3. BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION
WHAT IT IS ?
Borders are long,
uniformly graded strips of
land , seperated by earth
bunds.
4. BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION
WHAT IT IS ?
In contrast to basin irrigation these bunds are not to contain the
water for ponding but to guide it as it flows down the field.
In contrast to furrows these bunds are prevents lateral movement
of water within the bunds where as furrows are provided for lateral
percolation of the water in the sub soil directly.
5. BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION
WHEN it USED ?
Larger merchanized farms
Where machines operations are involved in agriculture
Less suited to small scale farms involving hand labour or animal
powered cultivation methods.
Uniform slope(min. 0.05% and max. 2% slope)
Deep homogenous loam or clay of medium infiltration rate.
For close growing crops
6. BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION
DESIGN ASPECTS
Border layout
The dimensions and shape of borders are influenced by the
soil type,
stream size,
slope,
irrigation depth and
other factors such as farming practices and field or
farm size.
9. BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION
IRRIGATING BORDERS
BORDERS ARE IRRIGATED BY DIVERTING A STREAM OF WATER
FROM THE CHANNEL TO THE UPPER END OF THE BORDER.
ON CLAY SOILS(INFLOW STOPPED AT 60% OF THE BORDER)
ON LOAMY SOILS(IT IS AT 70% - 80% OF BORDER)
ON SANDY SOILS(ENTIRE BORDER COVERED)
12. BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION
CROSS-SLOPE OF BORDER
if the land is not properly graded
and there is a cross-slope,the
irrigation water will not spread
evenly over the field.
it will flow down the slope always
seeking the lowest side of the
border.(as shown in fig.)
13. BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION
MAINTENANCE OF BORDERS
BORDERS ARE KEPT FREE FROM WEEDS.
UNIFORMLY SLOPED BORDERS
FREQUENT BUND REPAIRATION
CHANNEL AND DRAINS ARE TO BE WEEDED REGULARLY
15. CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION
WHAT IT IS ?
Check basins are
rectangular or square
small plots surrounded by
levees or checks.
16. CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION
WHEN It USED ?
Crops roots which required submergence in water for periods
longer than 24 hours.
i.e.Potatoes,beet,carrots,rise,citrus,banana,clover, tobacco.
The flatter the land surface,the easy to construct basins.
It is also possible to construct basins on sloping land,even when
the slope is quite steep.
17. CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION
DESIGN ASPECTS
BASIN LAYOUT
Basin layout not only refers to the shape and size of the basins
but also to the shape and size of the bunds.
♠ What is the shape of the basin : Square,rectangular or irregular ?
♠ How high should be the bund be : 10,50 or 100cm?
♠ What is the shape of bund?
18. CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION
SHAPE AND SIZE OF BASINS
♠ BASIN WIDTH
Main limitation of basin width is land
slope.
(Steep slope then narrow basins)
Factors affect basin width
1)depth of fertile soil
2)method of basin construction
3)agricultural practices
19. CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION
SHAPE AND SIZE OF BASINS
♠ BASIN SIZE
Main limitation of basin width is land slope.
(Steep slope then narrow basins)
Factors affect basin SIZE
1)soil type
2)available water flow to the basin
3)land slope
21. CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION
WHAT IS BUNDS ?
Bunds are earth embankments which contain irrigation water
within basins.
They are sometimes called ridges,dykes,or levees.
The height is governed by
1) irrigation depth
2) free board
29. CHECK BASIN IRRIGATION
MAINTENANCE OF BASINS
Erosion control is made which may be caused by
rainfall,flooding or the passing of people when used as footpaths
Rats may dig holes in the sides of the bunds.
Levelling of basins also required at regular time.
31. FURROW IRRIGATION
WHAT IT IS ?
Furrows are small,parallel
channels,made to carry
water in order to irrigate
the crop.
The crop is usually grown
on the ridges between the
furrows.
32. FURROW IRRIGATION
WHEN IT USED ?
Furrow irrigation is suitable for many crops,especially row crops.
Crops that would be damaged if their stems or crown should be
irrigated by furrows.
I.E. Maize,sunflower,sugarcane,soybean,tomatoes,wheat,
Vegetables,potatoes,citrus,grapes
Land slope does not exceed 0.5%.
33. FURROW IRRIGATION
DESIGN ASPECTS
FURROW LAYOUT
♠ FURROW LENGTH
( CLAY: 300 TO 400 m
SAND: 60 to 300 m )
1) SLOPE
2) SOIL TYPE
3) STREAM SIZE
4) IRRIGATION DEPTH
5) FIELD LENGTH
38. FURROW IRRIGATION
DESIGN ASPECTS
♠ FURROW SIZE
For low permeability of soils
wide and shallow furrow is preferred.
For highly permeable soils
narrow and deep furrows is provided.
Furrows of 75mm to 125 mm depth are provided for ROW
crops.
39. FURROW IRRIGATION
DESIGN ASPECTS
FURROW LAYOUT
♠ FURROW SPACING
1) SOIL TYPE
SANDY (30-60 cm,
30 cm for coarse and
60 cm for sand)
CLAY
(75-150 cm)
Normally 1 m-2 m is provided
50. FURROW IRRIGATION
MAINTENANCE OF furrows
water should be reach the d/s end of all furrows is regularly
checked.
There should be no dry places or spots where water stays
ponding.
Overtopping of ridges should not occur.
Field channels and drains should be kept free from weeds.
