1.
M R S S A M I R A A A B D U L L A H I
Burkitt lymphoma

2.
 Lymphoma is the name for a group of blood cancers
that develop in the lymphatic system. Hodgkin
lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma are the two
main types.

3.
 Both Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's
lymphoma are lymphomas — a type of cancer that
begins in a subset of white blood cells called
lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are an integral part of
your immune system, which protects you from
germs.
 The main difference between Hodgkin's lymphoma
and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is in the specific
lymphocyte each involves.

4.
 If in examining the cells, the doctor detects the
presence of a specific type of abnormal cell called a
Reed-Sternberg cell, the lymphoma is classified as
Hodgkin's. If the Reed-Sternberg cell is not present,
the lymphoma is classified as non-Hodgkin's.

5.
Introduction
 Burkitt lymphoma is a fast-growing form of blood
cancer that can affect adults and children.
 Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive non-
Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma. The disease is associated
with Epstein Barr virus (EBV), human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and chromosomal
translocations that cause the overexpression of
oncogene c-myc

6.
 Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is associated with Epstein
Barr virus (EBV). The exact mechanism underlying
EBV and B-cell malignancy remains unclear. EBNA1
protein is an EBV latent protein expressed in
endemic BL. EBNA2 gene deletion leads to the
expression of EBNA3 genes (i.e., EBNA3A-C). Tumor
cells derived from these cell lines are resistant to
apoptosis;

7.
 the MYC family is composed of regulator genes and
oncogenes that encode transcription factors that
regulate the cell cycle. Translocations of the c-
MYC gene on chromosome 8 is the hallmark of BL

8.
 There are three subtypes of Burkitt lymphoma,
which tend to affect different types of people

9.
 Sporadic Burkitt lymphoma is the most common
subtype in the UK.Sporadic Burkitt lymphoma is
sometimes linked to infection with Epstein-Barr
virus (EBV – the virus that causes glandular fever). It
can affect people of any age, but it typically develops
in children and young adults.

10.
 Immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt lymphoma
sometimes develops in people who have HIV or in
people who have had an organ transplant. •
 Endemic Burkitt lymphoma is more common in
areas where malaria is widespread (endemic), such
as equatorial Africa, Brazil and Papua New Guinea. It
is linked to infection with malaria and EBV. It
usually develops in young children.

11.
symptoms
 Burkitt lymphoma grows very rapidly, which means
that symptoms usually develop quickly, over just a
few days or weeks. The most common symptom is
one or more lumps, which often develop in several
parts of your body. These are swollen lymph nodes.

12.
diagnosis
 Diagnosis and staging Burkitt lymphoma is
diagnosed with a small operation called a biopsy. A
sample of tissue that is affected by lymphoma, such
as a swollen lymph node, is removed, usually under
local anaesthetic. An expert lymphoma pathologist
examines the sample under a microscope and does
specialist tests on the tissue to find out what type of
lymphoma it is.

13.
treatment
 Most people with Burkitt lymphoma have
chemotherapy combined with the antibody
treatment rituximab. Y

14.
 Histopathologic diagnosis is based on biopsy
of lymph node or tissue from another
suspected disease site, such as the bone
marrow. Rarely, laparoscopy may be used for both
diagnosis and treatment. Staging studies must be
expedited because the tumor grows rapidly.

15.
 Burkitt lymphoma is usually treated with a number
of different chemotherapy drugs and a
targeted immunotherapy drug called
rituximab (Mabthera). You might hear this
combination called chemoimmunotherapy