SAR Project

1. SAR Products/Solutions and Services Technical Support by GISTDA
Dr. Anuphao Aobpaet
(anuphao@eoc.gistda.or.th)
Earth Observation Center
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (Public Organization)
SAR Applications Workshop, May 20-23, 2013, GISTDA Bangkhen Office, 196 Phahonyothin, Chatuchak, Bangkok

2. Facilitation : variety set of satellite images ranging from low to very high resolution, optical & radar sensors Medium Resolution
High Resolution Very High Resolution
LANDSAT-5 & 7 (30 m)
IKONOS (1 m)
QUICKBIRD
(0.6 m)
WorldView-1 & 2 (0.5 m)
GeoEye-1
(0.5 m)
RADARSAT-1 & 2 (1-100 m)
ALOS (2.5-100 m)
THEOS (2 m)
TERRA MODIS (250-1000 m) MTSAT http://eo.gistda.or.th/stormtracker/
COSMO-SkyMed 1,2,3,4 (1-100 m)

3. GISTDA : Facilities of ground station
Earth Observation Center (EOC) Lat-Krabang, Bkk.
THEOS Ground Control and Receiving Station Si Racha, Chon Buri

4. GISTDA Ground Stations: simple configuration
http://gcudos.gistda.or.th:8080/cudos

5. The radius of data reception is approximately 2,500 kilometers from Bangkok.
Covering 17 countries
Satellite Data Acquisition and Services

6. RADARSAT-1 AND RADARSAT-2

7. RADARSAT Architecture Interface
CAPPS
Agency Interface
System (AIS)
End User
RADARSAT-2 SOA
Product
Generation
System (PGS)
Direct Archive
System
(DAS)
Antenna and
Control
System
(CFE)
Catalog and User
Data Order
System (CUDOS)
Operator
Archive
Management
System
(AMS)
Archive
Retrieval
Dialogue
RADARSAT-2,
RADARSAT-1
GPS
X-band
Downlink
data
GPS time
signal
RADARSAT-2/1
Serial ECL
Baseband
Signal Data
Recording
Control Dialogue
Station Offline
Archive
Ground Truth
Data Sources
Signal Data
(LT0-5)
Product
Catalog
Update
with
browse
Browse
Catalogue
Acquisition
Coverage
Plan
Order
Dialogue
Product
Order
Acquisition
Planning
Signal Data
Decryption
Keys
Operator
Reception
Planning
Cataloguing
Request
NTP Server
(CFE)
Station time
Signal (NTP)
Order
Authorization
& Update
Acquisition
Cataloguing
System (ACS)
Order
Notification
DEM & GCP
Acquisition
Planning Tool
(APT)
Network Station
Automated
Reporting Tool
(NSART)
Orbit data,
Payload data
Reception
Reports
Decryption
Info
Reception
Control
Dialogue
Orbit data,
Payload data
Advance
Reception Plan,
Reception
Schedule
RADARSAT-2
Order Desk
Purchase
Order
Acquisition
Coverage
Plan
Product
Signal Data
(LT0-4, SDLT)
Source: MDA

8. RADARSAT-2 Products overview

9. RADARSAT-2 Polarization Options per Beam/Mode
Source: http://gs.mdacorporation.com/products/sensor/radarsat2/RS2_Product_Description.pdf

10. Catalogue and Browse System for RADARSAT-1 and RADARSAT-2 (http://gcudos.gistda.or.th:8080/cudos)

11. Product Generation System

12. Products delivery: RADARSAT-2 Wide MF Mode Coverage
Blu-ray disk media

13. COSMO-SkyMed 1, 2 , 3, 4

14. Source: eGEOS
Customer User Terminal Architecture Overview SRI-RACHA SITE

15. Revisitation frequency of Cosmo-SkyMed satellites
Day
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
CSK1
CSK1
CSK3
CSK2
CSK4
8 days
3 days
4 days
1 days

16. COSMO-SkyMed services
COSMO-SkyMed Ground segment system: for programming, acquiring, receiving and processing COSMO-SkyMed data
•CUT system to be installed at GISTDA ground receiving
station at Siracha site
•Near Real Time data acquisition capability
Application Platforms for generation of value added products and service deployment from CSK data
•Application platform System to be installed at GISTDA HQ
•Mean functionalities:
–Disaster assessment for flooding- FLOOD- flood extraction and monitoring
–Land Management- MTC- agricultural &forest monitoring
–Maritime surveillance- TE.M.A.S.- oil spill detection and monitoring
–Data Access and Exploitation Facility: operational procedures implementation, products storage, management and analysis (GeoDatabase)
Source: eGEOS

17. •Retrieving data from catalogue (internal process)
Service Request Definition
Source: eGEOS

18. COSMO Acquisition Modes
SPOTLIGHT
1m resolution, 10x10 Km scenes
STRIPMAP HIMAGE
3m resolution, 40Km swath
STRIPMAP PINGPONG
15m resolution, 30Km swath
SCANSAR WIDE REGION
13x22m resolution, 100Km swath
SCANSAR HUGE REGION
13x38m resolution, 200Km swath
Source: eGEOS

19. COSMO-SkyMed Products
COSMO-SkyMedAcquisitionModeAcquisitionMnemonicNominalResolution(m) SceneSize(kmxkm) PolarizationOptionsSinglePolDualPolHHVVHVVHHH+HVVV+VHHH+VVSpotlight-2S2110x10XXHImageHI340x40(upto40x2000) XXXXPingPongPP1530x30XXXScanSAR-WideWR30(13looks) 100x100XXXXScanSAR-HugeHR100(23looks) 200x200XXXX

20. COSMO processing levels
COSMO Products:
Level 1A: Single-look Complex Slant
Level 1B: Detected Ground Multi-look
Level 1C: Geocoded
Level 1D: Terrain Corrected
•Using Customer’s own supplied DEM
Source: eGEOS

21. An example – Samut Prakan

22. Example: Commercial Synthetic Aperture Radar Satellite Application Guide

23. Area Elevation Derivation
characteristics (vegetation cover and atmospheric effects between
- Use of ascending and descending to get information from both
- One pair ascending, one pair descending required
System Scenar io Acquisition Mod es Polarizat ion Modes Incid ence Angle Comments / Descr ibed Results / Ut ility
Area Elevat ion Der ivat ion
COSMO-SkyMed
DEM from InSAR
Both HImage (HI) and Spotlight-2
modes(S2) can be used.
Depending on the working scenario more
than one couple may be required
HH or VV
Incidence Angle Range: 20 -35
- Image pairs in complex data format required (SCS product).
- Same incidence angle, orbit and polarization required for each
series
- Applicability may be restricted in function of the working scenario
images acquisitions)
possible observation directions
DEM from stereo pairs
(Radargrammetry)
HImage (HI) and Spotlight-2 (S2)
depending on the required scale
HH or VV Full performance range
- Data pair acquired at different incidence angles
- Disparity angles between 15 and 25 recommended
- Small temporal offset will reduce the occurring of changes over the
area of interest
- For best results, minimize temporal offset
- Angular separation of at least 15 recommended
System Scenar io Acquisition Modes Polarizat ion Modes Incidence Angle Comments / Descr ibed Results / Ut ility
RADARSAT
1& 2
DEM from InSAR UW, U, or SLA
All polarizations, but
same within one image
stack
Incidence Angle Range: 20 - 45
- Imagery must be in complex data format.
- The image stack could be as small as two images however more
images results in better DEM accuracy.
- Same incidence angle, orbit (i.e. 24 days apart) and polarization
required.
- Applicability restricted by vegetation cover and atmospheric effects.
- HH polarization preferred.
- Lower resolution beam modes cover a larger area
DEM from stereo pairs
(Radargrammetry)
MFW, MF, UW, or U depending on
vertical resolution
Single Pol.
HH generally preferred
We recommend an incidence angle
of 30 or more and a minimum
angular separation of at least 15
- Two stereo pairs, each pair viewing from different sides of the
terrain
- For best results, minimize temporal offset.
- Lower resolution beam modes cover a larger area

24. Disaster Assessment
Steeperincidenceanglesmaybemorphologyandtargettypeapre-eventimageryalsofromopticalsatellites. -AscendinganddescendingorbitsrequiredmayimproveresultstomoderatewindconditionsHHpolarizationallowbetterland. BaselineSubsetApproach) -Importanceofappropriateorbitdirectiondependingonlocalnumberofimagesformoderatelycoherentareas. -PSIwithorwithoutartificialcornerreflectors,dependingontheSystemScenarioAcquisitionModesPolarizationModesIncidenceAngleComments/DescribedResults /UtilityCOSMO- SkyMedRiskandvulnerabilityassessment(Pre-disaster) Allmodesdependingontherequiredcoverageandspatialaccuracy.Theusageofshortterminterferometriccoupleorseries(one,three,fourdays)issuggestedinordertoimprovefeatureextractioncapabilitySinglepol.(HHorVV) 30 -45 requiredinfunctionofsurface(volume/shape) -MonitoringoftheareaofinterestEarthquakesMainlyHImage(HI)andSpotlight-2(S2) modesSinglepol.HHorVV(mainlybasedontheavailabilityofapre- eventimage) 30 -40 dependingonthedamageassessmentmethodused-Atnearreal-timeconditionsvisualassessmentofthedamagesusing-LongtermmonitoringusingpersistentscattererInterferometrytechniquesorDifferentialInterferometry. FloodingAllmodesdependingontherequiredcoverageSinglepol.HHshowshighercontrastbetweenwaterandlandsurfacesFullperformancerange(first acquisitionavailable)(>30 preferred) -Choiceofpolarizationisbasedonbackscatteringanalysis.Onlowdiscriminationbetweentheflood(calmwater)andthesurroundingLandslidesandunstableslopesHImage(HI)andSpotlight-2modes(SLandHS) SinglepolHHfullperformancerangedependsontheAOIlocation(flat/hillyterrain) -Method:PSI(PersistentScattererInterferometry),SBAS(Short-Long-termtimeserieswithlargenumberofacquisitionsnecessary, especiallyformoderatelycoherentareas. terrain. -Ascendingordescendingorbit,dependingonslopeexposition. -Result:timeseriesofmovements;unit:mmperyear. VolcanoesHImage(HI)andSpotlight-2modes(SLandHS) Singlepol.(HHorVV) 20 -35 dependingonmorphologyandimplementedtechnique-Atnearreal-timeconditions,visualassessmentofthedamagesusingapre-eventimageryalsofromopticalsensors. -LongtermobservationwithhighsamplingrateusingPSI.Large-Result:timeseriesofmovement,unit:mm,cm,peryear. VerticaldisplacementorsubsidenceofinfrastructureHImage(HI),Spotlight-2modes(SLandHS)Singlepol.(HHorVV)Steepincidenceangle-DifferentialInterferometryinareawithhighphasecoherence. consideredAOI. -Result:timeseriesofmovement;unit:mm,cmordmperyear

25. Disaster Assessment
thepathsusedbyrefugees. -TheusageofRGBfalsecolorcompositemadebybothshortterm50 ). persistentscattererInterferometrytechniquesorInterferogramSystemScenarioAcquisitionModesPolarizationModesIncidenceAngleComments/DescribedResults /UtilityPlanningandmanagementofsearchandrescueoperationsSpotlight-2modes(SLandHS)andStripMap(HI).Theusageofshortterminterferometriccoupleorseries(one,three, fourdays)issuggestedinordertoimprovefeatureextractioncapabilitySinglepolarization– choicetobemadedependingontheconsideredapplication30 -45 Steeperincidenceanglesmayberequiredinfunctionofsurfacemorphologyandtargettype(volume/shape) -Mappingofthedamagedurbanandruralzoneshighlightingaccess. -Mappingofthesafezoneswhererefugeecampscanbebuilt. -CoherentChangeDetectioncanindesertareahelpinidentifying-Ascendinganddescendingorbitsdependingonterrainslopesandlongterminterferometriccouple(R:masterSAR-detectedamplitude,G:slaveSAR-detectedamplitude,B:interferometriccoherence)willimprovebothtargetsandchangesdetectionandidentificationRADARSAT1&2Riskandvulnerabilityassessment(pre-disaster) AllmodesdependingontherequiredcoverageandspatialaccuracyDualpolprovidesbest overallresultsSinglePol.HHforbest contrastofvegetationversusman-madeobjectsSinglePol.VVfortextureCrossPol.forspecificvegetationtypesSteepanglestopenetratesparsevegetation(closeto20 );shallowanglesforinformationabout vegetationandterrain(closeto-MonitoringoftheareaofinterestEarthquakesMFW,MF,UW,U,orSLAdependingonsizeoffeaturesandareacoverageSinglePol.HH30 -50 dependingonthedamageassessmentmethodused-DeformationestimationbasedonInterferometricSAR(InSAR) Analysis-Atnearreal-timeconditionsvisualassessmentofthedamagesusingapre-eventimageryalsofromopticalsatellites. -Longtermmonitoringusingdifferentialinterferometryand/orstacking.Highobservationfrequency,ifpossible,shortobservationperiod. -Ascendinganddescendingorbitsrequired. -Unit:cmtodmperdayorevent

26. Disaster Assessment
tomoderatewindconditionsHHpolarizationallowbetterland. -Waterundervegetationcovernotfound(e.g.mangroves,other-Compareagainstarchivedscenetoderivefloodvectors. context-Importanceofappropriateorbitdirectiondependingonlocalaccuracy. consideredAOI. moderatelycoherentareas. SystemScenarioAcquisitionModesPolarizationModesIncidenceAngleComments/DescribedResults /UtilityFloodingAllmodesdependingontherequiredcoverage(SCW,SCN,W,SorFWrecommendedforlargeAOIs) Dualpol(HH/HV) providesbestoverall results,givescompletepicture(e.g.,floodedvegetationareas,nearrangeflooding)withimprovedcontrastfordetectingfloodedareasHVisagoodchoiceforland-waterdiscrimi- nationespeciallyforsmallincidenceangles(<30 ). >30 preferred-Choiceofpolarizationisbasedonbackscatteringanalysis.Onlowdiscriminationbetweentheflood(calmwater)andthesurrounding-Roughsurfacesmaycausemisinterpretationofwaterasvegetation. floodedvegetation). -OverlayfloodvectorsoverarchivedopticalimagetoprovideLandslidesandunstableslopesUW,U,orSLASinglepolHHFullperformancerangedependsontheAOIlocation(flat/hillyterrain) -Method:InSAR-Longtermtimeserieswithlargenumberofacquisitionsnecessary, especiallyformoderatelycoherentareas. terrain. -Ascendingordescendingorbit,dependingonslopeexposition. -Result:timeseriesofmovements;unit:mmtocmperyear. VolcanoesUW,U,orSLASinglePol.HHSteepincidenceangle(20 -30 ) -RADARisusefulforimagingthroughashcloudsduringeruptions. -LongtermobservationwithhighsamplingrateusingInSARtomonitorbulgedevelopment. Addingcornerreflectorsimproves-Result:timeseriesofmovement-MeasurementsinthemmtocmperyearrangeVerticaldisplacementorsubsidenceofinfrastructureF,S,MF,MFW,UW,U,orSLASinglePol.HHFlatareas30 -50 degreesForhillyareas,beamshouldfollowdirectionofmovement-DifferentialInterferometryinareawithhighphasecoherence. -InSARwithorwithoutartificialcornerreflectors,dependingonthe-Longtermobservationwithlargenumberofimages,especiallyin-Result:timeseriesofmovement-Measurementsinthemmtocmperyearrange

27. Disaster Assessment
the paths used by refugees.
- FW and UW offer wider coverage at lower resolution which may be
System Scenar io Acquisition Modes Polarizat ion Modes Incidence Angle Comments / Descr ibed Results / Ut ility
Planning and management of
search and rescue operations
FW, UW, U, or SLA
Single polarization –
choice to be made
depending on the
considered application
Shallow incidence angle (> 35 )
- Mapping of the damaged urban and rural zones highlighting access.
- Mapping of the safe zones where refugee camps can be built.
- Coherent Change Detection can in desert area help in identifying
- Ascending and descending orbits depending on terrain slopes.
required depending on the situation.
Spatial Resolution (X Band Radar): Spotlight-2 1m (S2), HImage 3m-5m (HI), ScanSAR Wide (WR) 30m, ScanSAR Huge (HR) 100m
n Spatial Resolution (C Band Radar): Spotlight A 1m (SLA), Ultra-Fine 3m (U), Wide Ultra-Fine 3m (UW), Multi-Look Fine 8m (MF), Wide Multi-Look Fine 8m (MFW), Fine 8m (F), Wide Fine 8m (FW),
Standard 25m (S), Wide 30m (W), ScanSAR Narrow 50m (SCN), ScanSAR Wide 100m (SCW), Extended High 25m (EH), Extended Low 25m (EL), Fine Quad-Pol 8m (FQ), Wide Fine Quad-Pol 8m (FQW), Standard Quad-Pol
25m (SQ), Wide Standard Quad-Pol 25m (SQW)
COSMO-SkyMed Mean
RADARSATMea

28. Contact Information
User Service and Business Development Office
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
(Public Organization)
E-mail: userservice@gistda.or.th
www.gistda.or.th