1. Research: Using medical research on human beings
Research: Using medical research on human beingsResearch: Using medical research on
human beingsI believe that clinical trial should not be used on human because human life
has a value, it is not easy to take or destroy someone lifeby clinical trials examination.
Clinical trials can be used for animals to make sure that there is no risk at
all.Introduction:Type of Hook:Do know that clinical trials could cause serious diseases that
need continuation of treatmentThesis:Some people argue that should human beings or
parts of their bodies should be used for medical research but I disagree with them for
several reasonsBackground Information:“The earliest recorded clinical trial is documented
in the Old Testament, and describes how Daniel followed a diet of pulses and water instead
of the meat and wine recommended by King Nebuchadnezzar II. Daniel remained healthy
while his companions became ill, convincing Nebuchadnezzar to change his mind.The
Renaissance surgeon AmbroiseParè conducted the first clinical trial of a novel therapy
unintentionally in 1537. He used a concoction of turpentine, rose oil and egg yolk to prevent
the infection of battlefield wounds, noting that the new treatment was much more effective
that the traditional formula.” Twyman
22/9/04(http://genome.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTD020948.html)Body Paragraphs:Reason
one: side effect of clinical trialsWhy important: clinical trials have not a clear result.
Therefore, clinical trails are still in process. Therefore, people usually don’t want to be in
risk situation.Supporting 1Supporting 2Reason two: exploitation poor people for
examinationWhy important? Utilization poor people for new drugs means if poor people
want to get treatment there is only one way for free treatment in clinical trials this is only
one way for getting money or treatmentSupporting1Suooprying2Reason three: cause new
diseaseWhy important: exam new drugs maybe cause a new disease, which can effect
negatively on volunteersSupporting1Supporting2Refutation of opponent’s argument:
Research: Using medical research on human beingsReason four: medical research
companies can take advantage to exploit poorpeople to get them involved in
research.Conclusion:Using medical research on human beingsUsing human beings in
medical research has a long history. In the past, researchers used to test a new drugs on
animals to see how the affection of these drugs and side effect.Using animals instead of
human beings because human beings lives have a value and they have their rights to use
their body for medical research or not. According to skloot “every human being has an
inalienable right to determine what shall be done with his own body. These patients then
had a right to know … the content of syringe : and if this knowledge was to cause fear and
2. anxiety or make them frightened, they had a right to be fearful and frightened and thus say
no to the experiment”. However, after revolution of knowledge and technology has become
high demand to do research on human beings directly instead of animals. Therefore,
medical companies and medical research centers have changed their old way, which were
used animals for medical research. This subject has made a quantum leap in medical
research, but at same time has made a big controversial in medicalmilieus. Some people
argue that human beings should be used for medical research, but I disagree with them for
several reasons.The first argument against the idea that human beings should be used for
medical research is Uncertainty in the outcome. Particularly, the medical research will test
new drugs, which is not sure about the result that will receive after examination. Therefore,
the possibility of getting problem in outcome is very high. According toTorrey, T. the risk
and benefits of clinical trials (2008)“There may be side effects or outcomes that are
unpleasant. They may last only a short time, or they may affect you for the rest of your life”.
Wherefore, using animals first in medical research to make sure there is no risk that can
cause death or serious injured. So using human beings for medical research is not
appropriate idea because it could cause problem that need continuation of
treatment.ORDER NOW FOR CUSTOMIZED, PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPERSThe second
argument which supports should not use human beings for medical research is medical
research companies can take advantage to exploit poor people to get them involved in
research. According to Susan Perry who made interview with University of Minnesota
bioethics professor Dr. Carl Elliott “In a lot of ways, what’s going on now is even worse,”
said Elliott. No one apparently died in the Guatemalan trial, he noted, but that wasn’t the
case in a clinical trial conducted by the pharmaceutical giant Pfizer during a meningitis
outbreak in Nigeria in 1996. Pfizertested an experimental antibiotic, Trovan, on 200
children during that epidemic without, according to the children’s families, proper consent.
(The families say they didn’t realize their children were receiving an experimental
treatment.) Eleven children died and many more were permanently disabled. (Trovan has
been banned in Europe and can be prescribed in the United States only to adults and in
limited medical situations.)”Susan Perry 10/14/10 (http://www.minnpost.com/second-
opinion/2010/10/too-many-clinical-trials-still-exploit-poor-and-other-vulnerable-people-
says-). Therefore, companies, which are looking for improving their business, they will use
this way to promote to their business. They will use poor people to do research on them and
get advantage of them. The result of this, poor people will lose their right because
companies will give them for a free treatment or money. So, using human beings for medical
research can open new doors for business to destroy poor people lives and take advantage
of them.Furthermore, business canThe third argument that supports idea that should not
using human beings for medical research is testing new drugs can cause a new disease. As
you know all medicines that people use is containing chemical. Therefore, using these
chemical drugs for human bodies can cause harmful to their bodies. Also, human bodies
sometime can accept a certain chemical drugs and sometime not. For example, if there is a
company wants to experiment for a new drug and the drug is containing a chemical which is
not appropriate for human bodies so the result will be death or sickness to the people who
are doing this experiment or health problem for entire their lives. The point here is who he
3. going to be responsible of this result.So human beings bodies have not been created for
medical research.All in all human beings lives are very impotent. Medical research has many
options to develop their drugs. Today, medical research has a high technology that can use
it for their researches. The volunteers who are going to be in experiment, they may have
abilities, which they can use to improve their lives. Medical research is not the only way for
their lives. Technology can provide new ways to do experiment without using human
beings. Medical research can use animals because the system of animals bodies is similar to
human bodies so this option can gives medical research opportunity to do their researches
without making a big harmful. In addition, medical research can avoid the problems that
will face them in future if they do it on human bodies. Research: Using medical research on
human beingsBibliographyRebecca L. Skloot(2010)The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks
p134Torrey, T. the risk and benefits of clinical trials (2008)
(http://patients.about.com/od/clinicaltrials/a/trialrisksbenes.htm)Minnpost Susan Perry
10/14/10 (http://www.minnpost.com/second-opinion/2010/10/too-many-clinical-trials-
still-exploit-poor-and-other-vulnerable-people-says-).
