1. Oral Diagnosis and
Manifestations of Some
Systemic Diseases
Dr.Usama M. Madany
B.Ch.D, M.Sc., Ph.D.
Professor, Oral Medicine Periodontology, Diagnosis and Oral
Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Azhar Univ.
2. Oral Diagnosis:
Is the art and science of collecting
data concerning the patient's chief
problem that urged him/her to
seek the dental help.
4. To reach a definitive diagnosis,
pretreatment evaluation of a case
should be achieved through:
- History taking
- Clinical examination
- Special Investigations
5. Essential elements of history taking;
Chief complaint
History of the present illness
Past medical history
Social history
Family history
Review of systems
Dental history
6. *Means of clinical examination:
Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation
7. *SpecialInvestigations
- Biopsy: Is the technique of choice
for diagnosis of a soft-tissue lesion in
the mouth.
- Serological tests including PCR
- Urinalysis.
9. If a blood disease or disorder is
suspected CBC (hemogram)
should be requested:
- R.B.Cs count
- W.B.Cs count/differential
leukocytic count
- Platelets count
- Hemoglobin concentration
- Hematocrit value
10. Screening tests for a case of bleeding:
-Platelet count; normal values = 150,000-450,000 platelets/mm3
-Prothrombine time (PT); normal values = 10-13 seconds.
-Partial thromboplasine time (PTT); normal values =25-36 seconds.
-Bleeding time; normal values = < 9 minutes.
11. Polymerasechain reaction (PCR):
Is a technique developed by
researchers in molecular biology for
enzymatic amplification of DNA
sequence. Because of its high
sensitivity, it proved marked clinical
potential in diagnosing viral diseases
affecting humans.
12. Objectives of pretreatment evaluation:
- Establishment of diagnosis.
- Determination of underlying
medical condition.
- Discovery of concomitant illness.
- Prevention of medical emergencies
associated with dental treatment.
13. Some systemic diseases and disorders may
have oral manifestations, and some oral
diseases ( lesions) may be associated with
systemic diseases or disorders. According to
oral manifestations, the systemic diseases can
be classified as those which may produce/be
accompanied by:
*Ulcers.
*White lesions.
*Hyperpigmentation/change in color of oral mucosa.
*Spontaneous bleeding/ with minimal touch.
*Gingival enlargement.
*Multiple abscess formation.
*Tongue lesions
29. Leukemia
W.B.Cs count is abnormal in early stage. It varieis
from 100,000 – 500,000 in different types.
Numbers of R.B.Cs, platelets and different leukocytes
show increase or decrease according to the type
