Science Forum Day 3 - Leo Sebastian - Agrobiodiversity framework for Asia-Pacific

Ann Tutwiler, Director General, Bioversity International gave this presentation at the Eighth Biodiversity Conference, Trondheim on 31st May 2016. Current agricultural intensification practices are the biggest threat to sustainability and a major force behind breaching multiple planetary boundaries (Steffen et al., 2015). Agriculture contributes to between 19 and 29% of total GHG emissions (US EPA 2011, Vermeulen et al. 2012), uses of 69% of freshwater resources (AQUASTAT 2014), and 34% of the terrestrial, icefree surface of the planet accounting for 31% of wild biodiversity loss (Ramankutty et al. 2008). It is the primary driver for the substantial breach of the planetary boundary for phosphorous, and nitrogen (Carpenter and Bennett 2011, Steffen et al. 2015). The foods we produce from these systems struggle to nourish a growing global population where nearly 2 billion suffer from nutrient deficiencies, and another 2 billion suffer from obesity. In as much as agricultural practices are important parts of the problem, they are likely to be our best bet for novel solutions addressing both human and environmental health. Increasing and improved use of agricultural biodiversity has the capacity provide both food and nutritional security, providing the ingredients of healthy, culturally sensitive, and enjoyable meals. Mounting evidence suggests that producing food for diversified diets is often complementary with improving agriculture’s sustainability record. Agricultural biodiversity provides the core ecosystem services that underpin sustainable agricultural intensification: pollination, pest control, and sustainably stored and sourced soil nutrients. Finally, as the planet’s largest ecosystem, sustainable intensification of agricultural ecosystems has the capacity to provide multiple ecosystem services converting agriculture from a net source, to net sink of green house gases; reigning in planetary boundaries on phosphorus, nitrogen, and water; and creating a safe space for wild biodiversity . Achieving agricultural biodiversity’s potential however, requires stronger support of the research and development community, better articulation of biodiversity’s contribution to multiple sustainable development goals, and improved indicators and indices that facilitate impact and progress both environmental and human well-being targets. Find out more about Bioversity International's research on productive and resilient farms, forests and landscapes: http://www.bioversityinternational.org/initiatives/farms-forests-landscapes/ Visit the official Trondheim 8th Biodiversity Conference page: http://www.trondheimconference.org/

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The Agrobiodiversity Framework for the Asia-Pacific Region The Way Forward for Managing Agrobiodiversity for Sustainable Agriculture in the Asia-Pacific Region

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Agrobiodiversity … more than just Crops ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Biodiversity Biodiversity affected by agriculture (unmanaged ABD) Agrobiodiversity (managed)

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Diversity and Green Revolution Success of agricultural research & Green Revolution Food security Simplification of agricultural systems Bulk of global agricultural production Fewer species Fewer varieties Loss of crop diversity

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Focus of Research and Development ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],6. Information systems and tools for data exchange 7. Supportive policies, laws and strategies to enable enhanced exchange and use of genetic resources

Areas of Regional Collaboration ,[object Object],L.Guarino 2. Increasing R&D collaboration on AgB conservation and use in the region ,[object Object],[object Object]

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The International Water Management Institute (IWMI) is a non-profit, scientific research organization focusing on the sustainable use of water and land resources in developing countries. IWMI works in partnership with governments, civil society and the private sector to develop scalable agricultural water management solutions that have a real impact on poverty reduction, food security and ecosystem health. Headquartered in Colombo, Sri Lanka, with regional offices across Asia and Africa, IWMI is a CGIAR Research Center and leads the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE).

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Ann Tutwiler, Director General, Bioversity International presentation on NOT finding the world's next superfood. This presentation was delivered at Kew Gardens on May 12th 2016 at the State of the World's Plants Symposium. Abstract: In the last few years, superfoods such as quinoa, amaranth and goji berries have been celebrated in the international media in recognition of their rich nutrient content. But it is not just Western consumers that can benefit from rediscovering these forgotten foods. M. Ann Tutwiler, Director General, Bioversity International, will explain how many nutritious traditional foods, which have largely fallen off menus and research-for-development agendas in favour of a handful of staple grains, are starting to make a comeback on the plates of the world’s poorest and most malnourished populations. Bioversity International carries out research on a diverse range of underutilized crops, and advocates for their wider use in healthy diets from sustainable food systems. This overview will include examples of how research-for-development efforts on quinoa in the High Andes and minor millets in India have helped bring diverse varieties back to the farm, the market and the plate. She will highlight how these crops are often not just nutrient-rich but also have a high potential to contribute to livelihoods. They are often also highly resilient to today’s production challenges, such as climate change. In conclusion, M. Ann Tutwiler will outline the urgent need to identify, promote and protect these useful plants which all have the potential to be placed into a diverse basket of Super Foods when it comes to delivering food and nutrition security.

Sustainable agriculture

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Presentation delivered by M. Ann Tutwiler at the International Agrobiodiversity Congress 2016, held in Delhi, India, 6-9 November. The presentation outlined a new Agrobiodiversity Index that will enable governments, private sector and other decision-makers to assess and track agrobiodiversity in food systems. Currently there is no consistent way to do this. Find out more about the India Agrobiodiversity Congress: http://www.bioversityinternational.org/iac2016/ IAC 2016 gathered 850 delegates from over 40 countries across the world who presented the results and stories of progress of agrobiodiversity research they are involved in.

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Presenter: Dr. Marie Haga Executive Director, Global Crop Diversity Trust. Facing demographic and climate changes, our best and most important tool to develop a resilient agricultural system is found in the natural diversity of crops and within crops. The Global Crop Diversity Trust (Crop Trust) works to safeguard the most important collections of crop diversity in genebanks around the world. This global common good will guarantee farmers and plant breeders have access to the raw materials needed to improve our crops, and ultimately, feed the world.

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AIRCA (Association of International Research and Development Centers for Agriculture) is a nine-member alliance focused on increasing global food security by supporting smallholder agriculture within healthy, sustainable and climate-smart landscapes. The combined expertise of AIRCA centers cover a large spectrum of the research for development continuum including agrobiodiversity, agroforestry, integrated pest management, drought-tolerance crops, natural resource management and the conservation and use of underutilized species. For more information, please visit the official website of AIRCA at http://www.airca.org/ The nine-member alliance comprises of: AVRDC – Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center CABI – Centre for Agriculture and Bio-Sciences International CATIE – Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center CFF – Crops for the Future ICBA – International Center for Biosaline Agriculture ICIMOD – International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development ICIPE – International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology IFDC – International Fertilizer Development Center INBAR – International Network for Bamboo and Rattan

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Ehsan Dulloo, Bioversity International Conservation and Availability Programme Leader, presented at the international conference Enhanced genepool utilization - Capturing wild relative and landrace diversity for crop improvement, in Cambridge, UK, 16-20 June 2014. It is said that “you can't manage what you don't measure”. The unprecedented global loss of agricultural species, varieties and associated traditional knowledge is of increasing concern, threatening the provisioning, regulatory, supporting and cultural ecosystem services of importance to the livelihoods of the poor as well as the welfare of broader society. Such services include such public goods as maintaining agroecosystem resilience and future option values. Unfortunately, although many crop genetic resources (CGR) are widely recognized as being threatened, there is only limited information available regarding actual status. Only isolated efforts at monitoring have been undertaken. Conventional monitoring efforts, where they exist at all, have been subject to limitations due to ad hoc approaches that lack rigorous survey and sampling approaches, do not adequately account for search effort costs or systematically involve the participation of local-level actors, and are usually based on collections instead of direct observations in the field. Furthermore, the links between specific CGR conservation levels/configurations and the provision of specific ecosystem services are poorly understood. There is thus an urgent need for the development of a systematic approach to the monitoring of CGR. This presentation draws on the outcome of a recent Bioversity International/CIP international expert workshop aimed at the development of such an approach. The proposed multi-scale approach builds on a wide range of existing monitoring experiences and a review of the literature related to agricultural biodiversity-relevant ecosystem services. A number of proposed indicators that could be used to assess CGR threat levels, be used for monitoring purposes and/or assist in evaluating ecosystem service public/private good trade-offs arising from agricultural intensification are presented, with a view to supporting the potential for prioritizing, designing and implementing on-farm/in situ conservation measures that actively involve farmers, support livelihoods, complement existing ex situ conservation efforts and facilitate access and benefit sharing. Find out more about Bioversity International work on conserving crop diversity on the farm and in the wild http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/conservation-of-crop-diversity/

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