4. Six Sigma scale of Defects. Defects values in the above tables suggests that as sigma level goes up defect rate reduces which means product quality improves. 93.32 99.379 99.9767 99.999966 66,807 621 233 3.4 3 4 5 6 Product Optima (%) Defects (per million) Sigma

7. Different Six Sigma Belts

9. Example: Dabbawalas. “ IF THE LOCAL TRAINS ARE THE LIFELINE OF THE CITY,DABBAWALAS ARE THE FOOD LINE.”

10. Why Six Sigma and not TQM? Driven internally Focuses on outcomes Fixes defects Improves bottom line Customer Driven Focuses on processes Prevents defects Improves overall efficiency Six Sigma Total Quality Management

17. -4 to 8 1.4 R Earnings / Assets R. Earnings To Assets -4 to 8 1.2 Working capital /Assets Working Capital To Total Assets. -4 to 8 0.6 M.V Equity /Liabilities Equity To Debt Ratio -4 to 8 0.999 = 1 Sales/Assets Sales To Total Assets -4 to 8 3.3 EBIT/Assets Return On Total Asset Weighted Ratio. Weight Factor Formula Ratio

19. Z-score = 0.2261+0.1711+0.156+0.429+0.140 = 1.1762 Weight Factor Calculation FORMULA 0.140 0.1006* 1.4 2350/23350 Retained Earnings/Assets 0.483 0.402* 1.2 9400/23350 W. capital/Assets 0.156 0.26* 0.6 3900/15000 M.V of Equity/Liabilities 0.1711 0.171* 0.99 4000/23350 Sales /Assets 0.2261 0.068 * 3.3 1600/23350 EBIT/Assets

25. Example of Virtuous Business Cycle.

26. Example Of Vicious Business Cycle

28. THANK YOU