1. Prostate Cancer
Autumn Placek
&
Brooke Schmidt

2. What is Prostate Cancer?
• Abnormal or malignant cells in the
prostate gland
• It is the most common cancer in males
• The Second leading cause of cancer death
in men
• Only 3% of men who
have prostate cancer
die from it

3. Prevalance
• An estimated 238,590 new cases will be
diagnosed this year
• Prostate incidence increases in men up to
age 70 then declines
• 1 in 4 newly diagnosed cancers each year
are prostate cancer cases
• Approximately 60% of all prostate cancer
cases are diagnosed in men ages 65 and
older

4. Incidence

5. Signs & Symptoms
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7XafG8P
wRvE

6. H&P Assessment
• A thorough health history is necessary for
screening which should include any family
history of prostate or any other cancers
• Ethnicity ( African American ) increases
risk
• Most prostate cancers are found on a
routine physical prostate exam
• Risk assessment is based on age, ethnicity,
family history, and abnormal PSA tests

7. Diagnostic Tests
• Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)- Provider inserts a gloved
finger into the rectum to feel for hard, lumpy, or
abnormal areas on the prostate.
• Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)- biopsy is recommended if values are
between 4.0-10.0. Elevated levels do not always signify cancer.
Values may be elevated due to benign prostate hyperplasia and
other conditions.
• Early Prostate Cancer Antigen (EPCA-2)- Serum marker that detects
specific proteins that are only present in cancer cells.
• Trans rectal Ultrasound (TRUS)- If cancer is suspected then a biopsy is
preformed.
• After cancer is diagnosed the patient will undergo lymph node biopsy, CT
scan, & MRI to determine the extent of the disease.

8. Treatment
• Specific management if based
on the extent of the disease.
• “Watchful Waiting” Some
may choose observation with
out immediate treatment
since prostate cancer is slow
growing with late metastasis.
Men are monitored at regular
intervals through DRE & PSA
• Transurethral resection of
prostate (TURP)- done when
an obstruction occurs.
• Surgery is the most common
intervention for a cure. Most
common are:
• Minimally Invasive Surgery
• Open surgical technique for
radial prostatectomy
(Prostate Removal)
• Laparoscopic Radial
Prostatectomy is done with
and with out robotic
assistance
• Newer procedures include:
Transrectal High Intensity
Focused Ultrasound (HIFU)
• Cryosurgery

9. Nursing Diagnosis
Impaired Urinary EliminationUrinary elimination management: Maintenance of an optimum
urinary elimination pattern
Sexual DysfunctionSexual counseling- Use of an interactive helping process
focusing on the need to make adjustments to sexual practice or to
coping with a sexual event/ disorder
Situational Low Self- EsteemCoping Enhancement- Assisting a patient to adapt to perceived
stressors, changes, or threats that interfere with meeting life
demands and roles.

10. References
Frazier, M. & Drzmkowski, J. (2013). Essentials of human diseases and conditions. St.
Louis, MO: Elsevier Sanders
Springhart, D. P. (Educator) (2011). Prostate cancer: Signs, symptoms, & screenings [Web]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7XafG8PwRvE
National Cancer Institute. (2012, November). Seer stat fact sheets: Prostate. Retrieved from
http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/prost.html
Ignatavicius, D. D., & Workman, M. L. (2013). Medical-surgical nursing:
Patient-centered collaborative care (7th ed.). St. Louis: Elsevier
Saunders.