries
Domestic
Irrigation

24. Groundwater

25. According to John Briscoe
• 1. The era of large investment in water
infrastructure for storage is over
• 2. The era of groundwater exploitation

26. Groundwater
• India has the single largest exploitation of
groundwater in the world with over 30 million
wells and bore-wells
• 65 % of the net irrigated land gets water from
bore-wells
• 85 % of rural habitations depend on
groundwater

27. The well has been the lifeline of water in India for
centuries

28. A good water harvesting system will revive the dynamic water
table and keep the wells full

29. Traditional water withdrawal systems like the Sakia can be
revived

34. Indian Context: The “looming” crisis is here
Nation-wide 29% of the blocks are critical, semi-critical or
over-exploited
In some states as high as 75%

35. Emerging Findings: from a world bank study
Developing a Responsive Physical
Framework:
• Local physical and resource use
realities have tremendous variation
across the country
• Hard-Rock aquifers
low storage, low yields, fast
recharge
In Maharashtra, storage 1-5X
annual recharge
• Alluvial aquifers
high storage, high yields, slow
recharge
In eastern UP storage 200-500X
annual recharge

37. Watergy

38. Sustainability Lens
• S ocial
• T echnical
• I nstitutional
• F inancial
• L egal
• E cological

39. Irrigation
• Agriculture continues to be the largest
‘consumer’ of water

40. Water and Industries

41. Some key issues
• Closed basins , competition between
agriculture and industry.
• Lowest priority in use domestic, agriculture
and then industry.
• Royalty for water tends to be low hence low
payback for water conservation or reuse
• Zero discharge of waste-water in place

42. More key issues
• Groundwater / surface water interface less
understood. Mapping aquifers and managing
aquifers important.
• Many solutions are optimal at a sub-basin
level , the challenge is to build partnerships.
• Rainfall variability will impact both surface and
groundwater availability.
• Limits to growth ? How far can technology find
solutions ?

43. Response
• Water use efficiency
• Rainwater harvesting – storage /recharge
• Wastewater recycling
• Water conservation
• Demand management
• Is this enough ?

44. WATER CONSCIENCE
WATER RESPONSIBILITY

45. Vision for a Corporate
ECOSYSTEM
Natural (Surface, ground water resources, rain)
Administrative (Govt agencies, piped water)
Market (Water and Sanitation markets)

46. Vision
ECOSYSTEM
Natural (Surface, ground water resources)
Administrative (Govt agencies, piped water)
Market (Water and Sanitation markets)
BOSCH

47. Vision
ECOSYSTEM
Natural (Surface, ground water resources)
Administrative (Govt agencies, piped water)
Market (Water and Sanitation markets)
BOSCH
In the Fence : Sustainable Water Mgmt
Responsibility of resource use
Leadership by example
Culture of water literacy
Transparency
Business Risk and continuity

48. Vision
ECOSYSTEM
Natural (Surface, ground water resources)
Administrative (Govt agencies, piped water)
Market (Water and Sanitation markets)
BOSCH
In the Fence : Sustainable Water Mgmt
Responsibility of resource use
Leadership by example
Culture of water literacy
Transparency
Business Risk and continuity
Outside the Fence : Equity, Economy, Environment
“Model Behaviour”, leader to emulate
Contribution to knowledge in public sphere
Respect for Private & public roles
Engagement with public policy

49. Vision
ECOSYSTEM
Natural (Surface, ground water resources)
Administrative (Govt agencies, piped water)
Market (Water and Sanitation markets)
BOSCH
In the Fence : Sustainable Water Mgmt
Responsibility of resource use
Leadership by example
Culture of water literacy
Transparency
Business Risk and continuity
Outside the Fence : Equity, Economy, Environment
“Model Behaviour”, leader to emulate
Contribution to knowledge in public sphere
Respect for Private & public roles
Engagement with public policy

50. What makes this program Unique ?
● Works with an understanding of “ecological endowment”
●Pays adequate attention to “groundwater sheds” & knowledge
●Attempts to engage with Public Policy not through
“Lobbying” but “Participation”
● Not solely driven by concerns of business continuity and risks
and not 'project' focussed

51. BOSCH – In Campus
WIPRO

52. External Water Sources – Off Campus
WIPRO
Water Sources

53. Immediate Neighbourhood
WIPRO
Water Sources
Immediate Neighbourhood

54. City - Context
City – BangaloreWIPRO
Water Sources
Immediate Neighbourhood

56. Biome Environmental Trust
(Rainwater Club)
rainwaterclub@gmail.com
www.rainwaterclub.org
1022, 1st floor, 6th Block,
HMT Layout, Vidyaranyapura,
Bangalore – 560 097,
Phone : 080 41672790
THANK YOU