1. Media Relations
for
Mobilization of Citizens
Dr.C.V.Narasimha Reddi
Director
Information and Public Relations Department
Government of Andhra Pradesh (Retd)
& Editor, Public Relations Voice
2. The Medium is the Message
Marshall McLuhan
Media are not just machines.
They are not only the source of information and
entertainment but also carry mass messages of
persuasion that bind people into communities and
even into nations.
Though important, media often neglected.
3. Alvin Tofler’s Three Revolutions
FIRST WAVE Agricultural Revolution
(10,000 years ago)
Human and animal Muscle
Power as Living Batteries for
Energy: Sun, Wind,Water
MEDIA Face-to-Face
Interpersonal, Folk Art Media, Call
Posts to relay messages by drums
4. Alvin Tofler’s Three Revolutions
SECOND WAVE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Early 19 th Century
Steam Engine and Wheel for power.
Major Industries Mass production,
Mass consumption, Mass transportation,
Mass communication, public education
MEDIA Mass Media – Newspapers, Film
Radio, Television, Mass Media became
Giant Loudspeakers for communication &
mass mind
5. Alvin Tofler’s Three Revolutions
THIRD WAVE INFORMATION REVOLUTION
(MIDDLE OF 20TH CENTURY)
computer, internet, e.mail, communication
satellites in the center stage
The Death of Distance - Global Village
A De-Massified Media – Multi-editions Multi-channels
B- De-Massified Audience – De-massified Mind
C- Information Bomb is exploding in our midst
showering us with a shrapnel of Images
6. Press as Fourth Estate
“There were three estates in Parliament, but in the reporter’s
gallery yonder there sat a Fourth Estate more important than
them all”
Edmund Burke
“Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a
Government without newspapers or newspapers without
Government, I should not hesitate for a moment to prefer the
latter”.
Thomas Jefferson
the Third US President(1801-1809)
7. Free Press
I would rather have a completely Free Press with all the
dangers involved in the wrong use of that Freedom than
a Suppressed or Regulated Press
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
8. People’s Participation
People’s Active Participation in Democracy and
National Development, without media is like
winking at a Pretty Young Girl in the Dark
9. A Constituency & A Conduit
Unlike other publics, media is both a Constituency
and a Conduit to all other constituencies –
employees, investors, customers, farmers,
industrial workers, general community, who as
Stakeholders develop image of your organisation
10. Lifeblood
Media is the lifeblood of public communication. The first
order of your organization is the ‘Media’.
The organisation’s plan or programme will fail:
If No One Sees It
If No One Hears It
If No One Speaks It
If No One Reads It
If No One Writes About It
In fact, media act as the bridge between your organization
and your public by carrying messages for better
understanding
Media Makes or Mars the Organization
11. Uniqueness of Indian Media
Its uniqueness lies in its intrapersonal, interpersonal and
folk arts media evolved by Bharata Muni, the father of
Indian dance over 2500 years ago.
The success of Lord Buddha, the founder of Buddhism as
‘the Light of Asia’ , Swami Vivekananda as ‘the
Voice of Indian Culture and Spirituality’ and
Mahatma Gandhi as ‘the Man of 20 th Century’ was
largely due to adoption of traditional media & their public
interest philosophies.
It is still valid even in the electronic age.
12. Functions of a Newspaper
One of the objects of a newspaper is to understand popular
feelings and Give Expression to it, Another is to arouse among
the people certain desirable sentiments and the third is
fearlessly to express popular defects .
Mahatma Gandhi
Facts Are Sacred - But Comment is Free
C.P.Scott
13. Functions of Mass Media
Information
Interpretation
Education-Persuasion
Entertainment
Agenda setting
Promotion of culture and
heritage
National Integration
To Serve the Economic System
To Serve the Social System
To Serve the Political System
To Serve the Cause of National
Crisis
An Instrument of Feedback Information
A Watch Dog of Democracy
14. Media and Good Governance
A Well-informed Citizenry, and the Accountability
of all those who exercise public power and expend
public resources, whether they are political
representatives or bureaucrats are the two
essentials of an effective democratic Government.
The Media represent the people and articulate
their grievances and problems and acts as a
bridge between the people and the authorities.
Therefore, the media must have access to all the
relevant information which concerns the people.
15. Information Poverty
“Eradication of Information Poverty is a
precondition to the Eradication of Economic
Poverty”
Dr. P C Joshi
A widespread understanding of the plan is an
essential stage, in its fulfillment. The plan has to be
carried in to every home in the language and symbols
of the people and expressed in terms of their Needs
and Problems.
16. Media Scene in India
India has both Government media network and private media.
Private Media
• No.of Newspapers (including 6800 dailies) 62,500
• Circulation of Newspapers 16 crore copies
• Readership 22.20 crores
• No.of T V channels 200
• No.of TV Homes 11.20 crores
• No.of TV Viewers 23 crores
• F.M.Radio Channels 37
• No.of Cinema House 13000
• No.of Moviegoers,every week 10 crore
• No.of Internet Connections 1 crore
• No.of Cell Phone subscribers 4.5 crore
17. Media Scene in India
Government Media
• No.of Broadcasting Stations 223
• Population Covered by Radio Signals 99.13%
• No.of Doordarshan Channels 25
• No.of TV Viewers 30 crore
• Media Units of Govt.of India 12
• State Information Departments 28
• Public Sector Public Relations Units 1000
India being the largest democracy has the world’s largest
public communication network that reaches about
70 crore people with socio-economic messages daily.
18. Challenge to Government Publicity
The crowded and competitive media environment
is a real challenge before governmental
publicity/public relations outfits to carry the right
information to the people’
19. Shortcomings of the Press
Caters to the elitist, neglecting the problems of
the less-privileged
Ignoring or suppressing news of peoples’
concern
Misinformation
Politicians and corporations try to win over
journalists
Inadequate development reporting
Crass commercialism: market oriented not
mass oriented
Indecent representation of women/ obscenity
20. Shortcomings of the Press (contd.)
Trivialism
Sensationalism
Encroachment on Privacy
The increasing menace of paparazzi or
‘Buzzing Insects’- (photographers – TV crew)
Dishonest means of gathering information
Intruding into personal grief –
at times of accidents and tragedies
The line between advertising and editorial
material is not kept clear - Advertorials
21. Shortcomings of the Press (contd.)
No prescribed professional qualifications for
journalists
Opinion Polls – Prepoll and Exist Poll Surveys
Superficialsim – Surface news
Aping the western culture and values and its
consequent adverse effects on our culture
Corruption/Undue Favours: Suppression of
News
Communal writings and inflaming passions of
different Social groups
22. Shortcomings of the Press (contd.)
Glorification of Criminals and Social evils
Trial by the Press-prejudging the guilt of the
accused
Pre-verification and opportunity to reply
ignoring Press Council’s Guidelines
Letters to Editor. Readers’ column is not charity
Devaluation of the office of the Editor which to
some extent is responsible for the present day
ailments of the press
23. Two Kinds of Editors
One is the Owner–Editor who has always been
the editor. - The Hindu, The Amrit Bazar Patrika
Editors who came from a totally business
perspective. Profit motive is a healthy motive for
them
Manipulation of News, and Opinion to suit
Owners’ financial and political interests and
tailoring editorial product to sub-serve the
marketing goal.
24. News on Sale
Space in a Newspaper is Sacred.
But in some cases news is on sale.
“While commercialization has a legitimate place in
the business office of a newspaper, it becomes a
danger when it invades the Editorial Room”
Dr. A.S. Anand, former Chief Justice
25. Urban Oriented
The Urban Oriented Indian media should become, media
for one billion people, instead of concentration on the 300
million Urban People.
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
26. Complaints from the Press
Press Releases are not professionally written that can
go straight for composing in newspaper
PR Manager always tries to colour/or suppress free flow
of legitimate news under management pressure
PR Manger is not free to select news kindling reader’s
interest
Press Releases are Boss Oriented and not Readers’
Oriented, who are the masters of newspaper
Press Releases project only positive news, suppressing
news of negative nature
Officials are under the threat of Official Secrets Act of
1923
27. Bureaucracy and the Media
The relationship between Bureaucracy and Media is
like any other association. Some people make good out
of it, while others fail.
The Bureaucracy is mostly accused of being
Inaccessible to the media which is in search of
information.
Who is the loser?
28. Media Opportunities or Tactics
Newspapers
Produce a Press Kit News Photograph
Issue a Press Release Press Interviews
Hold a Press Conference Press Enquiries
Organize a Press Tour Press in Emergencies
Write or Sponsor a feature Commercial
Get an Advertorial advertisements
Published A source of Feedback
Letter to the Editor Information
Rejoinder or Clarification Press Clippings Service
Backgrounder & Factsheet
Complaint with Press
Council of India
29. Media Opportunities (contd.)
Electronic Media – News & Current Affairs
Talks
Radio & Panel Discussions
Television Newsreels
Interviews
Features
Phone-in Programme
Cable TV Network
Public Service Broadcast
Messages
Specialised Audience programme:
farmers, women, industrial workers
30. Media Opportunities (contd.)
Films Documentary Films
Short Feature Films
Animation Films
Video Films
News Magazines
Cartoon Films
Media feel that Government Departments Do
Not Make Use of Opportunities for Better
Coverage
31. Media Opportunities (contd.)
New Media
The Computer
The Word Processor Desktop Publishing
The Internet Facsimile
E-mail Transmission
Website Discussion Groups
Video Conference Portal
Video News release Public Kiosks
Online Journals
Integration
People’s information and communication environment have
become ever more individualized integrating print, audio, still and
moving images, broadcasting and other modes and channels of
communication and information sharing
32. Understand the Media
Nature and Functions of Media
Media Scene in the State and the Nation
Awareness of News Possibilities-News
Sense
Media Contact List must be up-to date
Media opportunities and Tactics for
Disseminating Information
Media Directories
Media Organizations
Press Cutting Services
Know How to Make a Complaint with
Press Council of India
Remember…
The Press is the Fourth Estate and
Watchdog of Democracy
33. News Service
Good Media Relations are built and maintained
only through honest and readers’ oriented news
service provided in an atmosphere of mutual
trust and understanding between an
organization and the media.
News Service
is the Hallmark of Media Relations
34. TV’s Attack Mentality
“Giving a Spin to and injecting a human angle to every
story is an Attack Mentality of Electronic Journalism.
The enforced Brevity of the Visual Image and Sound Byte
make it impossible to offer complex public issues that are
needed to do justice to many complex problems.
The Committee on the Syllabus of IAS Induction Training
35. Basics of Effective Media Relations
Understand the Media and their Requirements
Good Readers’ oriented news service on a
24 hour basis, if necessary
Be factual and tell the truth that makes interesting
to the readers
Always be Accessible
Be Impartial with the media
No suppression of News of Public interest
Helpful Attitude in Crisis Situations
No confrontation with media. The press fires the
last shot
36. How to Deal with Leaks
Loose tips of unnamed and unauthorised government sources
talking to reporters can sink or seriously affect government
policy and planning. Classified or politically sensitive
information are leaked out sometimes.
Tactics
Refuse to Confirm or Deny (Some Truth)
Demand a retraction or write a letter to the Editor or
Rejoinder
Issue an official Press Release
Hold a Press Conference
Prepare questions and answers
Preemptive leaking. Preventive measures
Be proactive and provide material routinely
‘Silence’ may be Golden. But it gives chance to fill the void
37. Media Effect
The greatest achievement of Independent India is its
democracy. The Press must be Proud of its role both in
Freedom Struggle and Maintaining our Vibrant Democracy and
Development Process
If India is self-sufficient in food production today…
If India has become the largest producer of milk in
the world…
If the Indian Industry is internationally competitive
today… and that our companies became
multinationals
If 170 million children were administered pulse polio
drops on a single day to eradicate polio…
If the average life expectancy of an Indian has
increased from 32 to 64…
38. If there had been an increase in literacy rate
from 18 per cent to 65 per cent…
If 670 million voters were sensitized as partners
in democratic polity and use of electronic
voting…
If India today is the tenth largest industrialized
country in the world poised to become third
largest economy in the world…
It is the Media Mantra that has transformed the
Indian Society for the Better
40. SITE (1975)
Satellite Instructional Television Experiment
The Satellite Instructional Television Experiment,
described as the biggest communication exercise in the
developing world has contributed substantially to help
villagers gain knowledge on development in 2400 villages
of six states in India.
Tub & Lantern
“To Kill Insects in Paddy Fields”
41. Kheda Rural Communication Project
(1975-85)
As many as 650 community TV sets were installed in
400 villages of Kheda District in Gujarat for educating the
farmers on Rural Development. The Kheda District
became a major center for milk production in India
ushering in ‘White Revolution”.
India is the largest milk producer in the world
42. Human Chain Communication
(1997-2004)
Never before in the history of Indian Communication, people
had witnessed the Human Chain Communication with a direct
link between Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh on the one side
and 10 million people standing in human chains in about
56,000 habitations on the other through All India Radio.
Over 10 million people who stood in these human chains, not
only came in direct contact with the Chief Minister but also took
oath that they shall participate in the Janmabhoomi
(community development) as administered over the live
broadcast of All India Radio.
People were also educated on the concepts of Janmabhoomi
43. Dial Your Chief Minister
(1997-2004)
Started on April 28, 1997 by Chief Minister Andhra Pradesh with
Janmabhoomi (Community Developemnt) as a topic for discussion
‘DIAL YOUR CHIEF MINISTER’ – Phone–in – Programme
has ended, after 226 weekly rounds in February 2004.
CM came face-to-face with both radio listeners and TV viewers on
every Monday for half-an-hour and not only spoke on important
subjects announced earlier but also interacted and listened to the
problems and grievances of the people for redressal.
Over 10,000 complaints were received directly by CM over this
phone-in-programme. In the process, about 70 lakh people were
exposed to this programme through both radio & TV in each round
and that they were mobilized for participation in development.
This is the only one exercise of its kind in Asia
44. Short Comings of
Communication Projects
No scientific evaluation of major
communication projects to understand the
impact of such projects on the people
Such communication projects, though
successful, are not replicated in other
areas of the country
45. Bharat Nirman
Public Information Campaign
The Press Information Bureau, Government of India has launched an
innovative the Bharat Nirman Public Information Campaign (PIC) to
disseminate developmental information at the grassroots level and also to
educate the people to derive benefits from the development programmes
under implementation of the State and Central Governments.
A base camp is set up for Five Days where services of various
departments, the bank loans on the one side and development
information on the other side go hand-in-hand to the beneficiaries. Mobile
publicity units would also cover about 100 villages in and around the base
camp.
A multi-media approach is adopted by involving the media units of
Government of India, State Information and Public Relations Departments
and other private media like Newspapers, TV channels etc. Such
campaigns are being organized in all the States.
In Tamil Nadu 42 campaigns were organized
46. ITM Theory of
Gandhian Public
Communication
I Intra and Inter-Personal Communication
(Meetings and Face to Face Interaction)
T Traditional Folk Art Media
(Music, Dance, Drama, Street plays, Puppet
Shows)
M Mass Media
(Press, Radio, TV and Film)
M Modern New Media
(Computer, internet, Email, Website)
A Blend of these Four Types of Media
Ideally Suited to the Indian Environment