19. The Organization Impact of Technological Change in United States and Japan
United States
strategies ; "first-mover advantage"
Technical Labor Market;
high turnover rate, mobility within the
cluster, stock option plan, lack of retirement
plans, focusing on same technologies.
VC Market formulations;
stock market is open for young
companies, funded by pension, university and
foundation endowments, have "exit" options.
Buyer-Supplier Relations;
independent relations with no loyalty, licensing
system, not lock-in to typical supplier, incentives
to take risks to advance technology.
Japan
strategies ; "follower, catch up and
overtake"
Technical Labor Market;
life time employment, S-curve wage (年
功), immobility of
workforces, shuko, tenseki, job turning among
the "keiretsu" firms.
VC Market formulations;
the scale of VC is immediaty small, funded by
the debt, the backupground of investor in
accounting or taxation., no "exit" options.
Buyer-Supplier Relations;
cross shareholdings, reduce the customer's
engineering investment, affliate with rival
companies, disinsentives to take new technology.
Offshore
Production
Pacific Rim Countries;
Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and Philipines.