7. Introduction to DBMS - OBJECTIVES Computer Terminals Printer DBMS Application Program Database Data Dictionary/Directory User Programmer/Analyst Administrator hardware, software, data and people
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14. a) Program-data dependence is the close relationship between data stored in files and the software programs that update and maintain those files.
15. Program-data dependency ... Any change in data organisation or format requires a change in all the programs associated with those files. e.g. Payroll dept. use a data file containing information on employee names, addresses and salaries .