Running head: MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
IN DIGITAL BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENTS 1
Managing Technological Innovation in Digital Business
Environments
Yolanda McNeil
ENGL 602 Field Project: Final Product
Liberty University
MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN DIGITAL
BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENTS 2

Introduction
Background of the Research
Innovation plays a critical role in assisting businesses to sustain
and grow their market
shares. It takes place in dissimilar functions and parts of the
business and it is significant to
understand the best way to create and manage it effectively.
Digital technologies have been
regularly used in business and this has led to digitized
workplaces that demand the need to invent
to remain at the top in the market (Kay & Willman, 2018).
Digitizing places of work has played
a key role in changing the way business is usually managed and
this has similarly affected how
innovation must be managed and embraced in such a novel
business atmosphere. Therefore, the
best way to understand technological innovation in the digital
business atmosphere is the need to
understand how technology has been shaping the business
world.
The reason for choosing technological innovation in digital
business environments is that

business owners play a critical role in the identification and
application of new technologies. By
investing in initiatives that permit them to deliver efficient and
effective services and products,
they discover innovative solutions to complex challenges
(Camisón & Villar-López, 2014).
Successful technological innovation needs collaboration, expert
project management, planning,
and execution. Worldwide competition and rigorous demand to
bring commodities to market
very fast affect decisions.
Research Purpose
1
2
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:07:25-08:00
This wording seems a bit circular: "the best way to
understand...is the need to understand." Is there a clearer way
you could state this?
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:09:33-08:00
Even without the word "I," you're indirectly referring to
yourself here, which isn't necessary in this paper. You don't
need to explain why you chose your topic; instead, you should
explain why the topic is important in the field (which is exactly
what you did in this sentence--you just need to frame it
differently).

MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN DIGITAL
BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENTS 3
The purpose of this research is to explore the role and
importance of managing
technological innovation in the digital business environment.
Technological innovation strategies
that a firm pursues can either break or make the company. The
current business landscape is
increasingly multifaceted. For an organization to succeed in the
modern business environment, it
is critical that it adopts digital innovation which can assist to
attain its goals and remain at the top
in the competition (Camisón & Villar-López, 2014). Adopting
and managing technological
innovation in the digital business atmosphere can have many
benefits if a firm decides to do so.
Research Questions
digital business environment?
business environment?

globe?
Research Structure
This research has been organized by first providing the
background of the technological
innovation in digital business environments. Next would be to
provide a literature review based
on the previous researches that have so far been conducted.
Then literature review is followed by
research methodology, and data analysis then conclusion and
recommendations.
Literature Review
Importance of Investing in Technological Innovation
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4
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:11:30-08:00
A running head should not exceed 50 characters and should not
extend to a second line. When your title is long, choose just a
key phrase to use as your running head.
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:12:09-08:00
This word usually isn't made plural. "Studies" is the more
common term.

MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN DIGITAL
BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENTS 4
According to Haddud, McAllen & DeSouza (2018), an effectual
strategy that helps in
managing technology and innovation normally involves using
comprehensive analysis
instruments. These tools help to ensure that the group can
manage the risks to reduce negative
impact and utilize opportunities. they similarly use decision
support instruments like force field
analysis and impact analysis to assess possible results and
choose the best solution to the
problem.
The internet offers an opportunity for owners of the business to
easily link up with other
entrepreneurs and learn by sharing techniques, tricks, and tips.
Baker et al., (2014) explain that
using social media technologies like forums and blogs, the
innovators find the innovation to
solve problems. Based on this, managing technology and
innovation tends to be an iterative
procedure that needs input from talented people.

Being able to invest in digital technologies can be seen as a
tedious and expensive thing
for the businesses, however, in many instances, it could be a
highly gainful decision. Haddud,
McAllen & DeSouza (2018) found out that managing
technological innovation in the digital
world plays a critical role in streamlining the processes,
enhance production, increase efficiency
and effectiveness and save firms’ money. It may be hard to
adopt new technology, particularly
when the firm is presently performing optimally because the
reason could be “why to fix
something that is still intact?’ nevertheless, investing in digital
in short term can lead to long
term growth for businesses as well as competitive advantage
(Chen, Lin & McDonough, 2012).
This option is mainly to continue with the business as normal,
which eventually leads to slow
growth and decline in case technology is adopted very fast.
5
6
7

Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:13:09-08:00
What group are you talking about? You don't need to describe
the whole study, but you do need to give enough context to
make it understandable.
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:14:00-08:00
Don't put a comma after "et al." unless there is a grammatical
necessary for it in the sentence.
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:15:48-08:00
I'm not sure how the last part of this sentence relates to the rest
of it. Are you saying that if a company proceeds with business
as usual, but then suddenly breaks away from that pattern and
adopts a new technology, the sudden change can slow growth
and create decline? You may need to explain how that would
happen.
MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN DIGITAL
BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENTS 5
Types of Technological Innovation
The innovation of technology is getting fast as the years go on.
Camisón & Villar-López,
(2014) discovered that different firms take advantage of an
individual’s interest with the best and
advanced technology nowadays. There is a big difference
between the early days and now
specifically on matters of technologies that are manufactured
and sold at the marketplace at a

particular price (Alegre & Chiva, 2013). Semi-radical
technology typically depends on the
existing information about technology (Damanpour, Szabat &
Evan, 1989). Nevertheless, it sues
knowledge in a way that is different from the past. Cellphones
were initially considered mobile
phones but work differently nowadays. It is now a personal
communication that has managed to
built-in desks for systems and works specially made for the
purpose of entertainment.
Disruptive technology is identified as disruptive because it
breaks conventional ones
which now provide new technologies and products that are more
accessible. According to
Haddud, McAllen & DeSouza (2018), it is identified as
disruptive because it pushes the idea
about existing supply and business chains. For instance, digital
photography is ideal as it
minimalizes cameras and traditional films that make print media
irrelevant.
Incremental technologies, on the other hand, are smaller but
have valuable improvements
for a commodity and methods. It has the last version of word
processing program that permits all

users to make new types of the document with more effectual
tools that serve as the best example
of improving contemporary technology (Chen, Lin &
McDonough, 2012). These types of
innovative technologies are actually beneficial in market
platforms. The technological innovation
8
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:17:59-08:00
I'm having a hard time understanding your meaning in these
sentences, and I'm wondering if you are trying to paraphrase
your sources word-by-word instead of capturing the entire
meaning. Whenever you paraphrase, read back through what
you've written and check to make sure it flows and makes sense.
MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN DIGITAL
BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENTS 6
thus speeds up work, increase profits, ensure quick access to
information and develop
communication.
Managing Technology and Innovation
Management of technology is becoming a recognized
management practice and in some

instances even the equivalent of present monetary management
practices. With the upsurge
insignificance of technology, it is becoming judicious for senior
managers to know the new
technologies (Damanpour, Szabat & Evan, 1989). Novel
technologies have the capability to
totally interrupt reputable businesses, and make most, if not
every, of their proficiencies
obsolete. Contrariwise, a definite technology recognized early
enough and advanced into a
marketplace leader might be tremendously profitable (Lendel,
Hittmár & Latka, 2015). The
technological management has been evolving as a prescribed
discipline for the past twenty years.
Compared to other disciplines of management it is in its early
stages. When looking at
innovation management it is even lesser developed as compared
to technology management as
an official discipline. Haddud, McAllen & DeSouza (2018)
found out that many features are
hindering the fast acceptance of technology management in the
industry. One of these is the
strain of describing technology itself. The other one is finding
the value that technology

management adds to the organization. It is hard to describe the
value of an undefinable and
unquantifiable discipline. Because of the up-surged use of
technology at the place of work,
particularly information technology, technology management
shall in future years become
gradually significant (Chen, Lin & McDonough, 2012). If the
discipline of technology
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10
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:18:54-08:00
The subject of all the verbs in this sentence is "innovation," so
all the verbs should be in the same form: speeds, increases,
ensures, and develops.
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:21:27-08:00
If you have three or more authors, put a comma before the last
author's name. Also, with three authors, after the first time you
cite them, you should use et al. instead of writing all of them
out.
MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN DIGITAL
BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENTS 7
management is hard to compute so much more might be the
discipline of innovation

management.
Research Methodology
Systematic Literature Review
A systematic review of the literature was employed to answer
the key questions of the
study: What is the importance of technological innovation in the
digital business environment?
What is the impact of technology and innovation on the business
environment? How has digital
innovation transformed today’s business globe? The procedure
for review was introduced by
identifying and selecting some of the relevant articles. The
identification, as well as selection
procedure in the literature exploration, used keywords like
“technological innovation, digital
transformation” from three journal databases Emerald, EBSCO
together with Wiley Interscience.
Research Design
This project used a study action plan. The researcher performed
an initial evaluation of the
issue to assess the degree of the problem and thus developed an
intrusion strategy to collect

information to address the issue being investigated. In this case,
the investigator made appropriate
observations that were gathered from secondary sources that
contained information that was
pertinent in addressing the topic
Data Analysis Techniques
11
12
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:22:47-08:00
Most people would probably use the word "world" here.
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:23:46-08:00
What does this mean? I have never heard of this as a research
strategy. It has become fairly common for researchers to
provide a brief definition of their methodology, so you should
do the same here.
MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN DIGITAL
BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENTS 8
The information gotten from secondary sources was classified
into a different context for
reanalysis. The researcher gathered secondary information that
was redeveloped into content to

help in analyzing. The collected information was assembled for
importance to the issue, principally
the study questions.
Results And Analysis
Research question 1: What is the importance of technological
innovation in the digital business
environment?
To ensure business success, productivity and efficiency are
significant. As such,
technological innovation plays a key role in improving
communication, content management,
collaboration, access to analytics data as well as social
networking and customer and staff
experience as confirmed by Camisón & Villar-López, (2014).
Successful organizations are
embracing current technology in order to create a digital
workplace that enhances business
cohesion. Based on this, the topic ensures that no business is
left behind in choosing digital
technology that supports the ways in which a business wants to
operate.
If my company does not embrace technological innovation, then
there are higher chances

that it will fall behind other rivaling companies that do decide
to embrace it. This might lead to
low sales volume, decease in proceeds as well as downward
trend that may be hard to rectify,
specifically if my firm is left playing catch up to firms that did
embrace technology and are able
to see the benefit at the expense of my company as confirmed
Haddud, McAllen & DeSouza
(2018). Embracing and managing technological innovation in
the digital business environment
13
14
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:24:55-08:00
Also, for future reference, if you are doing a study that is purely
based on secondary sources, you probably don't need to do all
this methodology description. These sections of a paper are
more useful for empirical studies.
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:25:44-08:00
Your topic can't really ensure that; it's up to the businesses to
choose their own technology.
MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN DIGITAL
BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENTS 9

have created a bigger difference between the current status of
the company and in the future. For
example, some of the companies that ignored technological
innovation like Blackberry and
Blockbuster mobile devices performed dismally as compared to
their competitors. In other
words, failure to embrace and manage technological innovation
in the digital business
environment can lead to firms falling behind rivaling firms and
at some point, fail to revert the
situation.
Embracing and managing technological innovation in the digital
business environment is
a concern for several firms and thus some decide to do
something about it while others choose to
ignore it. Failing to do something due to fear of the complexity
of executing digital technology
can lastingly damage a firm’s capacity to succeed in the future
(Kay & Willman, 2018). If an
organization needs to grow or expand, then it’s crucial to keep
the firm updated with digital
technology. The term digital transformation means innovating
activities of the business to make
the opportunities presented by digital technology. Embracing

and managing technological
innovation can positively change the performance of the
business with concerns to increase
revenue, enhance the experience of the customers and reduce
costs.
Technological innovation is always at the heart of the
business’s strategy of going
forward. When changing business strategy there are always
risks, however, the rewards from
getting it right can help to drive business growth beyond some
of the competitors that fail to
embrace digital innovations (Kay & Willman, 2018). The fact is
that all technological innovator
wants their firm to continue succeeding therefore they have no
choice but to encourage all
workers to embrace and manage technological innovation as
soon as possible.
15
16
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:27:00-08:00
This definition and the following claim would be great at the
beginning of your paper!
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:27:54-08:00

Change this comma to a semicolon because you are joining two
complete sentence. You also need a semicolon before
"therefore" in the next sentence.
MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN DIGITAL
BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENTS 10
Research question 2: What is the impact of technology and
innovation on the business
environment?
In the modern world, technology has become an integrative part
of life, both professional
and personal. Universally technology has become a global
facilitator and generator of value
assisting firms and individuals in their process of value
creation. Information technology has
become closely linked to the business globe. For firms to
succeed, companies should embrace
and improve technology. Camisón & Villar-López, (2014) found
out that organization, business
model, strategy as well as competencies are some of the things
that are influenced by technology
in the business environment. To execute that transformation, it
is important to apply the right

business as well as the managerial method. Based on this,
radical innovation norms are positively
related to the performance of the new products (Baker et al.,
2014). All this due to the fact that
technological innovation does not assure the success of the
business. New services or products
should be coupled with business models and described
strategies.
Cloud, data, business, as well as people, are all major elements
that belong to the digital
transformation. Individuals use technology and digital for
several reasons. Firms benefit from
technology to execute innovative procedures and processes
targeting to decrease costs and
increase profits (Haddud, McAllen & DeSouza, 2018). Things
that are considered to be smart
things include drones, autonomous vehicles, and several other
innovative technologies. Data
represent the business assets targeting to influence business
while cloud stands for the
technological infrastructure.
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18

Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:29:48-08:00
This comma doesn't need to be here.
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:30:42-08:00
Try not to overuse the vague term "things." There are usually
more precise words you can use in place of it.
MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN DIGITAL
BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENTS 11
The digital transformation needs a methodological approach that
integrates business and
technology. The digital business must be predicated both on
technological and managerial
language (Kadar, Moise & Colomba, 2014). Data-driven value
propositions offer a greater
advantage over the old-style ones: the more they are utilized,
the more valued these become.
Digital data are precise, accurate, fresh, but most significant
offer real-time information
providing business with the likelihood to adapt and change the
value proposition to the
consumers’ changing needs (Damanpour, Szabat & Evan,
1989). When companies and their
mode of operation change from the conventional mode of

management and operation to the
contemporary and technology-oriented ways of operation, the
shifts are known as digital
transformation or interruption.
Due to the fact that change is just the only that that is constant,
digital transformation is
becoming important for all businesses, large, medium, small. Be
it retail, software, logistics or
automation- digital disruption is universal. Delivering premium
digital business experiences to
workers and clients needs the usage of new innovative business
applications (Lendel, Hittmár &
Latka, 2015). As such, companies must be capable of delivering
custom applications at the speed
of concepts. That is the only way a company can stay ahead of
the competition in the modern
world. Reducing operational expenses and improving client
experience is essential to digital
transformation.
Digital transformation does not solely rely on new technology,
it is about change in
organizational culture and thought. It is essential for the firms
to address the needed

transformation in business scenarios, dynamic business demands
and invent ways to quickly
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21
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:32:09-08:00
You should cite a source or sources here. Who originally used
these terms in this context?
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:33:53-08:00
This is a good sentence because it's short and clear! Just one
thing: Change this hyphen to a dash (two hyphens together). A
hyphen is used to create compound words like "real-time." A
dash is used to create a strong pause in a sentence.
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:35:14-08:00
You need a verb here. "Address" and "invent" are both verbs, so
in order for this list to be parallel, you need another verb--
perhaps "meet."
MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN DIGITAL
BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENTS 12
cater to some of the changing needs (Kadar, Moise & Colomba,
2014). managers and
information technology in any company must work closely in
order to meet business needs,

encourage innovation and march to constant improvement
(Chen, Lin & McDonough, 2012).
This is what digital transformation entails – lower expenses,
accelerate activities of the business,
expedite time to market, bring about positive transformation in
people, processes, and
competency models.
Digital transformation is similarly at some point known as
business transformation. A
large number of people prefer to use digital business change,
which is somehow synced with
aspects of the business of the transformation (Kadar, Moise &
Colomba, 2014). Digital business
transformation is driven by major aspects like market demand,
customer behavior, and
innovative technology as well as ecological aspects.
Technological innovations lead to disruptions of the technology.
The processes of
business move away from legacy systems to adopt contemporary
technology such as cloud,
RAD, IoT, Big data (Kane, et al., 2015). These and several such
technology innovations are then
used and recognized enterprise-wide. They help to bring value

to the business, lower expenses
and effort, upsurge speed and deliver outcomes more
effectually.
Then there is another aspect known as customer behavior. In
most cases, customers’
expectations and demands are geared towards meeting business
needs. Camisón & Villar-López,
(2014) discovered that the demands of the customer increase
technological abilities mixed with
the desire to ease usage. As such, firms have a deal with outside
pressures like market
competition, changing economy as well as business partner
demands. What the consumers
22
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:36:43-08:00
You might need to explain what this term means in a business
context, since it's normally used in the natural sciences.
MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN DIGITAL
BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENTS 13
demand and whether the technology is able to change to cater to
the demands of the business is

of great significance.
Research question 3: How has digital innovation transformed
today’s business globe?
Digital advancement has not only changed how business is
performed but also how
businesses are perceived. It meant a change from traditional
means of operation to the one
assisted by technology (Kane, et al., 2015). In the current
generation, each aspect of the business
from management to operations is run using digital instruments.
Such digital revolutions have
transformed every industry and revolutionized various ways of
serving the customers, improve
the level of competition among businesses and pushed for the
expansion of the worldwide
market.
Research by Coleman Parkes in their survey discovered that
82% of the participants have
adopted digital technology for redefining their businesses. This
total refurbishment with the
reinvention of business functions is influenced by the advent of
big data analytics, social, cloud
and mobile analytics (Kane, et al., 2015). Therefore, the
transcendence of the digital globe has

helped businesses to grow.
Initially, companies created websites as an avenue for offering
only information. With
interactivity as well as the inception of the mobile emergence,
apps and sites began to offer much
more (Damanpour, Szabat & Evan, 1989). They are used to
offer products and services right at
the entrance of clienteles. The usage of social media has
managed to improve the knowledge
about what the clienteles desire and what they try to seek
(Chen, Lin & McDonough, 2012).
23
24
25
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:37:35-08:00
should be "are," since there are two parts to the subject
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:38:25-08:00
Give a brief explanation of who the participants were; this will
make the data more meaningful to readers.
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:39:06-08:00
"Inception" and "emergence" mean basically the same thing;
you don't need both in this sentence.

MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN DIGITAL
BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENTS 14
Businesses are able to use this medium to comprehend and tailor
modified experiences to offer
real value to their clientele.
Big Data analytics has managed to change how businesses or
firms acclimatize and
change. From making decisions to forecasting client preferences
as well as recruiting the right
sets of skills, big data analytics has appeared as the game-
changer for firms nowadays by
influencing the way they deal with their data (Kane, et al.,
2015). Rather than undertaking a
market survey, there is appropriate information that tells what is
not working in the marketplace
and what is working.
The competition- every business that tries to enter into a digital
change is not mainly
focusing on competition. Taking into consideration the new
generation of clients who have
everything, businesses have tried to remain on their toes to
deliver real-time and rich interactions

with personalization elements to keep their clients engaged
(Mohnen & Hall, 2013). Similarly,
the necessity to keep innovating and updating with respect to
competition has become a necessity
to save businesses from running into the ground.
Reach out- although the competition upsurges with the digital
change, firms have taken
advantage of the fact that nowadays they have reached out to a
worldwide audience. There is a
marketplace for the niche of services and products since
clienteles have means to access them
effortlessly (Haddud, McAllen & DeSouza, 2018). Similarly
embracing innovation has made
sure that the businesses are at the front of attaining a profitable
portion out of the industry.
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27
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:41:11-08:00
You should either make this an APA formatted heading or
incorporate it into the grammar of the sentence as a transition.
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:42:05-08:00
Apply the above comment to all these phrases at the beginnings
of the next few paragraphs.

MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN DIGITAL
BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENTS 15
Improved avenues- due to the fact that changing the business
into a digital space is not a
choice, businesses have started utilizing the advantages of such
a transformation. Persistent
digitization of products, as well as services, have been made to
make sure that no barriers exist
between the firms and their clientele as established by Camisón
& Villar-López, (2014).
Similarly, traditional corporations have begun to make efforts to
facelift or add novel services
that are digitally accessible to upsurge their proceeds.
Monetization from digital platforms as
well as collaborations with partners has further helped attain
better proceeds from an unexploited
source of purchaser relationships. In this sense, Alegre & Chiva
(2013) provide broader picture
that consists of two intermediate steps: the capacity of
organizational learning and innovation
performance. The authors also explain intra‐industry firm
performance variances by focusing on

business opportunities
Conclusion And Recommendation
Conclusion
In conclusion technology innovation moves very fast and does
not adhere to yearly
review as well as financing schedule that many companies put
into consideration. This makes it
hard for firms to make decisions that transformational
technology to adopt, how to incorporate
them and even replace the systems. However, successful
organizations are embracing current
technology in order to create a digital workplace that enhances
business cohesion. Embracing
and managing technological innovation in the digital business
environment have also created a
bigger difference between the current status of the company and
in the future. Therefore, digital
transformation entails lower expenses, acceleration of activities
of the business, expedite time to
28
29

Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:43:29-08:00
"Exploit" almost always has a negative connotation. I would use
a similar but more neutral word like "untapped."
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:44:52-08:00
In the middle of this list, you shift from nouns (expenses,
acceleration) to verbs (expedite, bring). All the items on the list
should be the same part of speech.
MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN DIGITAL
BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENTS 16
market products, bring about positive transformation in people,
processes, and competency
models.
Recommendation
gical innovation in the
digital business environment
which leads firms to remain ahead of the competing firms.
strategizes, implement and
manage technological innovation.
ace digital transformation which means
innovating activities of the
business to utilize the opportunities presented by digital

technology.
30
Tess Stockslager @ 2020-03-06T10:45:38-08:00
All three of these verbs should be in the same form: strategizes,
implements, and manages.
MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN DIGITAL
BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENTS 17
References
Alegre, J. & Chiva, R., (2013). Linking entrepreneurial
orientation and firm performance: the
role of organizational learning capability and innovation
performance. Journal of Small
Business Management, 51(4), pp. 491–507.
Baker, W. E., Sinkula, J. M., Grinstein, A., & Rosenzweig, S.
(2014). The effect of radical

innovation in/congruence on new product performance.
Industrial Marketing
Management, 43(8), 1314-1323.
Camisón, C. & Villar-López, A., (2014). Organizational
innovation as an enabler of
technological innovation capabilities and firm performance.
Journal of business
research, 67(1), pp. 2891–2902.
Chen, M.Y.C., Lin, C.Y.Y., Lin, H.E. & McDonough, E.F.,
(2012). Does transformational
leadership facilitate technological innovation? The moderating
roles of an innovative
culture and incentive compensation. Asia Pacific Journal of
Management, 29(2), pp. 239–
264.
Damanpour, F., Szabat, K. A., & Evan, W. M. (1989). The
relationship between types of
innovation and organizational performance. Journal of
Management Studies, 26, 587–
602.
MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN DIGITAL

BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENTS 18
Haddud, A., McAllen, D. K., & DeSouza, A. R. (2018).
Managing Technological Innovation in
Digital Business Environments. In Marktorientiertes Produkt-
und
Produktionsmanagement in digitalen Umwelten (pp. 47-60).
Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden.
Kadar, M., Moise, I.A. & Colomba, C., (2014). Innovation
management in the globalized digital
society. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 143, pp.
1083–1089.
Kane, G.C., Palmer, D., Phillips, A.N. & Kiron, D., (2015). Is
your business ready for a digital
future?. MIT Sloan Management Review, 56(4), pp. 37–44.
Kay, J., & Willman, P. (2018). Managing technological
innovation: Architecture, trust and
organizational relationships in the firm. In New Technologies
and the Firm (pp. 19-35).
Routledge.
Lendel, V., Hittmár, Š. & Latka, M., (2015). Application of
management of innovation processes
in enterprises: management approach, problems, and

recommendations. Procedia
Economics and Finance, 34, pp. 410–416.
Mohnen, P. & Hall, B.H., (2013). Innovation and productivity:
An update. Eurasian Business
Review, 3(1), pp. 47–65.
Comment Summary
Page 2
1. This wording seems a bit circular: "the best way to
understand...is the need to understand." Is there a clearer
way you could state this?
2. Even without the word "I," you're indirectly referring to
yourself here, which isn't necessary in this paper. You
don't need to explain why you chose your topic; instead, you
should explain why the topic is important in the
field (which is exactly what you did in this sentence--you just
need to frame it differently).
Page 3
3. A running head should not exceed 50 characters and should
not extend to a second line. When your title is long,
choose just a key phrase to use as your running head.
4. This word usually isn't made plural. "Studies" is the more
common term.
Page 4

5. What group are you talking about? You don't need to describe
the whole study, but you do need to give enough
context to make it understandable.
6. Don't put a comma after "et al." unless there is a grammatical
necessary for it in the sentence.
7. I'm not sure how the last part of this sentence relates to the
rest of it. Are you saying that if a company proceeds
with business as usual, but then suddenly breaks away from that
pattern and adopts a new technology, the
sudden change can slow growth and create decline? You may
need to explain how that would happen.
Page 5
8. I'm having a hard time understanding your meaning in these
sentences, and I'm wondering if you are trying to
paraphrase your sources word-by-word instead of capturing the
entire meaning. Whenever you paraphrase,
read back through what you've written and check to make sure it
flows and makes sense.
Page 6
9. The subject of all the verbs in this sentence is "innovation,"
so all the verbs should be in the same form: speeds,
increases, ensures, and develops.
10. If you have three or more authors, put a comma before the
last author's name. Also, with three authors, after the
first time you cite them, you should use et al. instead of writing
all of them out.
Page 7
11. Most people would probably use the word "world" here.

12. What does this mean? I have never heard of this as a
research strategy. It has become fairly common for
researchers to provide a brief definition of their methodology,
so you should do the same here.
Page 8
13. Also, for future reference, if you are doing a study that is
purely based on secondary sources, you probably don't
need to do all this methodology description. These sections of a
paper are more useful for empirical studies.
14. Your topic can't really ensure that; it's up to the businesses
to choose their own technology.
Page 9
15. This definition and the following claim would be great at
the beginning of your paper!
16. Change this comma to a semicolon because you are joining
two complete sentence. You also need a semicolon
before "therefore" in the next sentence.
Page 10
17. This comma doesn't need to be here.
18. Try not to overuse the vague term "things." There are
usually more precise words you can use in place of it.
Page 11
19. You should cite a source or sources here. Who originally
used these terms in this context?
20. This is a good sentence because it's short and clear! Just one
thing: Change this hyphen to a dash (two hyphens
together). A hyphen is used to create compound words like
"real-time." A dash is used to create a strong pause in

a sentence.
21. You need a verb here. "Address" and "invent" are both
verbs, so in order for this list to be parallel, you need
another verb--perhaps "meet."
Page 12
22. You might need to explain what this term means in a
business context, since it's normally used in the natural
sciences.
Page 13
23. should be "are," since there are two parts to the subject
24. Give a brief explanation of who the participants were; this
will make the data more meaningful to readers.
25. "Inception" and "emergence" mean basically the same thing;
you don't need both in this sentence.
Page 14
26. You should either make this an APA formatted heading or
incorporate it into the grammar of the sentence as a
transition.
27. Apply the above comment to all these phrases at the
beginnings of the next few paragraphs.
Page 15
28. "Exploit" almost always has a negative connotation. I would
use a similar but more neutral word like
"untapped."
29. In the middle of this list, you shift from nouns (expenses,
acceleration) to verbs (expedite, bring). All the items on

the list should be the same part of speech.
Page 16
30. All three of these verbs should be in the same form:
strategizes, implements, and manages.
Purpose: 25
Levels of Achievement:
Advanced 23 (11.50%) - 25 (12.50%)
The purpose for writing is clearly seen in the piece. If the genre
calls for a thesis statement, research question, or other explicit
statement of purpose, it is included in the appropriate place.
Proficient 21 (10.50%) - 22 (11.00%)
The purpose for writing is discernible in the piece. If the genre
calls for a thesis statement, research question, or other explicit
statement of purpose, it is included, though not necessarily in
the appropriate place.
Developing 1 (0.50%) - 20 (10.00%)
The purpose for writing is not clearly stated, but it is somewhat
discernible. If the genre calls for a thesis statement, research
question, or other explicit statement of purpose, it is missing or
difficult to identify.
Not Present 0 (0.00%) - 0 (0.00%)
The purpose for writing is entirely unclear.
Feedback: clearly stated
Content: 45
Levels of Achievement:
Advanced 46 (23.00%) - 50 (25.00%)
Ideas, reasoning, and use of sources all contribute to a strong

product that fulfills the purpose for writing.
Proficient 42 (21.00%) - 45 (22.50%)
Ideas, reasoning, and use of sources all contribute to an
adequate product that mostly fulfills the purpose for writing.
Developing 1 (0.50%) - 41 (20.50%)
Ideas, reasoning, and use of sources may be lacking, but the
content at least partly fulfills the purpose for writing.
Not Present 0 (0.00%) - 0 (0.00%)
The content is insufficient, illogical, and/or poorly supported,
and it does not fulfill the purpose for writing.
Feedback:
Impressive research! The only additional thing I would suggest
doing is to define key terms.
Organization: 22
Levels of Achievement:
Advanced 37 (18.50%) - 40 (20.00%)
Information is organized in a way that is logical and readable
and that conforms to the expectations of the genre. The project
is 8–11 pages.
Proficient 34 (17.00%) - 36 (18.00%)
Information is organized in a way that is, overall, logical and
readable and that mostly conforms to the expectations of the
genre. The project is 8–11 pages or very close to that range.
Developing 1 (0.50%) - 33 (16.50%)
The organization of the piece may be confusing or somewhat
illogical, but it can be discerned. It shows an inadequate attempt
to conform to the expectations of the genre. The piece may be
more than a page outside the required range.
Not Present 0 (0.00%) - 0 (0.00%)
The piece has no discernible organizational scheme, OR it is
significantly under 8 or over 11 pages.
Feedback:

I'm deducting some points here because your paper is several
pages over the limit. Part of the assignment was to present your
research concisely enough to fit into a relatively small page
range. In a paper like this, based only on secondary sources,
you probably don't need to describe your methodology in detail.
Also, I noticed some repetition. Creating an outline might help
you avoid saying the same thing in more than one place.
Style and mechanics: 18
Levels of Achievement:
Advanced 28 (14.00%) - 30 (15.00%)
The writing is professional in tone and style, with few to no
errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling. “Professional” is
defined according to the field and the context (e.g., it may be
appropriate for a pastor to use an informal tone in a sermon).
Proficient 25 (12.50%) - 27 (13.50%)
The writing is mostly professional in tone and style, with some
errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
Developing 1 (0.50%) - 24 (12.00%)
The writing is somewhat unprofessional in tone and style, with
frequent errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
Not Present 0 (0.00%) - 0 (0.00%)
The tone and style are entirely unprofessional, OR errors are
frequent and significant enough to seriously impede readability.
Feedback:
See my notes on grammar. Also, the writing style of your paper
was sometimes difficult for me to decipher. Sometimes you used
an unusual word where you could have used a simpler word, and
I wondered if it was because you were trying not to plagiarize
your sources. Of course, this is an admirable goal, but if
avoiding the words your source used is going to make your
prose awkward, it might be better to quote.
Documentation: 25

Levels of Achievement:
Advanced 28 (14.00%) - 30 (15.00%)
At least 8 sources are used and cited correctly (in-text and at
the end) in the documentation style most commonly used in the
field.
Proficient 25 (12.50%) - 27 (13.50%)
Five to seven sources are used, and some errors in citation may
be present.
Developing 1 (0.50%) - 24 (12.00%)
Fewer than five sources are used, and errors in citation may be
frequent.
Not Present 0 (0.00%) - 0 (0.00%)
No sources are cited in-text and/or at the end.
Feedback:
Again, you have an impressive list of sources! Your APA
documentation is all correct except that you need to italicize
journal titles (not article titles) and volume numbers.
Formatting: 20
Levels of Achievement:
Advanced 23 (11.50%) - 25 (12.50%)
The document is formatted according to the conventions of the
chosen genre. This category may include spacing, font,
headings, the absence or presence of special sections such as a
title page or table of contents, etc.
Proficient 21 (10.50%) - 22 (11.00%)
The document is mostly formatted according to the conventions
of the chosen genre.
Developing 1 (0.50%) - 20 (10.00%)
A recognizable attempt is made to conform to the formatting
conventions of the chosen genre.
Not Present 0 (0.00%) - 0 (0.00%)
The document formatting is entirely inappropriate to the genre.
Feedback:
See my note about the running head.

Raw Total: 155.00 (of 200)
Research Quick Guide to English Step one: Determining
Research Needs
Type of Research: Is the topic literary in nature? Are you doing
an analysis of previous work? This list is endless. To determine
the type of research you need to conduct, you can start by
asking yourself these questions:
1. Am I creating original research? Or am I simply reviewing
another’s work?
2. Do I need to perform an experiment to figure results?
3. Am I attempting to establish a connection between two or
more things?
4. Does this topic require the use of rare or old resources?
Extent: Research varies in the extent that needs to be conducted.
If you are simply reviewing a piece of research or book, you
will need fewer resources and likely less time. However, if for
archival research, the process will be much more elaborate and
take more time. You can determine the extent by:
1. Determining audience/outlet
2. Looking for similar research conducted previouslyStep two:
Where to Look and What to Look For
Library: Your local or collegiate library is a great place to
begin your search for sources. Books, of course, are found here,
but there is a plethora of other sources available as well, such
as: journals, various media (film, audiobook, photographs),
newspapers, and magazines.
Online Database: Online sources are abundant and can provide
access to sources that likely would be out of reach otherwise.
Some great online databases to consider for English related
topics are:
1. Gale: go.galegroup.com
2. EEBO (Early English Books Online): eeebo.chadwyck.com
3. JSTOR: jstor.org
Non-Traditional Sources: Not all research requires the
exclusive use of scholarly or peer-reviewed sources. You may

decide to include some of the following into your research:
Interviews, social media, surveys, and more.Step three:
Evaluating Resources
Credibility: Look for words like “scholarly” and “peer-
reviewed”. “.org” and “.gov” websites tend to be safe to use, as
well as sources located through online databases such as the
ones listed above.
Relevancy: Does it apply to your topic? Will it strengthen your
argument or points? Is it current and up-to-date? (If that’s of
importance)
Appropriate: Is this source too elementary or advanced for my
research? Would this source be accepted within the field of this
research topic? Step four: Common Citations in MLA Format
Books:
Standard format:
Last name, First name. Title of book. Publisher,
Publication date.
Example:
Clare, Cassandra. City of Bones. McElderry, 2007.
Articles:
Standard format (for scholarly journal):
Author(s). “Article Title”. Journal Title, Volume, Issue,
Year, Pages.
Example:
Jarvis, Christine. “Becoming a Woman Through Wicca: Witches
and
Wiccans in Contemporary Teen Fiction.” Children’s
Literature in
Education, vol. 39, no. 1, 2008, pp. 43-52.Online Sources:
Standard format (for online article):
Author(s). “Article Title”. Journal Title. Vol., Issue,
Publication Date, Pages.
Database, Doi. Access Date.
Example:
Berger, Helen A., and Douglas Ezzy. “Mass Media and
Religious Identity: A Case

Study of Young Witches.” Journal for the Scientific Study
of Religion, vol.
48, no. 3, 2009, pp. 501–514. JSTOR,
www.jstor.org/stable/40405642.
Accessed 25 Sep. 2017.
Credits:
MLA Handbook. 8th Edition. Modern Language Association,
2016.
The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. The Writing Lab and OWL at
Purdue and Purdue U, 2017,
owl.english.purdue.edu/owl. Accessed 4 Oct. 2017.
The research quick guide is an unusual assignment, so let me
clarify a few things. You will be creating a brief guide to
research for a student or practitioner in your field. (If you
work, study, and/or are interested in multiple fields, just pick
one.) Keep this fairly general--it is not a guide to doing
research on a particular topic, but a guide to doing research in a
particular field (though there may be exceptional cases in which
you need to go a bit narrower--email me if you think one of
those cases may be yours). Think of it as something you might
want to laminate and keep on your desk so that you can consult
it whenever you are starting or working on a research project--
or something you might share with new practitioners in your
field. For example, you might list a few go-to journals and/or
databases in your field. You should also include examples for
citing sources in your field's primary documentation style.
Make sure you follow the instructions, but you can get creative
on this assignment. It should not be in traditional academic
paper format. One last comment: Read the instructions
carefully. I'll be looking to see if you included all the required
components. Pay attention to design as well. Organize the text

in a manner that's both attractive and easy to navigate.
I've attached an example created by a student a few years ago
who gave me permission to share her guide. Your guide doesn't
need to (shouldn't, in fact) look exactly like hers, but it should
give you an idea of what to include.
"SAMPLE Research Quick Guide to English"
ENGL 602
Research Quick Guide Instructions
For this assignment, you will create a 2-2.5 page guide to doing
research in your field. A generalized guide to research in any
field would be too broad; a guide to doing research on your
specific project topic would be too narrow. Ideally, you will
create a resource that you will be able to use in the future and
perhaps share with others who are new to research in your field.
This guide must take the form of a handout or fact sheet that
can be quickly accessed and visually scanned for
answers/advice. The document layout is up to you—think about
what you would want a guide like this to look like—but you will
be graded on its readability and user-friendliness. You can use
text-boxes, bullet points, or graphics; just be mindful of space
limitations. You may want to organize the information in
chronological order (the research process, start to finish) or by
categories; again, this is up to you. At minimum, your topics
must include the following: determining your research needs,
finding sources (where to look), evaluating sources (how do you
know if a source is credible, relevant, and appropriate), and
citing common types of sources in the documentation style most
common in your field (examples would be very helpful). You
can also include any information that doesn’t fit under these
headings but that you think would be helpful. But remember

that you’re limited to two pages and that you want to keep the
information readable.
At the bottom of the last page, preferably in small print so it
does not take up too much space (this is the only part of the
guide that should be in tiny print!), list any sources that you
consulted in creating this resource. You can call this section
“Sources Consulted,” “Credits,” or another term that you like.
At minimum, this list must include the documentation manual
for your field. If that is the only source, that is okay, but you
might also want to supplement your personal experience by
looking at existing research guides online, etc. The crucial thing
is to make this information your own—do not just copy
something you find.
Before you submit your proposal, use the rubric as a checklist
to make sure you have addressed all necessary parts of the
assignment.
ENGL 602
Research Quick Guide Grading Rubric
Criteria
Levels of Achievement
Content 70%
Advanced
Proficient
Developing
Not Present
Points Earned
Determining Research Needs
28 to 30 points
Well-articulated and substantial advice is provided for assessing
a task to determine the extent and type of research that needs to
be done.
25 to 27 points
Adequately clear and sufficient advice is provided for assessing

a task to determine the extent and type of research that needs to
be done.
1 to 24 points
Extent and type of research are mentioned, but insufficient
and/or poorly articulated advice on these topics is given.
0 points
Extent and type of research are not mentioned.
Finding Sources
28 to 30 points
Well-articulated and substantial advice is provided for where
and how to locate sources.
25 to 27 points
Adequately clear and sufficient advice is provided for where
and how to locate sources.
1 to 24 points
Where and how to locate sources is mentioned, but insufficient
and/or poorly articulated advice on this topic is given.
0 points
Where and how to locate sources is not mentioned.
Evaluating Sources
28 to 30 points
Well-articulated and substantial advice is provided for how to
evaluate a source based on credibility, relevance,
appropriateness, and any other criteria the student deems
important.
25 to 27 points
Adequately clear and sufficient advice is provided for how to
evaluate a source based on credibility, relevance,
appropriateness, and any other criteria the student deems
important.
1 to 24 points
Evaluation of sources is mentioned, but credibility, relevance,

and appropriateness may not all be addressed, and the advice
may be insufficient or poorly articulated.
0 points
Evaluation of sources is not mentioned..
Document Layout
14 to 15 points
Headings, white space, bulleting, and other document features
are used to organize the information in a way that is easily
navigable. The document is 2-2.5 pages.
13 to 13 points
The document may be slightly under 1 or over 2 pages. The
document layout is effective overall, though there may be room
for improvement in some areas.
1 to 12 points
The document may be somewhat under 1 or over 2 pages. The
document layout is adequate but is not user-friendly.
0 points
The document is significantly under 1 or over 2 pages, OR the
document layout seriously impedes usability.
Structure 30%
Advanced
Proficient
Developing
Not Present
Points Earned
Citing Sources
28 to 30 points
Well-articulated and substantial advice is provided for how to
cite sources in the field’s documentation style. Examples of two
or more source types are included.
25 to 27 points
Adequately clear and sufficient advice is provided for how to

cite sources in the field’s documentation style. At least one
example is included.
1 to 24 points
Documentation is mentioned, but the advice may be insufficient
or poorly articulated, and examples may not be provided.
0 points
Documentation is not mentioned.
Works Consulted
14 to 15 points
At the end of the document, a correctly-formatted list of sources
consulted in the creation of the quick guide is provided. This
list includes the style manual for the field.
13 to 13 points
t the end of the document, a list of sources consulted in the
creation of the quick guide is provided. This list includes the
style manual for the field. The list may contain a few formatting
errors.
1 to 12 points
At the end of the document, a list of sources consulted in the
creation of the quick guide is provided. This list may not
include the style manual for the field. The list may contain
numerous and/or significant formatting errors.
0 points
No Works Consulted list is present.
Total
/150
Instructor's Comments:
Page 2 of 2
ENGL 602
Writing in Your Field Project Final Grading Rubric
Criteria
Levels of Achievement

Content 70%
Advanced
Proficient
Developing
Not Present
Points Earned
Purpose
23 to 25 points
The purpose for writing is clearly seen in the piece. If the genre
calls for a thesis statement, research question, or other explicit
statement of purpose, it is included in the appropriate place.
21 to 22 points
The purpose for writing is discernible in the piece. If the genre
calls for a thesis statement, research question, or other explicit
statement of purpose, it is included, though not necessarily in
the appropriate place.
1 to 20 points
The purpose for writing is not clearly stated, but it is somewhat
discernible. If the genre calls for a thesis statement, research
question, or other explicit statement of purpose, it is missing or
difficult to identify.
0 points
The purpose for writing is entirely unclear.
Content
46 to 50 points
Ideas, reasoning, and use of sources all contribute to a strong
product that fulfills the purpose for writing.
42 to 45 points
Ideas, reasoning, and use of sources all contribute to an
adequate product that mostly fulfills the purpose for writing.
1 to 41 points
Ideas, reasoning, and use of sources may be lacking, but the
content at least partly fulfills the purpose for writing.
0 points
The content is insufficient, illogical, and/or poorly supported,

and it does not fulfill the purpose for writing.
Organization
37 to 40 points
Information is organized in a way that is logical and readable
and that conforms to the expectations of the genre. The project
is 11-13 pages.
34 to 36 points
Information is organized in a way that is, overall, logical and
readable and that mostly conforms to the expectations of the
genre. The project is 11-13 pages or very close to that range.
1 to 33 points
The organization of the piece may be confusing or somewhat
illogical, but it can be discerned. It shows an inadequate attempt
to conform to the expectations of the genre. The piece may be
more than a page outside the required range.
0 points
The piece has no discernible organizational scheme, OR it is
significantly under 11 or over 13 pages.
Formatting
23 to 25 points
The document is formatted according to the conventions of the
chosen genre. This category may include spacing, font,
headings, the absence or presence of special sections such as a
title page or table of contents, etc.
21 to 22 points
The document is mostly formatted according to the conventions
of the chosen genre.
1 to 20 points
A recognizable attempt is made to conform to the formatting
conventions of the chosen genre.
0 points
The document formatting is entirely inappropriate to the genre.
Structure 30%

Advanced
Proficient
Developing
Not Present
Points Earned
Style and Mechanics
28 to 30 points
The writing is professional in tone and style, with few to no
errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling. “Professional” is
defined according to the field and the context (e.g., it may be
appropriate for a pastor to use an informal tone in a sermon).
25 to 27 points
The writing is mostly professional in tone and style, with some
errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
1 to 24 points
The writing is somewhat unprofessional in tone and style, with
frequent errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
0 points
The tone and style are entirely unprofessional, OR errors are
frequent and significant enough to seriously impede readability.
Documentation
28 to 30 points
At least 8 sources are used and cited correctly (in-text and at
the end) in the documentation style most commonly used in the
field.
25 to 27 points
Five to seven sources are used, and some errors in citation may
be present.
1 to 24 points
Fewer than five sources are used, and errors in citation may be
frequent.
0 points
No sources are cited in-text and/or at the end.
Total

/200
Instructor's Comments:
Page 1 of 2
ENGL 602
Annotated Bibliography Instructions
This is step 2 of the process that will culminate in the Writing
in Your Field Project (final product). Before you start this
assignment, read the feedback on your Writing in Your Field
Project: Proposal that you received from your instructor (in the
rubric and other grading comments, as well as any feedback you
may have received by email) and your classmates (in Discussion
Board Forum 2). (Feedback is already added in the Question
Post)
Feedback:I'm a little confused about your genre, since you
identified it as "descriptive copywriting" in the first paragraph
but as a research paper in the last paragraph.
For this assignment, you are required to cite at least 15 sources
that you plan to use in the Writing in Your Field Project. (Of
course, you may add or delete sources between this assignment
and the final project, but at this stage you should be trying your
best to find sources that will be useful in the final project.)
Organize the sources in alphabetical order. For each Annotated
Bibliography entry, first cite the source the way you would cite
it in the reference list or its equivalent in your field. (Even
though this assignment is called a bibliography, use reference
list formatting if you’re using APA and works cited formatting
if you’re using MLA.) Then write a half-page paragraph (200-
250 words) that briefly 1) summarizes the source (the summary
should be the shortest part of the paragraph, no more than 2
sentences), 2) evaluates it (considering factors such as
credibility, timeliness, and acceptability in the field), and 3)
explains how you plan to use the source in your project. You do

not need a separate reference list at the end of the assignment.
There are no restrictions on the types of sources you can use;
instead, think about the kinds of sources that will best help you
accomplish your research goal and that would be accepted in the
field you chose. These will not necessarily always be academic,
peer-reviewed sources. You might use newspaper reports,
popular non-fiction books, interviews, personal correspondence,
or tweets. If you are not sure how to cite some of these less-
common sources and cannot find information in the most recent
manual of the documentation style you are using, talk to your
instructor.
Before you submit your proposal, use the rubric as a checklist
to make sure you have addressed all necessary parts of the
assignment.
ENGL 602
Annotated Bibliography Grading Rubric
Criteria
Levels of Achievement
Content 70%
Advanced
Proficient
Developing
Not Present
Points Earned
Number of Citations
14 to 15 points
At least 15 sources are cited.
13 to 13 points
Eight to 12 sources are cited.
1 to 12 points
One to five sources are cited.
0 points

No sources are cited.
Correct Citations
28 to 30 points
The sources are correctly cited according to the documentation
style of the chosen field.
25 to 27 points
The student has made a recognizable attempt to cite the sources
according to the chosen documentation style, but some errors
are present.
1 to 24 points
Errors are serious enough that it is difficult to identify the
documentation style.
0 points
The sources are not cited in any consistent manner.
Summary
28 to 30 points
Each source is very briefly summarized. This summary is no
more than 2 sentences.
25 to 27 points
The summary is too long in comparison to the rest of the
annotation.
1 to 24 points
The summary is inadequate or misses the point.
0 points
The sources have not been summarized.
Evaluation
28 to 30 points
Each source is evaluated, considering credibility, timeliness,
and acceptability in the field, among other relevant factors. The
evaluation is longer than the summary.
25 to 27 points
The article is evaluated, but credibility, timeliness, and
acceptability in the field are not all addressed.

1 to 24 points
The evaluation is shallow or ignores all three of the listed
factors (credibility, timeliness, and acceptability in the field)
and other relevant factors.
0 points
The sources have not been evaluated.
Structure 30%
Advanced
Proficient
Developing
Not Present
Points Earned
Explanation of Use
28 to 30 points
How this source may be used in the final project is described in
one to two sentences of specific detail.
25 to 27 points
How this source may be used in the final project is described
vaguely or inadequately.
1 to 24 points
The student mentions that the source will be useful in the final
project but does not explain how.
0 points
The source's use in the final project is not mentioned.
Style and Mechanics
14 to 15 points
The writing is professional in tone and style, with few to no
errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
13 to 13 points
There are some errors and/or inappropriate tone choices.
1 to 12 points
There are significant errors and/or inappropriate tone choices.
0 points

Either the tone of the writing is entirely inappropriate to the
task or there are so many errors as to seriously impede
readability.
Total
/150
Instructor's Comments:
Page 2 of 2
ENGL 602
Writing in Your Field Project: Final Product Instructions
This is the assignment that the Project Proposal and Annotated
Bibliography have been leading to. Before you start writing it,
read your instructor’s grading feedback on the Annotated
Bibliography, along with any other feedback your instructor
may have given by email, etc. In addition, since this is a
lengthy assignment, you should not wait long to begin
composing it.
You will produce an 11-13-page piece of research-based writing
in a genre commonly used in the workplace in a field you are
either currently working in or planning to enter. This product
can be in any genre that involves research and could logically
fit within the limits of 11-13 pages of writing: empirical article,
lesson plan, sermon, case study, proposal, SWOT analysis,
literature review, report, journalistic article, grant application,
observational narrative, presentation script, or any other genre
approved by the instructor. The project may include tables,
figures, embedded videos, and other media appropriate to the
genre. However, at least 75% (a rough estimate) of the
document must consist of written text.
Some genres typically call for a thesis statement, research
question, or hypothesis at the beginning of the piece; others do

not. Regardless of the genre you are writing in, the instructor
should be able to discover your purpose for writing (even if this
does not appear until the end of the piece) and evaluate whether
or not you have fulfilled this purpose.
You are required to use (quote, paraphrase, summarize, or
otherwise use ideas from) at least 8 sources (which means you
do not have to use all 15 of the sources in the Annotated
Bibliography). Although many of the above-listed genres (such
as a sermon) normally do not provide visible citations of
sources, in this assignment you are required to show your
research by citing sources both in-text (through parenthetical
citations, footnotes, etc.) and in a reference
list/bibliography/works cited page at the end, according to the
documentation style most commonly used in the field in which
you are writing. However, you do not need to follow the
formatting requirements (e.g., spacing, title pages, etc.) for an
academic paper in that documentation style. Rather, follow the
formatting conventions typically used for the genre you are
writing in. If you don’t know what those conventions are, look
for a guide or template online. Ask your instructor if you need
help.
Please note that the range of 11-13 pages applies only to the
body of the paper. The reference list/bibliography/works cited
does not count toward the page total, nor does any “front
matter” (title page, abstract, etc.).
Before you submit your proposal, use the rubric as a checklist
to make sure you have addressed all necessary parts of the
assignment.
Running head: MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
IN DIGITAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS

1
MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN DIGITAL
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS
2
Managing Technological Innovation in Digital Business
Environments
Name
Institution
The topic of my choice is managing technological innovation in
digital business environments. I have chosen this topic because
I intend to get an employment in one of the busy organizations
where I can manage technological innovation. The genre style
for my writing will be descriptive copywriting. One way to do
this is by describing, succinctly and briefly. It creates a vivid
picture more powerful than bare facts, and assists the make
important led- buying decision.
Innovation play a critical role in assisting businesses to sustain
and grow their market shares. It takes place in dissimilar
functions and parts of the business and it is significant to
understand the best way to create and manage it effectively.
Digital technologies have been regularly used in business and
this has led to digitized workplace that demand the need to
invent to remain at the top in market (Kay & Willman, 2018).
Digitizing places of work has played key role in changing the
way business is usually managed and this has similarly affected
how innovation must be managed and embraced in such a novel
business atmosphere. Therefore, the best way to understand
technological innovation in digital business atmosphere I need

to understand how technology has been shaping business world.
The reason for choosing technological innovation in digital
business environments is that business owners play a critical
role in the identification and application of new technologies.
By investing in initiatives that permit them to deliver efficient
and effective services and products, they discover innovative
solutions to complex challenges. Successful innovation using
the technology needs collaboration, expert project management,
planning and execution. Worldwide competition and rigorous
demand to bring commodities to market very fast affect
decisions.
This research will be organized by first providing the
background of the technological innovation in digital business
environments. Technology innovation moves very fast and does
not adhere to yearly review as well as financing schedule that
many companies. This makes it hard for firms to make decisions
which transformational technology to adopt, how to incorporate
them and even replace the systems. Next would be to provide
literature review based on the previous researches that have so
far been conducted. Then literature review is followed by
research methodology, and data analysis them conclusion and
recommendations. According to Haddud, McAllen & DeSouza
(2018), an effectual strategy that helps in managing technology
and innovation normally involves using comprehensive analysis
instruments. These tools help to ensure that the group can
manage the risks to reduce negative impact and utilize
opportunities. they similarly use decision support instruments
like force field analysis and impact analysis to assess possible
results and choose the best solution to the problem.
Betz (2003) states that the internet offers an opportunity for
owners of the business to easily link up with other
entrepreneurs and learn by sharing techniques, tricks and tips.
Using social media technologies like forums and blogs, the
innovators find the innovation to solve problems. Based on
this, managing technology and innovation tends to be an
iterative procedure that need input from talented people.

The types of sources that I intend to use would come from
online and local libraries. The use of books, published theses,
scholarly journals, peer reviews on the subject matter would be
the greatest place to start. I also found primary resources like
Apple Inc company, Unilever that makes reference practical. If
I get enough resources and time, I would visit the two firms to
identify current technological innovations. Lastly, this research
will be used or presented as a research paper.
References
Betz, F. (2003). Managing technological innovation:
competitive advantage from change. John Wiley & Sons.
Haddud, A., McAllen, D. K., & DeSouza, A. R. (2018).
Managing Technological Innovation in Digital Business
Environments. In Marktorientiertes Produkt-und
Produktionsmanagement in digitalen Umwelten (pp. 47-60).
Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden.
Kay, J., & Willman, P. (2018). Managing technological
innovation: Architecture, trust and organizational relationships
in the firm. In New Technologies and the Firm (pp. 19-35).
Routledge.