2009 N Level Revision Structured Essay Question. Please View the SEQ Booklet 1 for self-Revision. This Booklet was created by http://social-studiesresource.blogspot.com/.

1. Theme: Understanding Governance
Ch 2: Governance in SingaPore
2 Governance iI SingaPore.
' )
(a Do you agree that anticipating change and stay relevant is the
most important guiding principle of governance for Singapore?
Explain your answer. [ 12 marks ] l
L1: Describes the general topic without focus being put on the issue in the
question. [1-2m]
of 2 mks']
[ '1m for 1 de.tail and a second mark for further details up to a maximum
L.g. Governince refers to the way a government manages the resources of the
country so as to carry out its functions.
L2: Describes given OR / AND ldentifies / Describes Other Factor(s)' [3-4m]
other factors up
[ 3m for identifyhg one factor, and an additional mark for identifying
to a maximum of 4mks l
e.g. No, anticipating change and staying relevant is not the most important guiding
principle of governance for Singapore. lnstead, it is '. I could choose from :
;Leadership is Xey', 'Reward for Work and Work for Reward' or 'A Stake for
Everyone, OpportunitY for All' l
L3: Explains the given factor [5'6m]
[ 5m for an explanation of the given factor, and an additional mark for each
supporting detail up to a maximum of 6mks.
e.g. Anticipating change and Staying Relevant is an important guiding principle
foi Singapore. The government needs to take risks and make decisions that are
forward--looking in anticipation of future challenges. For example, in preparing.for
Singapore's friture water needs, the government has taken steps to ensure that
Sinlapore is self-sufficient in water supply. This has been done through producing
'NEfoatei and desalinated water. Another example would be how, through the
decision to build tvvo lntegrated Resorts, the government has taken bold steps to help
Singapore capture the growing tourist market in the face of rising competition- At the
inOividual level, studenis can ltretch their potential by coming up with creative and
innovative ideas. workers too could play their part by upgrading their knowledge and
skills to stay employable and contribute to the nation. Thus by anticipating change
and staying relevani, Singapore can look forward to the challenges of the future with
confidence.
OR
Disagrees and explains other factor(s).
[5m fir an explanation of one other factor, and an additional mark for
supporting
detail up to a maximum of 6mks.l
e.g. Leadership is Key is a very important guiding principle of governance that
Singapore praciices. Singapore takes care to Select leaders that have outstanding
per;onal qualities such as honesty, moral courage and integrity, in addition to having
talent. Potential leaders are specially selected and groomed.
Singapore needs good leadership not only in government but also in every segment
of t[e society. For example, the arts scene in Singapore made progress more vibrant
arts scene. Thus, leadership is all important if singapore is to continue to prosper
and face up to the challenges that misht come its *"u nYl::*::,:ll":::::l::

2. people and thus be able to carry the people with them when decisions (even tough
and less popular ones) are made for the good of the country.
I candidate couid offer an explanation of either of the other two guiding principles
instead l
e.g. 'Reward for Work and Work for Reward, is an important guiding principle of
government. Underlying this principle is the belief in meritocracy. Meritocracy means
a system that rewards hard work and talent. Meritocracy helps to give everybody in
society an equal opportunity to achieve their best and be rewarded ior their
performance, regardless of race, religion and socio-economic background. Thus, for
example, hardworking students who excel in their studies and co-curricular activities
receive rewards in the form of Edusave Scholarship and Merit Bursaries. All
Singaporeans also received a share of the surplus from Singapore,s growth through
the Progress Packager Thus, this principle encourages people to continue to wo-rk
hard to help Singapore develop and stay ahead of the competition_
e.g. 'A Stake for Everyone, Opportunities for All' is another important guiding
principle of governance. This means allowing people more opportunities 1o ge't
involved in the decision-making process. such participation wouid lead to peof,le
feeling a deeper sense of belonging to the country. For example, the goveinment
consulted the public on the issue of having casinos as part of the lR;. Thus, by
allowing the people more opportunities to participate in important decision-making, i
stronger bond is built between the people and the country. This will help to keepihe
people actively involved with the government and supportive of the decisions made
by the government.
L4: Both elements of L3. [7-10m]
[ 7m for an explanation of the given factor AND description of other factors.
8m for an explanation of the given factor AND an explanation of other factors up to
a maximum of 10 mks.l
L5: Weighs the relative importance of different factors covered in L4. This
should be done using some clearly stated criteria e.g impact. [11-12m]
(b ) "The Graduate Mothers Scheme was the most successful measure
taken by the Singapore government to encourage population
growth." Do you agree? Explain your answer. I i3 marks ]
L1: Describes the general topic without focus being put on the issue in the
question. [1-2m]
e.g. The population of Singapore grew rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s and this posed
problems for the country.
L2:_ Either Agrees OR Disagrees and ldentifies other measure(s). [3-4m]
[ 3m - 1 factor; 3mks - 2 factors ]
e.g. Yes, it was the most successful but, at the same time, there were also other
important measures taken such as the 'Three or More lf you Can Afford lt, policy /
various pro-family measures / the policy of attracting foreign talent.
L3: Agrees OR Disagrees and describes given / other measure(s). [4-5m]
L4: Explains factor used for agreeing. [6-8m]
[ 6m - Explains given factor or other factors for agreeing or disagreeing;

3. 1 additional mark for each detail up to a maximum
of 8 mks l
most successful measure Based
e.o. Yes, the Graduate Mothers Scheme was the a direct impact of
;f r";;: tnut ii'" uo*ution level of the parents had
'i;;;li that parents who were university
their children in schools rne reslaicn showed performed better in schools As a
oraduates were more lif,"fy to nuu" "nildren who encourased to have
i;:;ii:ffi ;;;"'Mi;Ji;; i"rt tn"t i"'ur" sraduateschance be the new generation
-woutd should
of
more children so that tnere ne nign"t
;;ilf";;;;;s ,nor"
''
in 1s84 the Graduate Mothers scheme was
"ou"ui"J.-inus, graduates and to encourage them to have
started to encourage tur,'uglt among
more children. ...
not agree with this being the most
I Note: lt isanticipated that most candidates would people
!r#*,[ ru;il in" met witn much unhappiness amons manv
""
and it failed to get the
""nlte the people After just.one year' the scheme was
of
",ppo't t'nu ianciioute will be.able to explain how this was
iirai
withdrawn. Thus, it is unrirerv
the given measure should not
a successful measure. tnu"i ir"i ngr"" u"o Explain
be awarded more than 6mks l
OR
Disagrees and explains other factor(s)'
You,Can Afford lt' policy'
e.g.Disagrees: Explains the 'Three or More lf
or More lf You Can Afford lt' policy
No, the most successful t"Jt"" *ut in";tht""
the replacement level of 2 1 children
To bring Singapore's pop'ruiLn git*tn nact to
Der woman, instead of ois"ouiaging
iarg" iutitl"t'. parents were encouraged to have
policv due to
ih*;;;;;;;;hildren if t'n"v".o"uro iffora financialwas a cautious children' the
it Tltis
of having
economic considerations. T;;"F ;li";;ihe
burden
the use of Medisave to pay for
oovernment introduced,;;;;"';;;;r "rio*ing an increase in
il%iiJ;il;ffi;; in"liot il't'"" children As a res-ult there was1988 Thus this
the number of children n"t"'p"i *"t*t iiot f
+A in 1986 to 1'96 in
was a very successful measure
measures that were taken'
e.g. Disagrees: Explains the other pro'family thlt'*-"^l:
N; ih;;;;i successful ;;;Jt; was the Minister proJamilv measures ol new
slew of
a package
taken from 2004. ln tn"t ylui tn" Prime .introduced population figures'
marriage and parenthood ;;;;';"; inut *"tu aimed boosting
-at
iil;;";;;J"s came about as a for both p'arents feedback The new
result of public measures
which meant that mothers too
included equalized meoical"iunJts
ir"o* in"ir ( and no1 iust fathers ). Another
could make medical claims "rprov"rs*i'i"h u could claim $3 000
measure was the gr"nop"'inil";d;t-;;ii"i'bv
them 10 take care of their child A
"ou-pl"
in income tax relief it, g'u;Jp*"ni was helping
service. This is to allow for a better
third measure is tne s_cav iloilie"r. t tn" bivii
-is
work-life balance. rinatty,'tnere the extended. maternity leave which was a'n
these various measures, there is
extension from g weeks to''il *""r". rhrough
sufficient reason for tu.ti"j "o-'pfJ" to nuui
t6t" children as the high cost of raising
(concerns which the public
children and the lack ot t'it"UrJ"nif otu'" ""ung"t"nts
raised) were addressed'
foreign talent'
e.g.Disagrees: Explains the policy of attracting
th6 most'successful one ln 1989 the
No, I believe thar the toreig-niai"ni poficy is
government started to it" in'ttigtation policy to attract foreign talent with the
ikitt. tnut sinsapore t"q,;;i;;;i;;"ti.
'"ru"* i'ir" n"n'o"t"ir]:"J:l:::"H:li:::

4. F
ir an.attraclive education package for chirdren were offered to foreign tarent who
were
I
willing to work in singapore. By making it easier for foreigners io work and
lrve in
singapore, the government hoped some of these individuals would develop
a close
atlachment to the nation and take up either permanent residence or citizensnip.
Rs a
result,of the inflow of foreigners, srngapore's .o"i"tv nu" r""ome more
cosmoporitan
thus testifying to the success of the foreign tirent scheme in increasinj
fl .
population.
irre
i L5: Both aspects of L4. [9-l 1ml
[ 9m for an explanation of the given factor AND descriptibn of other factors;
10-1 1 m explains why Agrees and Disagrees.l
t L6: Reaches a balanced
covered in LS. [ 12-13m]
conclusion based on an explanation of factors
t Governa nce in Singapore
I Howfardo-esthesu@
to prepare for her ageing population? exphin your aiswer.
Writes about comm@
!l Singapore.
Award 1m for each detail, to a maximum of 2m.
I Eg. With fewer babies born each year, there would be fewer
young.people in the population. The number of older people
]1oujd
bg proportionately larger. This means the country would
I be faced with an ageing population and the community would
have to take care of the increasing number of senior citizens.
Describes ttre given factor, OR identifies/describes other
il factor(s).
Award 3m for describing the given factor OR
identifying/describing other factoi(s)
I Award 4m for both
Explains the given factor On otfrer tacto(s)
I Explains the given ta*or ffi
factor(s)
Award 8m for answers which explain the given factor and
identify/describe other facto(s)
An explanation of the give'n factor but only identifies other
factors.
Both elements of L3
[s-11]
Eg The community ptays an important role in enhancing the
..
welLbeing of senior citizens. It can give social and emoiional
support and provide healthcare and social services. An example
has made laws and introduced

5. ffine senior citizen.s. Tle fir:t
i#nts cm6btain the iioirt's help to seek financial stlppoft from
1i;;;hitAre; who ;l; Apabte of s.uppPrtino t!1iem'-b!t-a!e-n-ol
;iffie Pubtic Housing scheme
ffitn*" fist-time buyers of government flats to.obtain a
parents
hiutsing grant if they buy a flat in the area where their
live soi that they can look after their elderly parents'
Maintaining a heatthy tifestyte is also the responsibility .of
the
his diet
inJiriiiil k preparing for their otd age. He sh7uld watch and be
iJ exercise iequlirlv. He should also plan earlv
At the same time, family suppott is also important to bring.about
'.
social stabitity and harmony. To strenqth.en famil v - Do-ngs'
strenqthen tam
ilies toqether to show thet a
@nce of different factors
'm*rrir,
Egj the support of the government is es,sential^ in
ieparation for an Ageing population because without any
"ii[iiii arnd policieslroi tlhe gove,nment, to introduce
their
tiws ana measures, Singaporians woutd not be physically'
in
@importantmeasure agree?
t<eeping tramc smooth in Singapore" Do you
Explain
Writes about traffic flow in Singapore.
Award 1 mark for 1 detail and an additional mark for further
details.
ig.- As Singapore's population continues to grow, there will be
2", in"r"r"6 in aem'ana for land to buitd roads. Singapore has
e,xpirienceA rapid growth and therefore traffic volume in the city
centre is especialty high especiatly during the peak hours'
@es other factor(s), without
-now
exptaining it is an important measure in keeping traffic
smooth in SingaPore.
Award s mirlis for describing the given factor or
identifying/describing other facto(s). Award 4 marks for both'
Agrees OR Disagrees, suPPorted.
-for
n-irio s marks an explanation of how the given factor/
uii"inutiu" factor was an important measure in keeping traffic
.r"otn in Singapore and an additional mark for any supporting
detail to a maximum of 7 marks

6. id
ir TLa AoBes
I
& Dist
ta', l
trl ffimru:" l
ge+'rrT6- i::*"",u:rn,:"*ntmn* m'
nelor
;;ffi ;io.i;.1iififfi ;ilfl **li*i) ]
Fl o
,L A (JAr-a -d n e r, oa, o. n"r ao o. -n
"L. d,o"eo ro,
.9,,'.2 or d d,ha, - -arn"Cer,.ar-o.r.r,t,",".r.,O.,
ir a.Ed , diE tl
In4iqo.,r rolid €, 6 tnF o,i - o. rdr. 1 d ...-,or- trr
'oo^F ioord -ao".".
rl Disaqrees:
a4.. Ij
T -'d-Area Lrmshq p"." ,A
lm': 1ei:ue 9 I I s.hemeo.F-p rdlr noa ,oo ^",
s. unoF. .- -.,F"-,
I L'll' " -o Fnan ocds ,slq"ro,p
:d'"p",t"bou.dcd ai. I
'-,, " ,1 ",
"r""- <r",o".eo ",
'Fa.Fd.o .or Lrd.er.n.
tl
I ffi
e r- r a rhF P6str
o"+Ler:l+aq-.r"!;-
ad /one o.- "i ;;als;. =--
;idt,,.a
i
t ffi
ffi -
o"!ie r, e ats b" dr e.-.F ;;d;;: i;;;
" i;
fl I 4 ' haches a b:lcmd orctu<ion
,Ho a< ro €.pt,!nty tt 2. t:
t3.
I addrcc<ing 112.
fa, .
Award 12 narks for a weaktyerptain€d
marks tor a wett-erptained asres<mcnr
L
I
I {o) , T::.
':": ,o ooo 1o.poi61 pop-r.ron, c
rant€r ramries Do youaqrcer E
bF. ,rd p.o. o o, o,
t l: :,tuios on erononns ldts.rtdnit,es ot torcisn tatenr whhout t'ocus.
p.l:l.:
I ^1r-rddd.., do,oorcr . L"-Fo o. rto b. m,.o,oo.e q.o,. --
.o popud.o. -oop,"
il aurr -"i. oF. in to3/ it rrEd
o
teFroi,
(.roren pF, troa- r ,eoo or
o"(o r.9.a d oe t nl6-. e nF^ Dot. . F.!o-r"oFd p"r"
ormore.hidrcn i they..utd alord r '
t]

7. or att.acting
L2 Describes lhe policv oi promotinq larger lamilies
f or€rsn lale.is wilhour e^plairing
its s!ccess in encorragrng
popuhnon growlh ol sing.pote
p-
5l
.;o"oo,e aooo.'d "l" "d n q!1o1oor "odka 16'. - drr)
;--;:,;;,,'"; . "i a.oo,". a" .a " paru- od o'
."' ::"q";;; ;," .;o. dua o-.,
r trbldrns the imponance promoting lc'ger lamilre( lo encouraqe
1-
oltre potrcv o' an'a'tins to'e's'
i,l",.l"ii J,.ii-r. i.'st""*ori onpopuarionsrowthor sinsrpore 16'
;:;;;;;;;.-;i,iiv;;;aqins
3l
Encouraqins large lamilies
lamilles is one ol
lncreasinq pop!lalion qrowlh lh.ough encoumginq larger
aton
lhe soLutions govetnment has used to boosl S'Pore s PoPU
1 oou, o .a' g r oapo '
-d a oor r dlFd d
tid" o'r /on"a
N lo ll.a rFola!61e l c'F oll
'"*-- -;.1
"^" ',,""",.-.., .-r*" o oi o'adno ro' k1 F or413
o^'F
-.1. ',i r.r." t "" ld en o ao' I hcv (oud n-'1 I 1 odl eo
cdord
"..,,
,.';;"ih:: ;"; ; ou * or n, ' op.v rd FnFoo 'v6to d oe or rrre
6d
-ll. ,.'-. ."o;'".irr"*- v"o " e o to oe
^ r.;,
ili ii,)," ,ii
o;nou€i,".o"s .
,
dlod"'|o
;.1
children or mor€ "en
h:vF hree"':;';;.";";..
s"o"p''
i,1'"-.,.1. i"rr'"i"r*"a
o.D!ation
^'" ro'"a"n"o on"'oD'o
"-"i"ii dn o 16 Ir2o1d{j1IrJ
"-.,-^ '".i"rr" o"o'
. i,.iir-,'.i-.t"q o or aer"L "d
r.L "
r.hildren aliendna approved
j"d-"robF.tr"'enrres
'rId'a@ olo,.r oour.belt
. ;i";^,,".. ';
. il"ii.,"e e" ue u*o tor nospilaland delilery charses ior lhe 1st'
?nn:nd lr.l.h ldrcn.
' i,""."#".'' ^.
i e*, e"n rhsr dem' o opo "trr'
'o Leave ior r'arents lo spend
p.ii"y "- ov in" q&l z oavs or
"a"-pt"J "!
ln 1933. some 55 OOOO babies were born folowing lhe intr'dlclion of these
B,ho q'qanqrs Trpo aon {orEoloi ol 6'o'VoElvo
i-^"".I rr'";** ' on"o oaoe rdl
"i i"i""" r.i"-"::::J ".paq-,. " o"d^, o heu6o veo,.r.4Lo
;-: riic".r " 't e- r'de o"oor"^oud'""
'.-';.;";
i'.'.1i.. r": """ "oir 'q " '
:,::;";;.. ;,i"-,' :"; . n i'P .
.-ir.""' r'','
;li*i"i ""'"'" 'r.'''r',",rlr"o'pL"o ' ^" ' " oood
"r. ."

8. . 41, o .o [ - .o, . .r
o- to,ct d.o
t".o nry'n[1F o naFa. . eiraro. rd r.. t, r
.6.,1od..ed l dcr ,h. po Ihodtr.4o
LL E pEins the ihponance cnolagng targq tdmilies to encoutage
populcn.on gt.owth in.Singapa,e AND ptlf.nitv
nqa.urcs eooal OR
tne pohcy of ddta.nng brcig, rdtent< in suctesstutty encour.gnq
populaton grcwih ot Singapare
Pro.Family Measures l2004t
::._" wa
u_€ i9!o':'" o'o',n, ne!. u+ {--
i roo" Fd o.,r " a. "
o nFd-br o,n- tvi ,r-. "" r.Fn _oong i rS eo.e"mlat
pce , n 200a
uo, tsrLr "n
xe
a .F> tro. oLor rp.dod o--r.dL.-^ee
on eq br-Fd - ddid be". i- ooth pd.qt, ro.to tra.a 4€d d
r.r. to thFi I'd,q ^.p.6
f rhFi.h d.ar.s a€moir-. -p u oupr"
"
" ., . "" -",r, d .!r,.
rd,Fn M",",. . rca.-
::- 1 9 1.*' fo.'1-r o.nq 0.6. ^", he.odo, o
'od ro.or the, r.15"i
r€ balan.e
t: q" ". noo !"o "ineo ", d,'hq ,..u.as rhe.o.,
'* "".'
I
o
o.r or hdr o !hrd.6,
iil'!' ll.!. '.p',/t I oF o ipr.c r
i b" elo.r"q;d,o
".-.o-
I :ij lil.l-"" o. a.o rh. -." o,odh r pop dlnn r--rp. F;.n- no.-
wor{s Dbo...,pp .o t,6.ar, Inotcbox ,a.rdd.orjo oida^te
I
l:^:e n eF o. rncs" . enr.e. ro p.o. o.F r.,qe rdlre i F e nd-
*'."*".",oooorsno,oo""oipid,Dr 1,.- rp_.
I ".' 'l:.d " "
::':11 "' '"trd1u
a"n'ed6Lore ,e o oapr o,4^- d
-"-iFo ").1-, "re dE.oed o rh.i. d,.er.
I 4n o GaFd io I d,. b&., eo .i d, u .Ant
r.orc.Elani ,dr6 r. .o. bFto, oi
I
I l:1".r:, -:1":'^"r'-"
,Trnm-d rAs.e.poF, o "r" n.'o.-qr ra-1q
..."-. poot;,oi.
bardo eDo- tor-,"nd- n". o o,,
I sponsmen aretoretqne swho hare raten !p( zensh,o
h e uFri.4in, ,o.-qna. rr1
"drs adood FoJi.J. oon6o, "1"", ," . ,h" a;/-,. i", I p.,ir n,o
1o^8o.
,
".
o o po a9 io . ro.. rF.- o,6 Fd to io Fiql

9. no'e5eroarooldi orFg_be r o5 ' lred a^d^t' ' o loboFf
d";j:';:'ir:::i :ltl{:t Tir l"
"3iJ
""r:J,:::i ";03::
..!"ffifr i,ririi:i5'i*,$ii;l
f ;:""#*fi
b;;- 'ruo ' o'
d'd,ne 'o"Q dre ts 'oonq'" pop rdrio'
":;;.;;
""'i..;i"i' * !* ""--, p''
'. i n on
rec A d' noroFenLae-rha Fnsu es 01
-e'o^ 1o <o
rha
"';;;';";; ";"";'"" o q
,;- il. -* i,'-' "" F oo nodoor€
'"
:;.:l-;:i!;Js;;:-a';;o ciob'dld (Gd e o od' d''j1
^o
a tdsoned conclusion (which is th' best
L5 L1 + Adves at
In"o,*cino to,"q' raca i Ine
06'r i"
;.;;.J;,^,i"a-i as 11n'oirre Irp"15'no or'' t'rri d
."1*- i." -*'n.+r Ano qF € oas +e nldsel or me o I
o-e n pe6 m4
^
:i;", ,;:;.i;";: ;." '
.i,l.*."J "i"*'.p"-'!rio' o ne o nra*iIan' rr'.a'oar-l
ooe. no,'dv.,
li]}i."";"r; ;,heqoe'nre. lhe @untrv
lo
ofmoney io.iracr lor€qn
ra enl
wh,e rhe oor", ol p'orol'q iFr lmF n4 rl re ron o 14Fd)'
lj"j. ororen ro b' e bcd 'I
;;.::i;';; ; "; ' ""' ,'- no^ev" '- ' raorrnoro-o re n orl'onor
'o o
'..i,..1"0 " rxl* d'oe-d
'""-'.;''j " r,r.. ", ;;;;i oe.,1 a pop €
o€moar"on r'au"s 'are
auon "s o'Fq -. do o'
,;.,i],]";, i;..i;
:;;;, " "';;oppodunies " -,'. -0.'," e'i"ffi i,,'ii"1'"i
dh{e
; *"'i.'."
;" ! {@-re" srcapoE o e nd"
e-conomc tso
;";-,"' :;;; ;""i'; '
.rij,i .p.p"" o:o/ 1 ,oo" u.2n"dro rh"rLrrF
"

10. ii
it Themei UDde.standing Governance
Ch 3 lManaqtng Heatthcare: C.se StudyotSinqapore
il (a) To what oxtenr can the British wotfare system for health.are work for
Singapore? Explain vour answer. t121
id Writ6s aboLlll"e hedtth.ara rysrem but tad'ng desL'rprrcn.
12
ir poT6&rrIrFraresJqra,
o di96 -nr1.,.e1. I r
paY lf
o_lre ied ol :
_!e 'netr |eatrn o
"' o"doT o|
orr,qdpoeto
o enho oLdnoldhoro o
tt L2 Describes the g.vrn factor OR idpnrit'esdescrjb.s oth fadoGl
Award 3 m#ks for describing lh€ g ven factor OR idertfying/descrtbinO
oth€rfaclorc Award 4 marks fo. both
Jr
fl E g I can work for Sifgapor€ provded €veryone does nol teave at lhe
planning lo lhe govemment aid are responsibte to ook afler then
il heallhcare needs and w€tfare without r€tyng overly on gov€rnmeri
' d el o l
Tdrl .ra,c,orp.i
^o eao
p- daq bv the cove nrFn'
a o,:b ror.
q
tn s why the peope need to opt earty for [4edslri€td or Etdershi€td
nslrafce offered by lhe governmenl as an alernalive to Medsave in
ndr
fl L3 i Explains the siven ractor, oRotherracro(s)
Awat.l t hdks fot ah exptanatian, antl atlditinat naks tat anr
suppadng delail, Dp to a haxmLn ot 6 natus
tn Yes I can work lor Sngapore provided ising he.[h costs are manaAed
fl carefu y How€ver for Snqaporc, heltthcare costs had inceased
sleeply lfd this was atso whai Brta n had orpeaenced in the 1gBOs The
resull s lhere islust nol enough docloF nurses and t c ities in hospita s
for surserles lor al. Besides lopping up lhe CpF ot senor citz€ns the
F Aovernmenl woLd need lo make avaitzbe more,C'cass wards for
lhose who cold not afford basic heath€re This means patie.ls in C
cass wards in aovernmenr hosp la s pav ontv 20% of the tora cost as
tl 300" uot/"d
o_ord b".. hF"rh."re trt
I ont6er, pa+n
tor ecmoe ^ho
B rdrd-
charqe 30% on indvtduas with lhe remaining 2oolo being subsd:ed by
.n
ls
Expla'ns tho siven ractor and htionaliseswhy or wirt;ot
tn AwaftJ 6 natks fat explainng ane eason to suppa L3, and l
t! Eg Govemmenl subsidies alone w lnot be enouqh lo ensure lhe Brt sh
wellarc syslenr ol heatthca€ wit wo.k fo. Sincapore This is because tf
tr Ljo . 6r
db 1!dF o,.j.t .roF.Ftoned-o.ld,q- a
^oudh..Frooapa.dbu06. oFn,u.aqLd , -or'h d.-

11. ,.n cni.". P "q" aj-; o-'po nqfr- ooo'ono d
l o''o
"" " ""--
o d
'rn" a "d wh! in llrc 1930s
hlve to .onre lmm laxp.y€rs money This exD ns
Brl.n lid€r Prme Mnsler. Maroarel Thalcher had 1o back ol
'ul
o'o'io'po'
-F n-F I obtF' i
mFeliio the d-o'nard Tor heaLlhcare senLces as heaLlh incr'ased
"sls
;, ;. o , jo""
-;-:,,.,." o o
d n'l
N.rofar nsd;ance l.x of 3% 10 lhe Brl sh governmenl which
,t" lon B" 'or d o
p"t, q oor' 'n ''dro o
", '.
'-".'"'";- and erpandlna lhe NHS, I dd nol solle the problenr of
h€alh.ar.
eolh el.menls or r:
Da nat a||att 1a nark unless rcasons ln f.vout ot .gatnsl lhc well"e
s! sl--n at hc althc.rc is cxPlained
rs "r,s werors tr*tar,va imponancp or lhe rwo hpdlihcJP
"(rcm. one-rhal te>l< on lhe prirciple of r.countab litv cnd lhF
oirre, n* aep".o' o|n'rers'd sov'rrmenr 'p€adinq on
hearlhcare laelrare model).
Eq SlnqapoG cou d Leam flon lha exp€reice of Brla. s NHs (Nal ona
H; h aetuicer b! manacinrr resolrc€s optma v. ror exaope, re
. .-."i' e "n."0 .o 'o Nrl pl"n n -000 11 1"d"
d
i-nnP n...o.n i€.oo" k ho
hea rircare s nlapor€ .ould eatn iiom lh s and contnue I' mon l" lhe
'
h*lrrcare n;d5 so thal I would nol spend unnecessarLv on
adnr nislr:l'or and n€ge.l the provision of polessionaL me'i ':l
serv c€s
The .rra enoe lor boih the wellate mode and Srig.pore's lrealthcare
ssl€m is h;w io manaqe ihe steep dse ln he.lthcarc costs ard vel
nr..,.e ol"tl LeJ dF o rt DFoplE. r - ngdpo - oo.e n FnL
ooh !r . V ,M r " v6o 1'o VaoI'a
o.-p o " 'o o.d o lo rn d
b" io" q oo ohF"r'"
" we f:re modelror lhose who
llris respecl the qov-.rnmenl coud adopl a
ne€C lob€ hep€a by qovernmenl subsides The aovernmenl woud llso
need lo.lLdyirre ne;Js orrhe ndde ncom€ and devise a ratrsvs(em or
," or;o or6ddl ard
eo. p ," o no r.nEorldF 4l o
.fL!.lL e s..!
"q"do01'd
d be beller mel

12. lf,
il 2(bl Her€ are three ways
healh.are of an agerng
il governnenrsupport.
tll Which of these is a bener wav or
elderly? Exptain your answer
I13hl
Lilwrires abdi fiE aseins poputarion wiiholr rocus
onrhe qqesrion T r-r--
E9. Sirgaplres poputato is egeing raFidtv
leeqe,+l
D."-jb".
"
Ojq yelrs elese !viot5-
r.a;E b,ri;i;ffiffi;; r*fr
The lirsl
i1'l
t :::::,:{^, t* _" na* "ia q ii,i"'ii i"n I
s T
puE D.
I s,ooo,,. . e hedr!F eFo. o, d. dqer
fs" , MFd."a 4-(anra'F,ordartFuda-op-op s
ulmr ll 5qru,i I opd'o thFrn-o(a dr Io.prr,r...,o
.o e.o o,o p'ooie . on h-.",""
::i.--j_ orqanrze we I d proq€mmes
e! rs ano l:t"1." -"
t
h€se "
lor the e dery
Erplcin one,ccto,
!l:^:-:-::::.
srppantng detat to a ma rnun
,- D. dnd ao,tr.an", a., . ]a
i
ot 7 n-trts
I
I
I r
, e ExpDnrron and etabordtion on how the p/jnLipre
o, indivjoual ;
r accolntabitity is beihg apptied
I ::"^!-1?::! . b t . d an,r ']qb, 6.aan-o a.th an-.nG n-,^
....
." ; ta
p".", . ...
D e- E .""", p.. anpd. a.t1 a.-
",; ","ii'."
"..;' ;":;; a. *ri.". ,iap*
il-.
11
-.';'"-*,
".t- ."t1
I I o Go.- re
"a
o-a aaono r- "ld-,v Bl !F M.dso,c^h..,s";a".,."a,."r
1,.. . V6o, hcd r rh a o oa/ e.
:::;- il"-t or .o r v"o,.".- o.o.e.,h"o,oo,,rio,r* n.L,dnre
an or .uo>d,ed o,' cn",g"," o.rr"
v-o, "fio.o o"rp."
'.d d V6o!1aa.. .!nadoo.-
d ,o M"d.,;.o *,,,n
..t Lo b. " "n
rdnno' paL/ 9o.-r rant o hFrp L o,e 4ho
ror rF r medtrat eroFnscs
4!!41rm I'naina ..hemes o heD oa! r.r medlcal etDenses of the
erdery ,F 5n!apor€
2q" q911911,4q""c ]

13. E !. bloi vi€w. tth nk lhe prnc ple of individuataccountab try must st i
mv
dool, i adpor.!.Fn' o.gh1or bs,o-. d.p t",.ooFr
o^r 'raooor- d.daop - "a!
" "i"b"'o "o o-1ro o d oao.oo:;.
d. ,-r- lopor-.do.ordF. -p
.hFrF. 1 d. -.- n-,o,ndro,o/a€sb.str
linancllprotection io those who oeed on! term €re Moreover, needy
.nd d sabled eldery Sinqaporeans who are not €liCibte for Etdershietd
t d, dop r la n d cr L -p uloe tr F Inp.i. D-ao.a
o o r'.r ^). sunle
o rhF loe r DAD-. -r ", To, - -, dlor otr,€
'.
' n., leqd ro !,!,
F
dFoc d4n!- or x c ao.Fr, ar ,
Bnc' F r'. n .-,,o,o o'aDo.d
'-6 b- ldo '-o d, orr Fr..-!o ",
a
'o od. '
lhe cosrwll have lo'o bohe by the taxpayer lnthefna anaNsls,
be
srnqaporecan earn lrom the British wellarc mode bul itclnnot fouow
Ihis mod€ because h€allhcare costswil continueto risea.d th€
ndividua wou d have Io paf ahead byleppina on lrre I MedNave
accounl aid olher ava lable schefies on lhe olherhand, the conrmunty
4o. dl.,r o,eao- |
lo^n.. '-rc,. --,r,o.d Lo.aie .o rhF hd.,4q-rd 1q 6
'o bed _ - ru o".1ot l c Gn;. rc hFdr aF
coslsuprapidy This isbe@lse t,ledisave [,4edished!nd t,l€difLnd or
llre'3Ms cannotcontrolhealhcosl nf alionanduntesslhegovernment
tLF.d- -pb o,,hFDooi^no d.F
',.uoF-o Ff1.o
rllco . otu a.hS. .o . d.d.o.o,Fqon-oi.d
.are ofp ead lor pub ic charily. ^,
(a) To what extenr is the p.onorion ol a h€alrhy lifestyle amonq the citizens
ihe main Iactor rmprovinq th€ standard of heatthcare services in
Singapore? Erpta 'n your an5wer.
n 1121
L1 writes about promoii;s or healthy lifestyte w itho ut focirs
Award 1 mark for €ach deta up 0 mr, nrum ot 2 ma s
D€scribes given taclor, OR/ identifjes/ desibsiherfactm
Alv.rd 3 nra s lor descrbinq qtren factor OR deit ,i€s/d€s.ribes
.rr'€rr.... !trdrd l mr t tordong boh

14. il
r Healrrr edrcarDn &d1rcfro|onoaalearhy ffsry a
I I
:i:.:i:J :u};tkft T"JilJil, :)"1;[:'Hj:it
r'rrhero^n
il i
ra" "]:ffii;'.l11",i".!:i:''o5bc
E{plain the gjven frcroroR oth;
iAwrd 4 m fo .n
h-€a rh
14-61
r
F,nra,,a1ion
slppon nq deral
T
I
I
t
.;'-,-'--
-"
f
i ; :1r::""1x1 i;::j "" :r"
: ;';:.:: ,:r ;;::
'u,russoe,:nigil*n''ffi
iitl#i$i{r"+t+rr".#ljd
;itfltr*iilf
i,;,.5*il+*ru;lfi:f
'";-;::"-l ;::;f iii :j:I ;,::""*
" ;::l:::
";:" ;iJ";;"',:1";::';1"."" -o';.;;'.,n" " .
!:ll:J"'j:".4"J,;::.;;";;. ,; ;": :"" ". .,"", .".,".,.,
"." 17l
n,fi:.-- '' ts rot

15. 15, plus €rplains the relarive inporllnceof ditferern tad-o,s.
Toodan a,h,o.ah ci. po.c/. jnqaLvecr.
rF"r. lotr o be € pocrcL or ,*,
"*i n"".rn .: e."ror" n+
D.oEy nF or '6- paa n'ooL..o d.e. rhFr .!re or hear. Th>
iF]F.e., e b-rdFl or pavno o, --" . G.e o., o. th" I dro. o. the
9o1eT e-l lo s!trd lh. .drF nonF/ 01 r-F'der,,orrF.,
ronunare or.n olhs deve opmenl
(b) H.re are rhre w.ys r" which to improve
rhe NHs to meet the n€eds ofthe
psople in Brirain:
inc@asing efiiciency
managrng governmert spendinq
provjdin9 quatity seruic€s
Which of these is a h6sr wav of meting the ne€ds ol the psopt€
Erplarn youraneer. '
B lain? in
Ir3l
writes abour improvi;-lt;iHs 11.21
a@d 1 maRforeach dela tuo to
D.scribes racto(s) bur with;ai
Award 3 marks ior one tactor and 4 frarlrs lor more rhan one t3-41
t clor
eo Ma lh..he. n rae NHs - o," "- "n..f,olq.p,,vrrz" olot
She ked ro.utbacl on heat0iare soend no
The NHs ne-o. to rode,n /"
n orte, ro oro",ro- q. a r" ""r c"
Awdd. trdns o a c)p'a..-o, I'7I
ldoi o,a. 1d4s ror a1,
supporl nq de ail, to a maxrmum.rT "no <
hi
VF rhllh€r ldde NJS nor" Ftrie-r throush p.ivarz on or
tr neans r.,fiaa 9o."i, nenr ,onr.o or
nos,or€t $1ic$ ho,pr"s -ao to oe ef(e.r ,o Tzte
h?dre
gow
orca aerh€v re. pNe tE. One ebTde ot
*. for NHs .osorrar lo n"re .se o. p..vdie
l::_11?llg- trond.
oa'ados_lo seli-e^ .-(. a, aLtl .,-d1,19 an.
,oLd a,tow .osort-s ro corent,"re o. beh€r
neocr rFry(er End r.eli.g .e r-"os or .e pFop,e o, B-ira,n
lhDush betler medicat €€
tr.ptus exprains orrrei raiiirrl- [3-111
A@rd 3 marks rorL3 otus € se.-;d f:..r explained. with
one enra
mark for add tional supponinq iniomat on Award 10
marks for L3
PUs n{o other tactoc exDlatnld. wilh.np

16. I
I .-.oo1.ibr6,o. ,.a ...
'd,d.d o o. .oe
B r.a., 0..06,ot.rt onr , I
I governmenl spendi.g would resur n not havn.t free and qua y
'h u o" li to,, Bd.a- o.o oi ed.F;Fr.(.rl
I spending and improve the NHS He coud do so
people pay more towards lhe Naionat
.s he made rhe
t Tony Ebn fer rhat the NHS needs lo nrodern 2e in order to Drovrd-a
outrri -. eOToiaa^d
h-lo ,,rpr !r oi on ! a.;r - p"
I wd rhF Ntls bto' ./000 I
"
tFo
I .
".o "
ro. . dnq- bd
Fd oa r4-oo. I
po d. r. ioi- qo..nT-
'
I 10- NPSoarFn
'ol- '. , d In4
Reaches a balanced conctusion based on the relative
112-
131
I siqnif icance ot the faciors
P o lh .. .6!ri
..h F4.-..oF.
6| d.o.
r o.
rh-,o..op,o.drq
oo..oh,.-oo.-.-,-., d... dr,. L
n co e.lino moretaxes as there are es; young people to suppon
I an ag€mq populalion Privatsation and €ncouraginq
roi hci or. ..diih d.. a-ad --.Feope lo pay
d.- ibo o e:
measur€s hrve been adopl.d
, " u.
I

17. Theme cohnEt.nd Hmmony,nIvutri.EthnrcsocErres
rh 4 s'r
Lanka and Norrh€rn kerrnd
3 Canflict and Harntohv in Mufti-Ethnic societie<
,
*l^._,.:!l:: ,ljl ,.1" i.ha/d.onry.porcy w.s rhp nolr rtoporranr
, ,
reasor whyco-itict broe out in SriL"ntta? Erptarn your.nswer.l12l
ll Dpwr,b.s lhe gcr{at bprc withour locu. bernq put on rne irsue in the
quesnon.I1 2ml
'-o d ''4 ' 1 ' F,- '
"; "^: " ;"^" ^1. '|or rh4 d. I. d.o - s
"-"@mm:r..
oo- oFno n !rroth..o I r
Li_l::..jpj: sl:T_91l_f g rdennncs, Desnibes
orhF' rador r.
, o ue rv-9o a r to a.dJ dooro d 1d. .o,,o- r,./n.o.-). r3.4nl
,d oj,.p
Fo o. oi'ha
''6o'b%,o16 5, h"'.O.t. po,,I
^d, rd rar o..i,polrl.Fd
r"i-",rrn.rro.s. or
. 1 drLoo. .d,-d.reo ,h,r^d. - -. . ,,, po; . -d ol
13. Erpta'ns the qrven factorl4-6mt
r41 ..o -,"". irr. i-
suppon/nq dera lup i. a mJ rmLo otbmlc
4m lor an exp anation otone other fa. or, and
an ad.|lona/ma rorsuppon n9 d€ a/
up loa max 6um ot 6mks.l
aa ves, rhe sihha,a onty oo i.. or t, FrFBlrsn
::-:l:''"^:l!:--11 o . F r.qi' o,.o."r"q;
!o.F, i.. , e
"b" ^"r" " " "oa,.", o, e
I 'j'i," "unod Lanquaq€ A t { 1956 ) bv whrch Sinh,
pdi>E! nk :r" "d
I hF ou -r-td
-",, " ""","; ;:"" 1 ",;:::,:"",,:;".".1[;
"
51 ,do bFd ^
*, .*n"
'-"1 "^.,it-l-11: ron@ do-no,oedo 6 o,he.4.o,.bIJ ns,.oa A
o " ",
y.d!r q uen onstr .qdrfs th€ olicrar L:n.,,:.r a.
rn6 d1,. e6d6d
-f d!-eq 640
oioa.o,q.no
:;";:;'"'e' ,--'
E'plai^5 orher fa.tori,). t46mt
Na, the'Srnhata onty Dotic!;ar n.|h" most
imporl:nt reason. rather jl w,s
the question of citizenship riqhts tharw:s the
mosi import6.r reason.

18. $
tl
il ,*",;:;.15:jitT:,,{.";j,":i1;
"i.l;li"i
::;1
il ;l'l: : *Lt 1tt #:* ; *;u.T, +-. T ;;
tl *t*t r-i** i, i ql[* :ii1l, ;"*#
I
gqli'rt:n
I
#.+fn;:; t*:;i,
fi#*#ir*;a*ry
*n[+*r-*r*rffi
l-4: aoth etehents
ofL3 t7-1n_r
.:". s ;1 i;:il* i np'""J1 ^^%":::,1 :;""": ?,r.: ;:" . "" "
5::,ti""i5:lf
"::til,::;?:*ilT,"::.[Tif * j?.in jf lii,.,14 .0,n,"
'', "l*ff;'"::i:4.,;1;q3; 'jJ:"".;?llfi
r;J:il:ffi ,if,,
ii;*i,"ii ;..1ti:1^*",,,"'l; ';?:
t#il',fi .,i,+i.T"ii:
""i,T,Jit;,ii;?l
'-'r':':"' i9i::".:l:':":Tsano,den,ineqrac,o,s r,.4mi

19. I
eg. Yes the conllicr has had serous conseqlences for the country The
consequeic€s are of Ihre€ lypes politcal economicaid soca. Ot these the mosl
serioLs s lh€ e..non cconsequencas
e c Th€ conlict n sri Lanka has h:d maiy consequences such as the econoric
po itca and s.. alconsequ€nces Howev€r ldo not aQree thar rhe most serous was
th€ €co..d,. coosequences. Rather, itw:s
L3: Agrees OR Disagreesand Descrjbes either given / orher fa.ro(s).
e.g. Yes lhe mosl serous consequence was theeconomic mns€quences The riols
ol 1933 caused rnassive unefrpoyment for boih Tamits and Snhaese Peopte osr
lhen jobs as laclory workers pantation workers, etc Flnhernore, for€ign inv€stoN
lv€re irghlefed oll by the viol€nce aftl puted out lhen nveslnent troh the coLnlry.
Tourism, whch was a major revenue eaner lor Sri Lanka was simtarty badly
affecled Th€ d€crease in numbers of lounsl arva s h:d a senols efie.t .n .hs
I u, oLF rh4 ouro,-o
econody h:s been badly hit
eq No ldo nol aqree ihat lhe economc consequ€nce was lh€ mosl serous
conseqL€nce. Rather, I beleve I is th€ po uca conseqdence thal is the most
serous. Th€ Tam ls origina ly lred to !el what they wanted lhrough negotiations. Bll
nols toke out (eg. n 1933) As theTamisfound that lh€f d€mands w€re .ol beno
d. o-ad o ru, o orhF dtd n.Ne 16rr o
9- tr q a:
lhey wailed One was rhe use ol totence The LTTE b€gan lo anack lhe Sinhaese ^
as weLas lhe Tamlmemb.rs of the rulng party Ths armed conflct cost an
ncEasng numbe. oi rves Also, rhe conficl edrotnda ntetuenino nsriL.nkas
.l.'nrl doA o oncr ot r -dd on o e r;,"r
",0 ""r
changed to more dnecr inleryention {ln-droppnq ot food and pelroteum p.or!.ls)tn
Tamldofrinated areas Ths was n€xt tolowed, n Juty 1987, by Sr Lank being
pr€ssured nto sgning a p€ace accod whch a owed tnda lo s€nd peacekeepeE
nto sri Laika ro d sarm lhe LTTE However, the LTTE refused t. surenner hen
weapons ro llre lndians. This then led 1o clashes behree. t.dian peacekeepe.s and
LTTE Fi.arty the tndian torce was wirhdrawn nom Sr Lankd
e.0. No, Ihe economic conseqLence was not lhe most serious cons€qle.ce. The
most s€rous consequence was the sociatcons€qlence This meanrlh.l the conticr
c.lsed rroe-s€le dlsplacemenl of Tamts beyond the couilry,s borders Ma.v
Tamrs led the tightnq and went ro Tamt Nldu in Solih tnda. Furlhermore the
decaralon ol Hlgh SeduntyZon€s (HSZ)by lhe S.tLankan amed forces lo keep lhe
T-Ean". "."l.o "d'oad, drt e-n9 d.
'bd.
L4: Explains given factor. [6,3mi
l6' r,odr.o,,F1 4o'oorh.. or ro da "- 1a or o. do ed ng
1 add liona ma lor€ach detai !p lo a maxinrun ot B hks.l
eg Gven Facror Yes, lhe mosr was llre econom.
@, "q " e. I.F or o t63.,o Fo1r. i.e
rr ld.F F P.oo.e o r InF. |ob. o, ;.to1 pa
FldlremoE foreign nvesloB were fighten€d oJf ^ore vtotence
bythe and pu ed our lhe I
nvestment ifom lhe counlry Tourism, whch was a m.lor revenue €amer for sr
Lanka,wassidiarybadyafiected Thedecrcase n nunrbersof tourslatrvashada
seious efiecr on lobs r€ aled lo lourism thrs, due rhe outhrc.k (and
cantiruahce) of violence. the econatny has been badly hit. The toss ot jobs
meant hardship fot thousan.ls affahities and atso prcss!rc on the governheot
t aleviate the slffering of the peopte. fhe toss of foreign investhents meant
thatthe country could not develop q|ickty ard thefa| in the nu 5eroftourFrs

20. meant that the sovetnnenthad less revenues to
spend oh lhe davelopnent of
an,ennies an.t taciht?s sLch a hausina!. AI this would mean
povetly and hardship for the people in genetat.
Disasr€es and Erptarns Olher Fado(s).I6-smt
:"i: d" :r .o,F- rhlr rrp F onolr !o .Fq.t-
_?i ":"-:."- %"" I bF14.- | ,s rh. oo. .a .on.Fq.-ai6 .h" rh- , o I
^r.
m:,I:l 'tFq o:.- , ar .h. wanr-d .rcLo| eqo d o. .. B..
.:.::.- -": ."1't , to8r q-thp
"n!.ou.orha a Frilo ;erercI.-"_
. i-5 oi ,,otF,.6 _hb
| trf o69d_
4.o... o.n.r,eo.oro" nr"^"""s
llb:9 i.e-t,ooL rhF ro, ot n-o,rtiol bJ .","i,",n", _.."
l:ij:1,'-"_ ,
r-o4o b ",a ro,"i
'oddrFititF.oron,d{oporoor ._ ""i * .re, . p.o"" . -
nc- u,Fd nro.a1r9 o o.d.6 .o.o h..h ,o.; o p"".e,-";".
rnlo " "to^"di oa
sri Lank" ro d6am the LTTE. fowever, the LfiE re,used b aurender
a+-|dd in i F1 rEo ,o . d. he . bFh^een -o11 ihe;
^-.pot
,-lj,! | " y "" rno" ,o!e @ o6...ra6pFr .no
pot tcdt c,M@qFmes has been nat iust the tos<.. d.c as a tesu| tne
ateo-a b. h ot t Fspect fot sri 1 an^a s sovg eQnty
of thousands of hte< but
when lndd intetuened,
. dn,Fqrer- sa . , o. !dql-, 6 L d
n o lsanou on.a- F d.the o.r!o..ao -.e
t1.Tea..th".rhF,onr
d i" to -anr r.,l!d- tr so .
o .Ermo Hqh-. L r.70 eiH!/,.. rhFo,,Lonta, t-od. r ulF-m o- h:
'
. o.droran) dnr. rhus.tne.onthcthrs
-_.'.!-"_*"1: ":
.aus* taee numhets of famits b ne. then n..* *a u"a, **ttiiq
tnese, rFfuge.s hving ,i
in overcto@ed rctuice canps at wirh rct.tives ot
L5: Bothaspects ol L4 [9-t1m]
-n rr or aND oes
u , m€xpranstrrryAarees and Dsaore€< l
L6: Rearhe" a batanced concrusr;n bas.d on ,n expt.nanon o, ra.rors
covered in 15. [ 12-13m]
lbl'lhe economiL impaLt ofthc Tamit-sinhateso conflicl has
Lo.sn Lanka than irs potiticat inpact, , How tar do you
agree?
superticial answer sivenia;suDooriedr
Awad 1 ma.i{ ror a basic ans;;. ,.; ""
rorr -Ta1,-.i..d-".orn
tr,o
@-, .o" dald, a o S- t"nd
"" . .",
oo r aor'ar6d
' .ored i
""n, potl.d no" I ne
.. Ld;,._"",,:.".r;.:.;:":; qo, o..F. o 1,;,:"
L. nt-. a d tdr #,;"."i,:: 1rie.

21. LGrreaohard lrE t$;.
Awmd 3-a fr As ro, a sl;d"
torn{5)orimpicl ETTHER or BorH
l
ij;|:;#,1it!!Ii. itSit":j- jt,l?H -,
ff [;11;;;i1", ""
l* iiii:iJff il,""l"Jii.l"nr,, s,nha ese conric, was
ahed
l:,r:*:j"l':r ":: """'-'":". :;
1
L3 An,lysis and.{pla,ali;.
Award,5-8
t ,.
m ts tor r thorouqh epian*or
ofhow
l;s"ii
"t,.p*r "* a"."g.q ETTHER
lii" ;;;; :#il;|: ,:^si_!1lf ,h.,,n
?i's11:'jhe.rami,
sinha,* ed d has r.l
.,i;",";;;"j;;:;:.;
j".l,tfi fl
::ll,t*t iJ"*"1"1il;:":" ;:T ?i. Jff .""[ff :
;t!1.J
;:,lljf lI", :lf
T":f:;
":i:11'?.-;#J#;;.
l:i::.x,t::::"'t11.:"r-r.t -;";;H:j"il";::: ;"',::;'fl '
i,::i ;:r,$ j,:ff il"J-,r i i#[i:.i#:T",,f" 1;til1
:i|11,.111""',:+*:1r : ;"i:"iL:;' |fi ji"il'.)
;;"
l.jil,fj"':',', ji lg ":r;.ff J i"'H;?:ililif#J;'ffi
:li:;rs:ii,_::i r:iiii,t!,11"1.;;"",11 ;.
r.,-",, *,.r*. L'0" ;;:i,,;, iliS
i"ili':l xF.:,j,l,::,il :
^
+Ur,,; l^l r::" -a;""ii;:,' "l11'1
," -
:."
::" r: ;.,;".":.: , l'
;""":,,,:"":""":;:":
:,.-""
";d ,u
"
^-
",^
Jiffi,:ifiT'1tn*
***s*lr,,,;+:l.;Nffi**'

22. Id
It
tl i!:ilji'ii"ri"*:':.Tar.g:tr.:f,;'"*
ilr
il
F *:u*gm**t*W
t i,I*i,ffti
ig1*1$d;#,":*$,1#*tri'ffi
d Yes, the ecoromic impact
of rhc Ta,nr Snha qe.ont.r
more oanagtno lo SrtLanta h.s hepn
Ihan js polrriG/ihp:.r
I
I
I
[r,til#*i+'++rn+tt
Busnassas ftom oulside
q/ow Sr L:nr; $cre npedFd tor G econom!
rlre ont prob en
was h:i rew rore,ln Lo
nu"r na rtrrruot,"A,n nve<oa wanr.a r
"ornt,y "
mjr++ti:;,:lW
5,*fr ;fr}f fl ;.;*r,ffi ft i,i,:,""';.*,ii.,''13',*
'' rn! '. ,D ,..-",";.'-.;:'".""'. li' :.'"
,

23. E..r'' l,- -.o.on' $"s a1e(Fo b"di wrn .e ro.crror ,n
r on€ or lounsr ndulrv, rmr" @s a o!( o.tu d> ro deL.op
amenil es such as transportand houstng.
Tne result of a I ihe abde s thal Srj Lanka has one of the poor€st
^lardd ds o'lrvng . A.d at ts aco.ony 6nlt ues to da oen,no
lhal or ils more ptospe@us n€iqhbour, tndia.
Award 9-12 harks forlhorough €xptanations of how BOTH
forms ol impact w6r. dahasins
hows cons.quen@s and resuttstirh;a;;;Grdthici
Award 12 m.rks for L4 PLUS, thoroush explanation ot why
ONE form of inpact was TMORE danaqins th.n the OTHER
Overa I the politicat impact ot lhe TamlSnhalese @nfitct _ in
parllcllar, Ihe amed conflict and vioence
- has be6n most
dao4.lo ro S. Ldnka D e o lhe poi Gtdsaa,e€nerts oehr"en
lhF S.nhrlese ano resep66l,sr tents trrun,-oro-os
Lrrr ose ro orori a-@ thcn use ot viotence adve "u. r :s me
resurleo in
deGdp! or c, wd Lir'e rbolh dri. a.d S.n-d"sei hdve been
lo, T5ese rr,ude nm,e.r.rvitdrsandhto.er too TheiarluJ€ ol
lhe Tamils and the Sinhatese lo €ach a potiti€l aareemenl has
orr/ T€d I .o h.ued toFnce. wh(r
.oenF r additiol s.thour lhed co-nrt, noic wold d.5o.ol
hav6 a reason ro inlery6ne rn sn L:ntas.t.mc<ie:tr n<
Allhoug siO-t.ant, rrs economic impact ot lhe tdr l-S n.a ese
@n-iclLras nol b6en a. danlo,lo ro Sn tanta A houoh it h
diTcuii lo p@ve I iee thdt I urar tvee a-d trv1q . oe;*
hamony are mo€ inpodanfthan economr prospe y. -o
ln addiiior, lh6 economic impacl of the Tamilsinhalese @nnict
may achrally be seen as a @sull / subset oi armed confiict. The
.rmed conAid meanl lhal Sn Lanka tosi ils altEliveness as a lourtst
a rd.lion. li rere {a" o a n6d (orn , oreo- nveslors troJto
1ol lave e1 le cou1ry as r" country @ud s.,t be $fe ior
nve^h€nl hdustfr n qere,.t oLd bo ,e!r.E ano
lnemployment woutd not be so high

24. fl
fl 2 Conuid in rvTufii-Erhnrc So.rety
fl lh€ marn cause of confticl betwee,
rn Norrhern ket.nd? Erpta,n vour
fl 112l
[.l li:i" i::: fl.:E:J
I
j
L2
[1t'"..ii....t n,i:.**'.",, ",
' r'si;: 11"1;331;"" r'."
I '1ii"";'l**;tirffi
l:,,s""'ift '::ili";"":':T": o ni ". ;,.-'h" " o
",,- " d
I lL3 I Award sjven ractor oR ornerracrors
ExptairllF-
l
I
4 m fd an etptanahon a.d I+61
'uoooilodora.i.ioztro,-,n oro" r'addl,on:/ m
- -'-' 'dn d
" ,
le9 ii€ lathot.s see lhemse lee as kEh:n,l w:nr I
ba,eu,"a wi aeor,..
i ore o s,rr 4d "wd, "i,";:j on ;"';: ";":,."';?l:
." ;;
F - ", ".""
"." ". ";, o
.e ,..
"l# i:;il."il;:)T^:;"lha rhc.,rh^i; _,
l:;;::lT.;.H:-:;Jl:
I I luverneo bv rhe a.Gh Thev tnew
g+*+rl:+,';lr"q-iriF++**l*5
I
I
I
I
1::,*------ ,::
jrli;!:ii",'-"1"r
i:;;, ;:,i" :;::'i,':i""::':';
]
I ]li"-{ffi * =*nfll*i+':,,;."'.'i"ai
lrr0 oo /",".:,;; ""
"
" i":fl11T'"
" **"irrr*rrr',.
qrv.n raLro' ahd'oun'n'u'
--'-*--'*,
o,n-,l
'0"*n0"" nr
t3:,"";;*''"'' u'' no" "non""oo'o'"""'o''ol
I
r6 Ls., pr6 Frariv€ ihporranceol d*rerenrr"o.,". 1,,,_
Db.c ia. -;"
:::1,r ., e "; " ;'is rheir 1 i;i-
uMFoiiodhslierd,d.o.o.n.r
^exprdihs.rhe
I
:i:'1:,i:;.:1';:ji",i:,","",, t "^"" rn!
iru.idi hal -ed to bF a^.,d "
o q--," .nr"loo, ..o.r.-lo i
"d1roa.!.0,.nd o,-""o "."1q. or%a..". - aft,atr^.i
"d 1 ro a. !.0r.nd orp" 0
" "._,e.q%a..". dtr

25. I
d o1.dftq<fr. o -. rc.qo, -,
o6 o h1.ol oLo,9 od,/ o !olh4r, 6tana d.d uo..
lowards progress and econohicg.owlh When this s achieved at
oth€r rcasons would not be great y fer
(b)Here are thre6 consequences ofthe protestants and the
loss of investmehts toihe country
seqregation berweon rhe protestant and
loss of lives
Which otthose is the frost serious consequence for the
, , lapluh y9!I9!q.91. I13l
wto,o'U"oHErllol
A'3rd imari ror ea.h dera
e1l ManyJoreiqn nvesroE whocdurd ha v€ conrib uled lo ils
AMr'l 5 ma*s ror an erp a ned aid addlona frarks {or any suppDniia
es The rension belween rhe Protesbnls aid the carho ics had brouqhr
aboul economic .erercuss ons su.h as oss or Nesrmenls M y rorebn
9 1" 1p'o,eo I L
13, prus exprairc othsractor{3t
d4a,01d,,o. do.dn do .F.o
D"oo"ion}'|"e10'a'-q'o'
up in an atmosphere of renson a
Carhoi.s have aso been segreqared socia y in lire way rhev ive wori. and
r
pay s s.m4m6 pcs bre for younn pe.pre n Nod;,ni,eaid b
srow
b,^do, t. .rc
Roarres a ba.r, ed ,oncruson
112-
131

26. Theme: contlicl and Harmohyin Mutti-Ethnic societties
Ch 4: Bondins Stnqapo.e
l| To what extenl can selt-hetp groups toster closer interacrion and
undersranding among difier€nt elhnic qroups in Singapore? Exptain
tr 1121
F I I WrilFs about
:;
iwithout
and
rocus 'a!Ei quesnon asks.
on whar 'ehgious
hah;ny amonq Singaporeans
;:;'J:;:;i::i';:.1: " .,
1-2
I 2
;:;
'6qddlF.!oi d,6 cgidqco'i6qo - o "., de5", """ """","
D o
rlFp.op- 6 re."!, drc r o" ,rdnd fte, ; he,en, . .
D.sc bes the 9.v€n "
.
ooDo;unrr e nr
I
I faclor. OR ,dentifierd€scribe, orh.rfacio,rs)
a^dd )na. .b. on- td, ta o1
de.'D".
,Fq -.p Io.p a.- d!-, ,e,.on o€ in t. e,n. .o cr
sF
rd d q
"rolq or'" De."opn- ir-, .
'i orpo " s_ d. rr- , DA, i.- Fenr €lhnr -.-, A.. t"1e
T ou I c )D! D6,.ioo, ba .o? ahor r
VFDA rd d tle EL di"r. ,oi a o. T.-rF ,c -h4'p I^,
o-p..s
fl '- re_ .oL1J- ro ob'or ,". | .d", a.o.;d;! ro. th",.
",
jobs They also give mora sLpporl to members oflheir own commufdv
I .oo-.nd!o.o-d^. o.a.nothF.a.,v ,oi,, prola .1. d,L.o
proqGmmes ae run by these sethetp qroups and socat and
F edondla.6n .r. ororn/..
'o.tro rorl Iethnr
t groups ro nreru crand o€ atano w Lh one,n. h.r 'roro,t--
E:pErne rho g,ven taclor. OR other t.do,(sJ
A||ard 4 hatus lat an exptained t'actot, and a.l(ti onal natus tar
Taa
s,ppa ing delail up to a haxjnun Dl 6 n.rks
nl
.2'Ernroi." o /ic ,d@ .
o.ob6,d c.-ab., e.",o,no,prd ".
I bA_du . Tlp. rcr
'
- ."s" th;r "r"re "q-" b"!,e re
dc d od4 'o odJ |
" o ou d no
o -rn-,-i"r ,o""o" oi"r-
1'd-.: - "'" .F'.'o v B/ a,L.d1,a.oyJt, a.o -dr.o.a
rgr-1aj:tpe
i d r,9 rr. rraa E
'a
"
o m-ow& 5naapde dTF" IF, i.o,orp.troLto -Ftr,"r1"."d
"ep-o&
I dneren.es and wor( loae herforthe naLon
Explains tho qiven lactorand r'.jentifEtdescnbejiher f&im
I L3 + exptains orher racrb(s).
A||ard a frarks fq L3 pt,s a secahd t'a.tot exDlajne.l wnh
n ..1 lat ..ld at o. Lapa1: I . tan -t.o.. axe4 ta nitr:
I srpponihg infarnalion., up Ia a naihon of 11 n.rks
E9 Aesides butdng a strmg nationa idenlity, it is ltso inportanl to
I atFo ."rd lhF i t" a I
d. Mot.r .r
'oa., I rd.,en n qdpo,- d, o pt /

27. t- annpordi oli
' .:1.: "l
dd oldo
vl:j: pa,,. prrao I:t:rrr,ar. I v.-p,p.den.,.l
;; rh;-;; i"p ".ar",on
illli.l!'ir-" *
padoF d, r",Fl
::111'l:-'i:. ".r.,..o.dndoiro,.o.."*L...a..",r-
u-G .d, d. oorhF e,h' .src p. oh..edoq€r
ou,d "o qq bonds Moi:9:€! (nooq d o prd, ro
" Di.-, ,.," "
,o .o " nore
::.1 !: ," 9'^9 dno tFa ad /o4 oooonL.,;. b.
or1r0r4 n. CA -. onF a. o.aF,
.r d".,3
..ro,9. qd ,a
.
^,h
, o, n o .paf cnong oi..rent p n o.o,p
;:::_"" i4e.
nd4qv L: t-d e,.notF r.-,RLL.ord.i.e,,.,tstoptd -.o.
a"po,e"n. o 'h" dr.l;.-nt,er,a.oL, prd.,,,-
F or'cre.f, ai o, q rha
a6 oa6.4opdru -..no6,ra ;"s. orfierenr F F<
-""".,;;;
15, prus exptains the retarive ih;;r=a..e
or dirrerent f&
.cr- rhF 4 o. ifoola.r .5-He'ps.oupc qr
::::-_:,-"-i:," , +",, ;- n. q.o;,l
;:ilT.":i"i"lr . :e :: ;.::;":i" Hl -"'; I j:;" ;" ::T::
,Fr-r , or", o, r' ," ., 6, o l,;:.i." ., ,
" "
:i-"_-", 1d',1!-" 4h. rnF, or. ,orr.nry .ol """
""",'. " ", u.,,ron
o, -pr,, o ore., e
"-
o,o"n Fd Wi',o no,.o., ,no
uour r dd b. d,f I ,o oc. .e.upool .a-,,",p
o ndrbF, o.6.
roa ogerhq. oa..rt .a.Ton, .hoLd
:-.0 :ld ^,. elnde arorp, bp(au!. orF. 1.rL,o_ no, n d
__
stdn
rrpoirdr ' par n
ip
f06atnd mE dtli q r. "4!=. t, ro th- .c ou.4rf1,! q,oq.o.pro
roor_"n, - d,, I orr,
trF malonry bero e.nV !nde6.ndnq reposrbte

28. E
; 3(b) Here a.eth.eeways singaporeans can bond:
. Ethnic intesration policy
al !
.
Bilingualpolicy
NationalSepice
ff which of these is most efieclive in bringihg
cohesion amonq Singaporeans of difierent races?
t13ml
rr Wrjles about greater social cohesion wilhout focus on the
t Award 1 natu Iot genetal rcspansa ta queslon ahd 2 natks fat
idehfiyQg alhet rcleftnl faclots.
Eq ls a need for
Il There Slngaporeans
I Describinq qiven lactor
Awat.l 3 natks for .lescibing lactu an.J 4 n ks lat supp.ning
Eg. The policy of biingualsm n schools ls most efieclive in bringirc
rn abou( grealq soca cohesion among slldenls irom different ethnic or
mcizl arolps TheV communicate n Enqish and lherefore, can
rl underctand aod wo coser logeiher
tl Awatu 5 natks lat ane valid erplahatbh 6 natks for t
L2 + gmost essons are laughl n Enoish lhis means Ihere are
a up lo a
u more opporruniiies for srud€nts lo inleract Lsinq lhe same lenguaqe
E9!_s!3!]pl9 durns ressons or ccAs {cocurcular activities),
sludents @ud work i. groups lo acconp ish a q ven lask or neel €
t sp€clic larget They are 4bq glven a fanchance 1o prove theirablity
based on equalopponun es n this regard, a student leader may be
from th€ friiorty dce bul h€ may be qven the respofsblly lo ook
atler or lead a u.iiormed goup @mprisin! mostLy of olher ethnic
grolps Funhemore,lhere ls no lear lhar ethnic gmups will lose lhet
unique idenfity because during the MolherTongue lessons,lhere are
ampre opportui lies lo be e&osed to culluraror rradlionalval!es,I9!
examole, dance movements mud ncorporat€ va ous ethnic slyles
renecwe of the ich cultura tEd lion of a paniculerelhnlc group.
Awatd t hatks fat explainng ane athet lactat with delails at 11
etadples up ta 6 haxinun ol 11 harks
L3 + Besides the b ifgua polcy. the elhnc lnl€qraton policy s
introduced by rhe NDB (Housng and Developnenl Board) to loster
clos€r inleracton amonq residenls Th€ l-lDB ensures lhis by
ensunng an even dishbution ot Ihe differcnt races n a llhe housng
eslales This s because ivinq lo,relher in the sam€ fel,lhbou ood
provd€s opporrunlies for p€ople from differeft elhnic groups lo

29. L2 Describes the given lactor OR idehtittes/describes other [3J]
Alv:rd 3 marks f., des.rbhq lrre q ven factor OR
denl fyinqid!scfb no olheria.l.(s). Alvard 4 m.rks lor b.rh
.g Lt-.t.at thte.l ltkD trcrsnaianal teran.n c.h tea.l la
.lish.monl .. d c.nlh.l anang Shgapate.ns
Exp a ns the qiven racro. oR olherracro(s) 1,1.61
Award 4 nrarks f.r..e{panatof..nd addtona marks f.r.ny
supponnC a.la b a nrainrud ol6 marks
a9 Ltle )at .lhrcals c.naintt pase.l as on€ of the most
.ha enging tssLe ih Sntqar)arc Shqap.te needs t. hanttte
exlenal lhteats catelLty as can divi.Ja the pcaplc ltr nDlti
elhni. sa.reles hke Sjngaparc, tace an.J rchgon nay be use.i ta
' a...-tt. a.p 1 .
thteaten ncial and rcligtaus hann.ny in Sinlj.pue Fat ex.rnple
Nhen Singapate expcncnce.t lhe lhreat af lnnsnalnnal tetuisn)
in 2AA1 which n nat h.ntlle catetulll night need la tenson
hetw.cn th. MDstihs and athu etbbus qratp:: h
Snrg.pate
The nixed rca.tians sha. e.t bf thc Shg.parcanstDth..ncst.t
thc Jl teadet. .hawe.l an Leenl neetl to ersure that so.E/
.:.hesran vas nat anected
....t -9...
Sngapore is very irnpaila.l in ensuing social .ohest.n .nd
hann.n! ih a nuln-ehnic sacrely Ihe lack at undestanding
lodp'
adang ractal graLps Fat eanplc, in 1961 Sh1g.p.rc
cxpciencett lhe race riats whi.h led ta seiaus injunes and
dealhs fhe.aDse.l lhts at was the tl feeihgs th.t wete cte.ted
b! lhe uMllo nt lhcn 1lehtpl to aftack th. PAP dunng rhcir.nti
PAP canp.iQ, they arcDse.J feetnrgs af .tssatista.trcn ananq
lhe Malays that the PAP di.J n.1trcal Utet, lait! an.t tesu|e.J nr
t€n.rons bel||een thc M.tays an.l Chhese The Lessan I clcar
lhat ncial i$De can lea.l l. sctia]s cansettoence ta the.a@tty it
pet.eptlans ate .al ilha1ed wall
Religiaus issre c.n .lsa lhteaten thc hamany and F.ac. af .
nu!, cthric sactely n not tnanage ||eL Lesans leant t@n the
Matia Hcnaah tials in the 195As telt ts |)al .Jilletenl teligi.rs
betiets and pra.ti..s ate alsa issues th.t can b usc.l t. .t..t.
tensian an.4 lhe peaple af singapote. l he M6iints werc arytf
vqlh lhe Bitsh fat be)ng tnsensitive an.l .listcsp.cttl ta rh.n
t.liatian phct.es an.lbeliefs fhey atsatelt that the Bnrsh thd nat
loak inta lh.n wetl.te Ihe n..lia t.a wete nesp.n.rbte n) lhen
t,.p..l ctealjne rcsentncnts ah.l halre.l anang the lluslms Thrs
rcsulcd iniatence ||hich left bchin.l desltr.tbn an.J lass autves
Explainsthe givenfactorAND identitiesothertacro(s) lll

30. "60r6 d"d
'.il'-. ..-, o. o ' ri
^^' o 3
glven AND olherfaclo(s)
'o
e& a;ations ol lhe
rd + constucts an €xplanation which considers the inte' [11
i
ii"ir.i"Jili-iit,j"" *.se oteasons or comparaiive 121
p. tA L4D'lPa ata'dt^tlor "_q"ni pnos h"rJa qt
, ,; t;, :;,;L: ...n.. a .- t ,
", . o t-t. : lrtb to
-".,i"i.,".-.",.*,px, r''he^P Gno -nPo *t tb
;"i .."'-^.4 a
:;:;;dtshaman! h lhe sacielt
crcale
How far do vou aqr.o thar lostering a natonalidenlitv
ic lhe
.i'".'i.JirJ"ri," i" *ii ;-'q.
erhnlc drve*rrv ia sinoapo'e1 lr rl
L1 Answ.6 on thetopic, but notaddr€ssing the qlestion t1-2],
e.' t. a httt.-hn: a.d) tle 1n'cpo ' :d'lrtt r't
r 'r'40aFd^ lo
.,'.'". ha nq o '.to aI "3Lt'
",i-"r" '".,a
L2 Desc be" national idenlilv ANDTOR anolher laclorrsl 4l
r r.' o " 'i ro 11a1s or dloll'"r a(o
^--'"bed-,'r' additonalmaris-"fo. dela Ls g ven
desc Award
.. fn.te aP'nan '""h.t he gaqr4 n toooe ' r "o '
;";.,,,, :.."" ,-a"po . -; . a;"
"i^."i, t' u n"rcnat "htl"F t" nno thP
'r; r'enq tne
,iiii" )ii-i"nii'pang i ti" rtasraisins cetenonv ih srh'ois
"
lostennq a nalion.l LdeniLly a good wav ro 5 7l
diversity OR olh.r methods lo ranage e!hnrc
have va d contexlual supporl. Award 5 ma s
and addillona marks torany slppodng delai
6tn ;
-.o ore r.- er au qa - rba daaD o 'a1'aP dt oto
o,
D a'9 d dla'- ide'hl
.*"a:dea^ ' /.,1li tut
,i.-ii."-'".n- i-,nq eo.-oo"-"oo"' o"n o'"
'oo
;;.;;.;.;'." , -F a-s
"n"u" rttt
'.:,,;i,,; ";"-..." "o1i .tp^- '"'aa. s na"Da """ r' '
i-i". i. *"*' " *n. ,r"
a.t, ..d t atana. p
tn t,t
t;;., .a"p..-"" oo a'aab ,'da'
r e;ptc .l dtte@nt ba.l q aDna tllue and @xttan

31. F
F
il :an.-
.a.6^
n-Fltda
:)::U.11:lonPd'1.^'Dld.a.aJ't-'''d'h'''
t'-cp. n ,". _".to."oi_e
"."
a-.c,..q
".m-e n
il,| mLD L
"'. "." *d
a M-dl
il ?.
rnat thq
i1aoao'ta"
aptnons arc .htad and h..ad
I !:plain whv.rs fdsronng a nationa, ideniiry a qood *av lo
manage ethnic divdsitv oR ou,",."rnor"
io min,s.
.8.,
r gorn r ,-",or pt", A{.,0 "rr,ni(
B 1d4i ,o 6,p..i ,.q o.6 .,o. ano
oenr/n.d4 brgrhFors.,o" qracor ai. or",o"rrs
!o_q.F and addi o d na,r..o,d .Doo,ro 06;r. po.
I L5 Ia - redch6 a batdn(ed cofttusron erptici v ad.rress,ng
'how ra. do you aqree, I ._
E -. 1t'r t d agna-.tat.t
n"a -ta-" .F-deo.
I 1.":''"' ;
r'2wlas D.aotc "'"
6t 'a a'a1a ob1e o L)d,.
d af- a.o,nana.tut
I pranatcd at eve.
- - r et". ."o"aoia ., , ror
letetarhp.i)nt^
ul 2 Bonding Singaporc
I ldl or d e-b
o,r 'r SnodoorF L,o'r ,-n 4cr
..-,o npo.",t o. -o.
I L1
B:::iiT:"Ti:i:l"i "^"* tr rerared nrdma,,m wrhour1.l,r
I ::::!a" - !:r 1t
b-"
a lL"n - t.a, a-.dLe au
I ean t -t h dhq BF .ap t p-, . o . ,,;,, ,a
.e, "p.an a.. 1.a tt - "t -.
I tDF
I 'qd.
bF r6d.
0.6
ou. o, on I 13-41
I fhrcals t'r.tn etienal larccs .ane in the
It,,py:r i;t, i ;
i. ; J Z ii