The document provides details about a PowerPoint presentation on the French Revolution from 1789-1799. It lists the contents covered, including causes of the revolution such as social, economic, and political causes. It describes key events like the formation of the National Assembly, the storming of the Bastille, and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in France. It also discusses figures like Robespierre and the Jacobins, and the eventual fall of the Jacobin government. In 3 sentences or less: This document outlines the contents of a PowerPoint presentation about the causes and major events of the French Revolution from 1789-1799, including the formation of the National Assembly, storming of the Bastille, and establishment
3. Contents Causes The Social Cause/Society under the Old Regime I’st Estate II’nd Estate III’rd Estate The Three Estates Cont. Economic Cause France Is Bankrupt Political Cause Role of the Middle Class Immediate Cause Intellectual Cause
4. The Estate General Formation and Voting Procedure Under Old Regime Outbreak Of Revolution Economic Conditions under theOld Regime Formation of National Assembly National Assembly (1789-1791) The Tennis Court Oath Storming the Bastille France becomes a Constitutional Monarchy End of Special Privileges of the Rights of Man and Citizens Declaration of the Rights of Man Declaration of the Rights of Woman End of Special Privileges
5. Role Played by the Rulers of Austria and Prussia Formation of the Jacobin’s Club Leader of the Jacobin’s Club Storming of the Palace of Tuilleries France abolishes Monarchy and Becomes a Republic Robespierre’s Reign of Terror, 1793-94 Fall of the Jacobin’s Government on 11 November 1794 and Establishment of a new Constitution Role Of the Napoleon Bonaparte Women as Revolutionaries Abolition of Slavery Death of Napoleon Bonaparte Acknowledgement
6.
7. One of the main factors that led to the French Revolution was the unbalanced social structure of society during the Old Regime.
32. Added to this was the cost of maintaining an extravagant court at the immense palace of Versailles.
33. Under Louis XVI, France helped the thirteen American colonies to gain their independence from the common enemy, Britain. The war added more than a billion livres to a debt that had already risen to more than 2 billion livres.
34. Lenders who gave the state credit, now began to charge 10 per cent interest on loans. So the French government was obliged to spend an increasing percentage of its budget on interest payments alone. To meet its regular expenses, such as the cost of maintaining an army, the court, running government offices or universities, the state was forced to increase taxes. Yet even this measure would not have sufficed.
35.
36.
37. Louis XVI wanted to increase his territory. And to do so, he had to be engaged in wars which meant that he needed a large army for that purpose. Appointing so many soldiers, required money to pay salaries to them. It depleted the Royal treasury. As a result, the king was forced to raise the taxes with the consent of the three estates . As the common people had to pay taxes, they became agitated against their monarch – Louis XVI.
38.
39. In addition to merchants and manufacturers, the third estate included professions such as lawyers or administrative officials which were educated.
40.
41. Jean Jacques Rousseau , in his ‘Two Treatises’ of Government, Locke sought to refute the doctrine of the divine and absolute right of the monarch. Rousseau carried the idea forward, proposing a form of government based on a social contract between people and their representatives.
42. Montesquieu in ‘The Spirit of the Laws’, Montesquieu proposed a division of power within the government between the legislative, the executive and the judiciary. This model of government was put into force in the USA, after the thirteen colonies declared their independence from Britain. The American constitution and its guarantee of individual rights was an important example for political thinkers in France.
43.
44. On 5 May 1789, Louis XVI called together an assembly of the Estates General to pass proposals for new taxes. A resplendent hall in Versailles was prepared to host the delegates. The first and second estates sent 300 representatives each, who were seated in rows facing each other on two sides, while the 600 members of the third estate had to stand at the back. The third estate was represented by its more prosperous and educated members. Peasants, artisans and women were denied entry to the assembly. However, their grievances and demands were listed in some 40,000 letters which the representatives had brought with them.
55. Outbreak Of Revolution The Revolution started with the Estate-General convention in Versailles on May 5, 1789. While the three Estates were supposed to discuss and vote on taxes, they ended up debating about their own structure, the Third Estate demanding double representation. The Third Estate eventually separated itself from the First and Second Estates, forming the National Assembly. The King Louis XVI disagreed and shut down the Salle des États where the Assembly met. The Assembly moved to the Salle du Jeu de Paume were they proceeded to swear the Tennis Court Oath (June 20, 1789), under which they agreed not to separate until they had given France a constitution. The King pretended to accept the situation, but in the same time brought 20,000 soldiers to Paris. The people in paris started being very agitated, worried by the price of commodities and the political situation. The King fired all of his ministers, in particular Necker who was his financial advisor (and a strong supporter of the National Assembly). That is what led the people to start protesting in the streets. When they realized how many soldiers the King had brought, they got in a Frenzyof fear, they took up weapons and started fires in the city, the anger in the streets reached its maximum, and on July 14, the people stormed the Bastille.
81. An attempt was made to re-open the Jacobin Club, which was joined by many of the enemies of the There midorians, but on 21 Brumaire, year III (11 November 1794), it was definitively closed. Its members and their sympathizers were scattered among the cafés, where a ruthless war of sticks and chairs was waged against them by the young "aristocrats" known as the jeunesse dorée. Nevertheless the Jacobins survived, in a somewhat subterranean fashion, emerging again in the club of the Panthéon, founded on 25 November 1795