2. WHAT IS BARCODE ?
A bar code is the small image of lines (bars) and spaces
that is affixed to retail store items, identification cards, and identify a particular product number,
person, or location.
The code uses a sequence of vertical bars and spaces to represent numbers and other symbols.
A bar code symbol typically consists of five parts: a quiet zone, a start character, data characters
(including an optional check character), a stop character, and another quiet zone.
3. Why use barcodes?
As far back as the 1960s, barcodes were
used in industrial work environments. Some
of the early implementations of barcodes
included the ability identify
rail,road,cars,etc……
In the early 1970s, common barcodes
started appearing on grocery shelves. To
automate the process of identifying grocery
items, UPC barcodes were placed on
products.
Today, barcodes are just about everywhere
and are used for identification in almost all
types of business.
4. Types of barcode
Mainly the barcodes are of three types
1.Alpha-numeric
barcodes
2.Numeric-only
barcodes
3.2-Dimensional
barcodes
5. Alpha-numeric barcodes
Code 128: Very capable code, excellent density, high
reliability; in very wide use world-wide
Code 39: General-purpose code in very wide use world-wide
Code 93: Compact code similar to Code 39
LOGMARS: Same as Code 39, this is the U.S. Government
specification
6. Numeric-only barcodes
Codabar: Older code often used in library systems, sometimes in blood banks
Code 11: Used primarily for labeling telecommunications equipment
EAN-13: European Article Numbering international retail product code
EAN-8: Compressed version of EAN code for use on small products
Interleaved 2 of 5: Compact numeric code, widely used in industry, air cargo
UPC-A: Universal product code seen on almost all retail products in the USA and
Canada
UPC-E: Compressed version of UPC code for use on small products
7. 2-Dimensional barcodes
PDF417: Excellent for encoding large amounts of data
DataMatrix: Can hold large amounts of data, especially suited
for making very small codes
Maxicode: Fixed length, used by United Parcel Service for
automated package sorting
QR Code: Used for material control and order confirmation
8. The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the
“flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was
issued.
The some of the country codes are showing below
figure :
9. CODE COUNTRY
00-13 USA & Canada
20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)
30-37 France
380 Bulgaria
383 Slovenia
385 Croatia
387 Bosnia-Herzegovina
400-440 Germany
45 Japan
46 Russian Federation
471 Taiwan
474 Estonia
475 Latvia
476 Azerbaijan
477 Lithuania
478 Uzbekistan
479 Sri Lanka
480 Philippines
481 Belarus
482 Ukraine
484 Moldova
485 Armenia
486 Georgia
487 Kazakhstan
489 Hong Kong
10. Working of Barcode
Laser beam is incident on a mirror/prism which is then
directed on the barcode from left to right.
The dark bars of barcode absorb the incident light but the
light is reflected by light spaces.
Photodiode measures the reflected light and gives out
electrical signal. The analog electrical signal is then
converted into digital one. And corresponding barcode is
read.
11. Advantages
REPRESENT UNIQUE
IDENTITY OF A PRODUCT
ACCURACY OF DATA INPUT
(ERROR FREE)
LABOUR SAVINGS BY
AVOIDING MANUAL
SYSTEM
MORE ACCURATE DESPATCH
COST EFFICIENT
REAL TIME DATA
COLLECTION
MEASUREMENT OF WORK
IN PROGRESS
THROUGHOUT THE
FACTORY
RAPID ACCESS TO TOTAL
PRODUCTION COSTS
12. Disadvantages
System Failure may cost more delays.
Scratched or crumpled barcodes may
cause problems
Data must be coded in the barcode
In laser scanning, durability and cost are
the two disadvantages
13. Conclusion and Future Scope
• Barcodes — especially the UPC — have slowly become an
essential part of modern civilization.
• Their use is widespread, and the technology behind barcodes
is constantly improving.
• Almost every item purchased from a grocery store,
department store, and mass merchandiser has a UPC barcode
on it. This greatly helps in keeping track of a large number of
items in a store
• Entertainment event tickets can have barcodes that need to
be validated before allowing the holder to enter cinemas,
theatres, transportation etc.
• This can allow the proprietor to identify duplicate or
fraudulent tickets more easily
14. REFERENCES
• Automating Management Information Systems: Barcode Engineering and Implementation – Harry
E. Burke,Thomson Learning, ISBN 0-442-20712-3
• Automating Management Information Systems: Principles of Barcode Applications – Harry E.
Burke, Thomson Learning, ISBN 0-442-20667-4
• The Bar Code Book – Roger C.Palmer, Helmers Publishing, ISBN 0-911261-09-5,386 pages
• The Bar Code Manual – Eugene F. Brighan, Thompson Learning, ISBN0-03-016173-8
• Handbook of Bar Coding Systems – Harry E. Burke, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, ISBN 978-0-
442-21430-2,219 pages
