CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
Unit 9, ENGLISH IV CODE NO 6471
2. UNIT 09
MODERN TRENDS IN LITERATURE
PRESENTED BY
GHAZANFAR ALI
SUBJECT SPECIALIST (ENGLISH)
QAED ( FORMER GOVT.COLLEGE FOR ELEMENTARY TEACHERS) NAROWAL
3. The objectives of this chapter are to enable you to:
understand the features ofTraditional LiteraryTheory
develop the understanding about meaning in
Structuralism and Post Structuralism
develop comprehension about the salient features of
various contemporary trends in literature
acquire information about role of reader in
understanding of literature
Enable students to improve language skills especially
reading and writing.
4. Traditional LiteraryTheory
New Criticism
Feminism and its kinds
Marxism
Stylistics
Discourse Analysis
Critical Discourse Analysis
Racism
Post Colonialism
5. TRADITIONAL LITERARY THEORY
Students were usually asked following
questions:
the biographical elements in the poems
of William Wordsworth
Moral appeal in the King Lear by William
Shakespeare
Prove Dr. Faustus as a Renaissance
play
Prove Stephen Daedalus by James
Joyce an aesthetically appealing novel
Find out the autobiographical elements
in the novel Mill on The Floss by George
Eliot
6. CRITICS VERSUS READERS
In the analysis of a literary text the role of a
reader is of greater significance. Reader
attains central importance in analysis of
text because reader is final destination of
text in this regard
READER V/S AUTHOR IN A LITERARY TEXT
AND INTERTEXT
Texts besides having dialogues among
various characters present within it, also
assumes shape of a dialogue between it
and its readers. Text can be comprehended
by exploring relationship between a text
and a reader.
7. FORMALISM AND NEW CRITICISM
‘Traditional Literary Criticism’ was first
challenged and replaced by
‘Formalism’ which is an analytical
approach that focuses on literary form
and the study of literary devices within
the text
The “New Criticism,” in America
made formalist literary criticism more
systematic and planned. The New
Critics wanted accuracy in the work of
literature. In addition they focused
8. STRUCTURALISM
Structuralism is an approach in
academia which examines kinship
between basic principal elements in
fields of language and literature, and
disciplines where structures related to
linguistic, social and cultural are
molded. These structures create
meaning related to an individual,
societal and cultural setup eventually
inspires people to take part in
activities of daily life
9. POST STRUCTURALISM
The issues related to meaning in
Structuralism are solved with emergence
of Post Structuralism mainly by giving
worth to differences whereas
Structuralism focused on unified
meaning given to signifiers. Resultantly
there appeared differences of
interpretation of the same text with
different readings by the same or
different readers. The difference in
meanings occurs due to various factors
like new location, context and
surroundings.
10. DECONSTRUCTIONISM
Post Structuralism is often synonymous for
Deconstruction. The term deconstruction is united
strongly to Postmodernism because it is a
confrontation to attempts to establish any ultimate
and sheltered interpretation in a text. it seeks to
de-construct the philosophical foundations of
issues of racial, gender, cultural, political,
economic, and conventional postulations that has
contaminated not only all histories but also
religious and philosophical truths when basing
itself in language examination, Deconstructionism
is founded on the principle that during evolution
of human history reality has been shaded in a
variety of kinds of supremacy related nature,
poverty, color, people, homosexuals, etc
11. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STRUCTURALISM
AND POST STRUCTURALISM
Structuralism considers arbitrariness
which a connection between language
and reality, as a natural system. The
entire language signification seems to be
culturally combined to convey meaning.
The long convention of language
removes the distance between signifier
and signified whereas Post Structuralism
strongly challenges the long standing
tradition of arbitrariness and shows the
weakness between signifier and
signified. Post Structuralism makes
relationship of signs and symbols more
contextual.
12. MARXISM AND CRITICAL THEORY
The English literary critic and cultural theorist
Terry Eagleton defines Marxist criticism this
way:
"Marxist criticism is not merely’sociology of
literature', they mention the working class. Its
aim is to explain the literary work more fully; and
this means a sensitive attention to its forms,
styles and meanings. But it also means
grasping those forms, styles and meanings as
the product of a particular history.
Marxist literary theories highlight the
representation of class conflict as well as the
reinforcement of class distinctions through the
medium of literature.
13. PSYCHO ANALYSIS
Lacanian psychoanalysis is an updating of the
work of Sigmund Freud, extends “Post
structuralism” to the human subject with further
consequences for literary theory. According to
Lacan, the fixed, stable self is a Romantic
fiction; like the text in “Deconstruction,” the self
is a de-centered mass of traces left by our
encounter with signs, visual symbols, language,
etc.
Psychoanalytic theory helps the readers to
understand the motives of the literary artists
behind the creation of the characters and the
text.
14. FEMINISM
Feminist gender theory emerged after the
reemergence of political feminism in the United
States and Western Europe during the 1960s.
Political feminism had as its practical
interests with the rights of women in
contemporary societies, women’s identity, and
the representation of women in media and
culture.
Besides the above mentioned literary
approaches other new approaches include
Structuralism, Post Structuralism, Post
Colonialism, New Historicism Critical Discourse
Analysis and many others. These theories
provide principles to the readers to attain new
dimensions and insights in a work of art.