1.
Referencing Style
Created
by
Wajiha khan

2.
Referencing style
A referencing style is a specific format for
presenting in-text references (footnotes or
endnotes).
It is an act of referring.
 also specifies bibliography.

3.
What is referencing style ??
Referencing means acknowledging someone else’s work
or ideas.
It is sometimes called ‘citing’ or ‘documenting’ another
person’s work.
It is a basic research requirement.
It is mandatory for all students to cite or acknowledge
information that has come from other sources.

4.
Objective of referencing style
Study of different styles of referencing used all
over the world.
Get the appropriate format of reference or
presenting.
Know the difference between different styles used.
Know the background of the work.

5.
Without appropriate referencing students are in
effect “stealing” the work of others - this is
equivalent to academic fraud.
The action of mentioning or alluding to something
important.
The use of a source of information in order to
determine something.

6.
 It is a standardized method of formatting the
information sources you have used in your
assignments or research work. Any given
referencing style serves two purposes:
acknowledge the source.
allows the reader to access the source.

7.
Why to reference ??
Proves that significant research has been done to
support our analysis .
Enables others to follow up on our work .
Gives credit to other people's work .

8.
Avoids plagiarism.
Support all significant argument of the
documents.
Used to indicate the background study of topic &
source for research & further reading.

9.
Types of references
Journal Reference
Book Reference
Internet Reference

10.
Reference Elements
 Authors name
 Article title
 Journal name
 Year
 Volume
 Page numbers

11.
Different styles of writing references
Harvard style of referencing.
American Psychological Association style (APA)
MLA citation style (modern language association).
The Chicago manual of style .

12.
Harvard style of referencing
The most commonly used style of referencing worldwide. It is
also known as the author-date style as each reference cited
is characterised by the author's name and the publication
date.
 Author’s name followed by its initials.
 Year of publication.
 Article title with single quotation mark followed by full stop.
 Name of Journal in italic form.

13.
 Volume followed by a comma
 Issue no. in bracket.
 Page no.
o Example
 Padda, J. (2003) ‘creative writing in coventry'. Journal of
writing studies 3 (2), 44-59.
 Lennernas, H. (1995) ‘Experimental estimation of the effective
unstirred water layer thickness in the human jejunum & its
importance in oral drug absorption’. Eur. J. pharm
sci (3), 247-253.

14.
American Psychological Association style
(APA)
This style is widely used in the social sciences, since
the style is well-suited to quantitative studies and
analysis.
Author’s name followed by its initials.
Year of publication.
Article title followed by full stop.
Name of Journal in italic form

15.
Volume followed by a comma
Page no.
o Example
 Alibali, M. W., Phillips, K. M., & Fischer, A. D.
(2009). Learning new problem-solving strategies
leads to changes in problem representation.
Cognitive Development, 24, 89-101.

16.
MLA citation style
(modern language association )
This style is widely used in the humanities, since the
style is well-suited to literature and archival
sources.
Authors name.
 Title of article.
 Name of journal.
 Volume number followed by decimal & issue no.

17.
 Year of publication.
 Page numbers.
 Medium of publication.
o Example
 Matarrita-Cascante, David. "Beyond Growth:
Reaching Tourism-Led Development." Annals of
Tourism Research 37.4 (2010): 1141-63. Print

18.
The Chicago manual of style
 The Chicago Manual of Style itself is an
encyclopedic reference book which spans a wide
range of topics about American English from
grammar and punctuation to bookmaking.

19.
 A new edition of the manual is released
once approximately every 10 years by the
University of Chicago Press and is currently
in its 16th release.
 The Chicago Manual of Style source citation
guidelines used in academic writing make
up a small but very important and well-
known portion of that major reference
work.

20.
 Name of author.
 Article title in double quotation mark.
 Title of journal in italic.
 Volume.
 Year of publication.
 Page no.
 Example
 Joshua I. Weinstein, “The Market in Plato’s ” Classical
Philology, 104 (2009): 440.

21.
Difference between Reference List and
Bibliography
Reference list – a list of sources we have cited in
our text arranged in the order they appeared
within the text.
 It is usually put at the end of our work but it can
also appear as a footnote (at the bottom of the
page), or endnote (at the end of each chp.) which
serves a similar purpose.

22.
Bibliography –
A separate list of sources we have
consulted but not specifically cited in our
work including background reading.
 It is arranged alphabetically by the
author's surname.

23.
Conclusion
We conclude that there are many standard style used
for referencing, we can use any one of them.
It gives us a standard format of presenting or
reference.
Supports significant statement and helps to know
the origin of work.
Plagiarism can be avoided.

24.
Any Question???