Integumentary System

Copyright ©2011 All rights reserved.Florida State College of Jacksonville | Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS
Dermatology | Dermatologist
Medical Terminology for Health Professionals
Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS
“When all the fields around lay bound and hoar,
Beneath a thick integument of snow.”
Henry David Thoreau
(1877-1862), US Author
Integumentary System
ETYMOLOGY
Integument comes from
a Latin word meaning
a covering

Learning Objectives
1. Identify the structures of the integumentary system.
2. Describe the process of an allergic reaction.
3. Describe common integumentary diseases and conditions,
laboratory and diagnostic procedures, medical and surgical
procedures, and drug categories.
4. Give the medical meaning of word parts related to the
integumentary system.
5. Build integumentary words from word parts and divide and define
integumentary words.
6. Spell and pronounce integumentary words.
7. Give the medical meaning of word parts related to the
integumentary system.
8. Build integumentary words from word parts and divide and define
integumentary words.

Dermatology
• The medical specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of
the integumentary system and uses diagnostic tests, medical and
surgical procedures, and drugs to treat integumentary diseases.
DID YOU KNOW
The skin is the largest
organ in the body.
Every minute, you shed
Between 30,000 and
40,000 dead skin cells
from you body. Over the
course of your lifetime,
you will have shed 40
pounds of skin.

Anatomy and Physiology
• The integumentary system consists of the skin (epidermis and
dermis), sebaceous glands, hair, and nails.
• Protects the body and is the first line of defense against invading
microorganisms
• Includes the sense of touch
DID YOU KNOW
If your skin could be
laid flat, it would cover
about the area of a
billiard table.
ETYMOLOGY
Dermis comes from a
Greek word meaning
skin.
__________________
Collagen comes from
a Greek word meaning
glue.

Anatomy of the Integumentary System (con't)
• Epidermis
– This is the thin, outermost layer of the skin.
– It contains cells that have no nuclei and are
filled with keratin, a hard, fibrous protein.
– These cells form a protective layer, but they are
dead cells, so they are constantly being shed or
sloughed off in the process known as
exfoliation.

Anatomy of the Integumentary System
• Skin consists of two different layers:
– The epidermis is categorized as epithelial tissue and covers the external
surface of the body.
– The epidermis also includes the mucous membranes that line the walls
of internal cavities that connect to the outside of the body.
– The dermis is categorized as connective tissue.

• Epidermis
– The deepest part (basal layer) of the epidermis is composed of living
cells that are constantly dividing and being forced to the surface
(exfoliation).
– Does not contain any blood vessels; it receives nutrients and oxygen
from the blood vessels in the dermis

• Epidermis
– Contains melanocytes, pigment cells that produce melanin, a dark
brown or black pigment that absorbs ultraviolet light from the sun to
protect the DNA in skin cells from undergoing genetic mutations

Epidermis and dermis

Anatomy of the Integumentary System (con't)
• Dermis
– A thicker layer beneath the epidermis
– Contains collagen fibers (firm, white protein) and elastin fibers (elastic,
yellow protein)
– Contains arteries, veins, and neurons (nerve cells), as well as hair
follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands
– A dermatome is a specific area on the skin that sends sensory
information to the spinal cord.

Dermatomes of the body

• Sebaceous and Sweat Glands
– Sebaceous glands are a type of exocrine
gland in the dermis that secrete sebum
through a duct into a hair follicle.
– Also known as oil glands.
– Sweat glands are also exocrine glands.
– Sweat contains water, sodium, and small
amounts of body waste (urea, ammonia,
creatinine).

• Sebaceous and Sweat Glands
– Sweat glands help to regulate the body
temperature.
– The process of sweating and the sweat itself are
both known as perspiration.
– The sweat glands are also known as the
sudoriferous glands.

• Hair
– Covers most of the body
– Additional facial, axillary, and pubic hairs
appear during puberty.
– Forms in a hair follicle in the dermis
– Melanocytes give color to the hair.
– Hair cells are filled with keratin, which
makes the hair shaft strong.
– Usually, the hair lies flat on the surface of
the skin, but when the skin is cold, a tiny
erector muscle at the base of the hair
follicle contracts and causes the hair to
stand up (piloerection).

• Nails
– Cover and protect the distal ends of the
fingers and toes
– Each nail consists of a nail plate, nail bed,
cuticle, lunula, and nail root.

• Subcutaneous Tissues (hypodermis)
– A loose, connective tissue directly
beneath the dermis of the skin
– Composed of adipose tissue or fat that
contains lipocytes (fat-storing cells)
– Provides a layer of insulation to conserve
internal body heat
– Can be thin or as thick as several inches
– Subcutaneous layer also acts as a
cushion to protect the bones and internal
organs

Physiology of an Allergic Reaction
• An allergy or allergic reaction
is a hypersensitivity response
to certain types of antigens
known as allergens.
• Allergens include cells from
plant and animal sources
(foods, pollens, molds, animal
dander), as well as dust,
chemicals, and drugs.

• The basis of all allergic
reactions is the release of
histamine from basophils in
the blood and mast cells in the
connective tissue.
• A local reaction occurs when
an allergen touches the skin or
mucous membranes of a
hypersensitive individual
• Histamine causes redness
(inflammation), swelling
(edema), irritation, and itching.

• A systemic reaction occurs when allergens are inhaled or
ingested by, or injected into, a hypersensitive person, causing
symptoms in several body systems.
• Histamine constricts the bronchioles, dilates the blood vessels
throughout the body, and causes hives on the skin.

• Anaphylaxis is a severe systemic allergic reaction that can be life
threatening; it is also known as anaphylactic shock.
http://www.scripps.org/articles/3563-anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis Animation
Watch the Video in the Course Content

Diseases and Conditions
• General
– Dermatitis
– Edema
– Hemorrhage
– Lesion
edema

Inflammation Video
Watch the Inflammation Video in the Course Content.

Edema

Types of skin lesions.
ETYMOLOGY
Lesion comes from a
Latin word meaning to
injure.
Cyst comes from a
Greek word meaning
bladder of fluid filled
sac.
Macule comes from a
Latin word meaning a
spot.
Papule comes from a
Latin word meaning
pimple.
Pustule comes from a
Latin word meaning
little pimple containing
pus.
Benign comes from a
Latin word meaning
kind, not cancerous.

• Changes in Skin Color
– Albinism
– Cyanosis
– Erythema
– Jaundice
– Necrosis
– Pallor
– Vitiligo
Necrosis and pallo
Meyer/Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc
Vitiligo
© Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.

Figure 7-8 Vitiligo
© Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.

• Skin Injuries
– Abrasion
– Blister
– First-degree burn
– Second-degree burn
– Third-degree burn
– Callus
– Cicatrix

Burns – Rule of Nines
Rule of Nines …
A method for determining percentage
of body burned. Each differently
colored section represents 9% of the
body surface.

Figure 7-9 Second-degree burn of the hand
Logical Images, Inc.

Burn Animation
Back to Directory

Figure 7-10 Keloid
Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.

• Skin Injuries
– Decubitus ulcer
– Excoriation
– Laceration
Laceration
Decubitus ulcer

Decubitus Ulcer Video

Diseases and Condition
• Skin Infections
– Abscess
– Cellulitis
– Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1
– Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2
– Herpes whitlow
– Herpes varicella-zoster
 Shingles
Cellulitis Herpes
GenitalHerpes
http://www.howdoeslooklike.com/what-does-herpes-look-like/

Figure 7-13 Shingles
Gill/Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.

• Skin Infections
– Tinea
 Tinea capitis
 Tinea corporis
 Tinea cruris
 Tinea pedis
– Verruca
Tinea pedis
SPL/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Verruca

• Skin Infestations
– Pediculosis
– Scabies

• Allergic Skin Conditions
– Contact dermatitis
– Urticaria
UrticariaContact dermatitis
Do you know the difference in the terms ?

Figure 7-15 Severe contact dermatitis
SPL/Photo Researchers, Inc.

• Benign Skin Markings and Neoplasms
– Actinic keratoses
– Freckle
– Hemangioma
– Lipoma
– Nevus
NevusActinic keratoses
Freckle

Strawberry hemangioma, a birthmark caused by a collection of blood vessels in the
skin. (H.C. Robinson/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.)

Figure 7-17 Nevus

• Benign Skin Markings and Neoplasms
– Papilloma
– Premalignant skin lesions
– Senile lentigo
– Syndactyly
– Xanthoma
Senile lentigo

Figure 7-19 Syndactyly

• Malignant Neoplasms of the Skin
– Cancer of the skin
 Basal cell carcinoma
 Malignant melanoma
 Squamous cell carcinoma
– Kaposi’s sarcoma
(ISM/Phototake NYC)
Kaposi’ssarcoma
ZevaOelbaum/PeterArnold,Inc.
Malignant melanoma
Basal cell carcinoma

Skin Cancer Video
Back to Directory

• Autoimmune Diseases with Skin Symptoms
– Psoriasis
– Scleroderma
– Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Psoriasis
NMSB/Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.

Figure 7-22 Psoriasis
NMSB/Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.

• Diseases of the Sebaceous Glands
– Acne vulgaris
– Acne rosacea
– Seborrhea

Comparison of Acne Vulgaris and Acne Rosacea
rosacea vulgaris

Acne Video
Back to Directory

Diseases and ConditionS
• Diseases of the Sweat Glands
– Anhidrosis
– Diaphoresis
What is the difference
between these 2 terms ?

• Diseases of the Hair
– Alopecia
– Folliculitis
– Hirsutism
– Pilonidal sinus
Hirsutism
Alopecia

Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Diseases of the Nails
– Clubbing
– Onychomycosis
– Paronychia
Onychomycosis
Logical Images, Inc./Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc

Figure 7-25 Onychomycosis
Logical Images, Inc./Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.

Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures
• Allergy skin testing
SIU/Photo Researchers, Inc.

Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedure
• Culture and sensitivity
• RAST
• Skin scraping
• Tzanck test
• Wood’s lamp or light
Tzanck smear test
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190962209005106
Skin scraping
•Culture and sensitivity

Medical and Surgical Procedures
• Medical Procedures
– Botox injections
– Collagen injections
– Cryosurgery
Collageninjections
Cryosurgery
Botox injections

Figure 7-27 Botox injection
Suzanne Dunn/The Image Works

– Curettage
– Debridement
– Electrosurgery
– Incision and drainage (I&D)
http://youtu.be/LL-4NDj0Cyg
Incision and drainage (I&D)
Incisional Wound Debridement (before and after)
Electrosurgery

– Laser surgery
– Skin examination
Skin examination
AJ Photo/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Laser surgery

– Skin resurfacing
 Chemical peel
 Dermabrasion
 Laser skin resurfacing
 Microdermabrasion
– Suturing
Layered closure with sutures

• Surgical Procedures
– Biopsy (Bx)
 Excisional biopsy
 Incisional biopsy
 Needle aspiration
 Punch biopsy
• Uses a needle to aspirate the fluid contents in a cyst
 Shave biopsy
• Uses a circular metal cutter to remove a plug-shaped core that includes
the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue

– Dermatoplasty
– Liposuction
word parts:
dermat/o
-plasty
lip/o
-suct
-ion
Liposuction
James King-Holmes/D. Mercer/Photo Researchers, Inc

– Mohs’ surgery
– Rhytidectomy

– Skin grafting
 Autograft
 Allograft
 Xenograft
 Synthetic skin grafts

Figure 7-31 Skin grafts
Courtesy Martin R. Eichelberger, M.D., Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC

Drug Categories
These categories of drugs are used to treat integumentary
diseases and conditions:
Anesthetic drugs
Antibiotic drugs
Antifungal drugs
Antipruritic drugs
Antiviral drugs
Coal tar drugs
Corticosteroid drugs
Drugs for alopecia
Drugs for infestations
Photodynamic therapy (PDT)
Psoralen drugs
Vitamin A-type drugs

Subcutaneous injection

Abbreviations

Integumentary System

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