1. ALL ABOUT PAIN

5. Just a little touch/pain humor…. … .and something else to ponder.

6. Notice that the nociceptors labeled here are located in the EPIDERMIS and that they are FREE NERVE ENDINGS, or afferent nerve dendrites that are not encapsulated (as touch, heat, and pressure nerve endings are) Cutaneous (“In the Skin”) Receptors

11. Transmission: -Damaged Tissue -Thalamus -Parietal lobe and Limbic System -Cerebral Cortex Pain and the Brain

12. When humans’ brains are mapped for response to lasers, this area activates. While controversial, one area, the Vmpo, causes pain or temperature-related sensations when stimulated. It gets messages from lamina I through the thalamus. Lesions in the parieto-insular cortex reduces pain. The Parieto-Insular Cortex

13. Medial Frontal Cortex This is part of an area involved in controlling motivational behavior It activates in response to perceiving the unpleasantness of pain

14. The parieto-insular cortex is responsible for the physical sensation processing The anterior cingulate is responsible for the emotional response to pain This theory suggests that pain in primates is “phylogenetically novel” because involved areas are large in primates, but especially large in humans It could explain the effects of pain and the autonomic system on feelings Simpler animals experience pain in the brainstem, but do not experience it cortically One Possible Theory

29. P A I N C O N T R O L Which Leads Us To……

34. More connections to regions of the brain associated with external functions More connections to regions of the brain associated with internal functions

35. And Now, Some Weird Stuff……

36. Music and Pain An hour a day keeps the doctor away

39. In a study of people who had too much of SCN9A, the people experienced chronic burning in their extremities

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