1.
Changing population…

2.
Introduction… <ul><li>The UK of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a medium sized island country. </li></ul><ul><li>*Located in Western Europe, bordering on the North Atlantic Ocean and North Sea. </li></ul><ul><li>*Features mostly rugged hills and low mountains in the North and West. </li></ul><ul><li>*With level plains in the South and East. </li></ul><ul><li>*It’s one of the world’s greatest trading powers and it’s economy ranks among the 4 largest in Western Europe. </li></ul><ul><li>*Financial services, tourism and arms manufacture are its Economic strengths, though manufacturing is declining. </li></ul><ul><li>*BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) is its international news source. </li></ul><ul><li>*Conflict in Northern Ireland has been a major problem! </li></ul>

3.
Numbers of the UK! <ul><li>The UK has a growing population . In mid-2005 it grew by 375,100 (0.6%). </li></ul><ul><li>*The population increased 7.7% since 1971, from 55.9 million. </li></ul><ul><li>*Growths become faster in more recent years, as between mid-1991 and mid-2004, the population grew by 0.3%. </li></ul><ul><li>*The UK’s also an ageing population , resulting the declines in birth and mortality rates. </li></ul><ul><li>*This has led to a decline of the population aged under 16, and increase of ages 65+. </li></ul><ul><li>*Until the mid-1900’s Natural increase was the main source of population growth. </li></ul><ul><li>*Every year since 1901, there’s been more births exceeding deaths (by 127,00), and population has grew to Natural change. </li></ul><ul><li>*Since late 1900’s, although there has still been Natural increase, Net International Migration into the UK from abroad has been an increasingly important factor in population change too. </li></ul><ul><li>* Mid-2005, natural change (births and deaths) contributed to 1/3 of the UK’s annual population increase. </li></ul><ul><li>*Net migration and other changes filled up the other 2/3, with Net International Migration into the UK from abroad becoming the main factor in population growth. </li></ul>

4.
Facts! <ul><li>*Mid-2005 estimated 588,000 people migrating to the UK for a year or more (higher than the previous year). </li></ul><ul><li>*However, migration from the UK declined by 8,000 to 353,000. </li></ul><ul><li>*As a result, Net International Migration increased to 253,000, which is the highest estimate of net in-migration since the present method of estimating Total International Migration (TIM) was introduced in 1991. </li></ul><ul><li>*Increase in migration was due to a rise in number of citizens coming from 10 accession countries (A10), joining the European Union (EU) in May 2004. </li></ul>

5.
<ul><li>*Every 50 years the 65+ increases more </li></ul><ul><li>*Every 50 years the under 20’s decrease more </li></ul><ul><li>*Every 50 years the 20-64’s increase more </li></ul><ul><li>*The populations always increasing, with more females than males. </li></ul><ul><li>NHS </li></ul><ul><li>*The UK has a health system, which is open to all. They provide medical services for all ages, which are also free, and have hospitals all over the country. </li></ul><ul><li>*This has an effect on the UK’ population, as it enables people to recover from health problems (mostly), and continue to lead a healthy life. </li></ul>

6.
Population distribution over the UK! <ul><li>Populations unequally distributed over the four parts of the UK: England makes up 84% of the total population, Wales around 5%, Scotland roughly 8.5 %, and Northern Ireland (since 1921) less than 3%. </li></ul><ul><li>*Nearly 84 per cent of the total population of the United Kingdom lives in England . </li></ul><ul><li>*The most densely populated areas of England are the major cities and metropolitan areas of London and the South East, South and West Yorkshire, Greater Manchester and Merseyside, the West Midlands, and the conurbations on the rivers Tyne,Wear and Tees. </li></ul><ul><li>*London has the highest population density with 4,700 people per square kilometre, and the South West the lowest (210 people per square kilometre). </li></ul><ul><li>*England is the most densely populated part of the UK . In 2003 it had a population density of 383 people per sq km compared with Wales (142), Northern Ireland (125) and Scotland (65). London had a far higher population density than any of the English regions, with 4,700 people living in each square kilometre on average </li></ul><ul><li>*England's population density is more than the European average of 117 people per sq km. </li></ul>Administrative Division Population (mid 2004) Area Size (sq km) Population density (people per sq km) England 50,093,800 130,281 383 Northern Ireland 1,710,300 13,576 125 Scotland 5,078,400 77,925 65 Wales 2,952,500 20,732 142 United Kingdom 59,834.900 242,514 246

7.
<ul><li>For the first time, the UK has more people aged over 60 than under 16. </li></ul><ul><li>Today there are five times more people aged over 85 than there were in 1951. </li></ul>In mid-2004 the UK was home to 59.8 million people, of which 50.1 million lived in England. Projections based on the 2002 mid-year estimates suggest that the population will continue to increase and peak at around 65 million in 2050 before beginning a gradual decline. United Kingdom All ages 58.8 million Under 16 11.9 million Men 16 - 64, Women 16 - 59 36.1 million Men 65+, Women 60+ 10.8 million Males < 28.6 million Females 30.2 million Population Timeline Population of Britain just over 4 million Population of Britain 5 million Population of Britain 8 million Population of Britain 20 million Population of Britain 40 million Population of Britain 50 million Population of Britain just over 57 million

8.
Population effected by retirements! <ul><li>By 2050 one person in five in Britain will be over 70, a regiment of 12 million old people - double the current population of London - filling residential homes and sheltered housing across the land. In addition, there will be a further eight million aged between 60 and 70. For the first time, there are now more over-60-year-olds than under-16s in this country. </li></ul><ul><li>*A hundred years ago, for every pensioner there were five people in employment. Today the figure is 2.5. In a few decades it will approach one. Each worker will have to support themselves and another - old - person. Instead of having a pyramid of support with a myriad workers at its base, each pensioner will rest upon one straining individual. Already problems are materialising. Middle-aged couples with children - are having to pay more for their parents' care as they live longer and their pensions and savings fall short. </li></ul>

9.
<ul><li>In 1975 A total of 28% of the workforce was over 50 and 35 % was under 30. </li></ul><ul><li>In 2025 33% of workers will be over 50 and only 28% will be under 30. </li></ul><ul><li>Leisure and sport The current generation of over-60s is the healthiest and most active on record. They already provide gyms and health clubs with substantial business and use facilities and equipment for far longer than younger fitness fanatics. Many clubs are now running special, relatively gentle classes in aerobics and activities to meet the needs of their elderly members, and some - such as LA Fitness - have even begun running OAP singles nights. </li></ul><ul><li>Culture With considerable financial power and the prospect of decades of healthy life ahead, those in their sixties and seventies have already begun to make an impact on our culture. Archaeology, studies of family trees, amateur astronomy, history and many other reflective activities have all received major boosts as more and more older people seek stimulation in retirement. </li></ul><ul><li>Medicine In future, each of us can expect to live longer and experience health that is more or less free of chronic illness. More medicine and treatment will be delivered at home as the health service attempts to cut costs. Reduction in smoking levels will enhance life expectancy, a trend that will be offset by increases in obesity. </li></ul><ul><li>Pensions </li></ul><ul><li>By 2050, there will be far fewer young people around to provide the nation with its wealth. Those over 65 will either have to play an increased role in making goods and running services compared with today or individual productivity will have to rise among younger workers to maintain the nation's elderly. Until now, this latter process - improved productivity - has compensated the country for the fact that the average Briton is getting older and older. Whether this continues is a different matter. </li></ul><ul><li>*In the first half of the twentieth century, improvements in public health like fresh water and better diets had a great impact on longevity. </li></ul><ul><li>*But later that century, better medicine took over, </li></ul><ul><li>*The Government has made it clear it wants to fix state pension spending at current levels, while occupational pensions - from employers - will continue to decrease. </li></ul><ul><li>*Cash for swelling ranks of pensioners is going to become very scarce, although the bills will rise inexorably. </li></ul><ul><li>*The Royal Commission on Long Term Care estimates that the costs of caring for old people will increase from its 1995 level of £11 billion to more than £45 billion in 2051. </li></ul>