2023/06/01 IoT ALGYAN ChatGPT研究会第9弾資料

1. 生成 AI の基礎と TaskMatrix (Visual ChatGPT)

2. 自己紹介松崎剛日本マイクロソフト株式会社パートナー事業本部クラウドソリューションアーキテクトブログ https://tsmatz.wordpress.com/ GitHub https://github.com/tsmatz

3. NLP (natural language processing) Tutorials https://github.com/tsmatz/nlp-tutorials

4. OpenAI の基礎 GPT テキストの生成と理解 Embedding テキストプロンプトから画像を生成 Codex コードの生成と理解 DALL·E テキストの生成と理解

5. 言語モデルの発展出典 “A Survey of Large Language Models” (Wayne et. al., 2023) https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.18223

6. LLM の Emergent Abilities Emergency = 突然出現するもの言語モデルが、あるパラメーター数を超えると突然持ち始める予測不能な現象出典 : “Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models” (Jason, et. al., 2022) https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.07682

7. 考え : 会社 C の請求金額を確認する必要がある行動 : GetInvoice[C] 考え : 会社 F の請求金額を確認する必要がある行動 : GetInvoice[F] 考え : C と F の合計を計算する必要がある行動 : Total[20000, 4100] 考え : 会社 A の請求金額を確認する必要がある行動 : GetInvoice[A] 考え : 会社 E の請求金額を確認する必要がある行動 : GetInvoice[E] 請求 DB から C の請求金額を検索: 20000 請求 DB から F の請求金額を検索: 4100 計算機 20000 + 4100 = 24100 請求 DB から A の請求金額を検索: 2000 請求 DB から E の請求金額を検索: 1000 言語モデル (OpenAI GPT-3) 外部ツール考え : A と E の合計を計算する必要がある行動 : Total[2000, 1000] 計算機 2000 + 1000 = 3000 考え : 会社 C, F の請求金額の合計と会社 A, E の請求金額の合計との間の差額を計算する必要がある行動 : Diff[24100 3000] 計算機 | 24100 – 3000 | = 21100 考え : よって、答えは 21100 行動 : Finish[21100] OpenAI GPT が、思考を担当 (つぎにすべきことを提案) = Reasoning 外部ツール (関数部分) が実作業を担当 = Acting

8. • 下記ツールを使用 • Search • Lookup • 回答精度の大幅な向上 (ベンチマーク結果) • より高度な方式では、強化学習・模倣学習などとも連携出典 “REACT: SYNERGIZING REASONING AND ACTING IN LANGUAGE MODELS” (Shunyu et. al., 2022) ReAct / MRKL Systems

9. Prior knowledge vs Label mapping (Google がおこなった ICL の実験) unrelated labels flipped labels IF あり 1 2 IF なし 3 4

10. unrelated labels flipped labels IF あり 1 2 IF なし 3 4 Prior knowledge vs Label mapping (Google がおこなった ICL の実験) 出典 : “Larger language models do in-context learning differently” (Jerry, et. al., 2023) https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.03846

11. Prior knowledge vs Label mapping (Google がおこなった ICL の実験) unrelated labels flipped labels IF あり 1 2 IF なし 3 4 出典 : “Larger language models do in-context learning differently” (Jerry, et. al., 2023) https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.03846

12. Symbol Tuning 出典 : “Symbol tuning improves in-context learning in language models” (Jerry, et. al., 2023) https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.08298

13. LLM の Emergent Abilities Emergency = 突然出現するもの言語モデルが、あるパラメーター数を超えると突然持ち始める予測不能な現象出典 : “Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models” (Jason, et. al., 2022) https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.07682

14. Multi Modalities への期待出典 : “ImageBind: One Embedding Space To Bind Them All” (Rohit, et. al., 2023) https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.05665

15. TaskMatrix (Visual ChatGPT) • 画像の処理は、主に Hugging Face 上の Visual Foundation Model が担当 • 言語モデル (ChatGPT) を使って Reasoning

16. 実行例 • Thought: Do I need to use a tool? Yes • Action: Replace Something From The Photo • Action Input: image/9bb5e03b.png, couch, desk • Observation: image/5737_replace- something_9bb5e03b_9bb 5e03b.png • Thought: Do I need to use a tool? Yes • Action: Instruct Image Using Text • Action Input: image/5737_replace- something_9bb5e03b_9bb 5e03b.png, make it like a water-color painting • Observation: image/770e_pix2pix_5737 _9bb5e03b.png • Thought: Do I need to use a tool? No • AI: Here is the image you requested. • ![image/770e_pix2pix_573 7_9bb5e03b.png](image/7 70e_pix2pix_5737_9bb5e0 3b.png) “replace the sofa in this image with a desk and then make it like a water-color painting” Action 1: Replace Something From The Photo “couch, desk” Action 2: Instruct Image Using Text “make it like a water-color painting”

18. Visual ChatGPT is designed to be able to assist with a wide range of text and visual related tasks, from answering simple questions to providing in-depth explanations and discussions on a wide range of topics. Visual ChatGPT is able to generate human-like text based on the input it receives, allowing it to engage in natural-sounding conversations and provide responses that are coherent and relevant to the topic at hand. Visual ChatGPT is able to process and understand large amounts of text and images. As a language model, Visual ChatGPT can not directly read images, but it has a list of tools to finish different visual tasks. Each image will have a file name formed as "image/xxx.png", and Visual ChatGPT can invoke different tools to indirectly understand pictures. When talking about images, Visual ChatGPT is very strict to the file name and will never fabricate nonexistent files. When using tools to generate new image files, Visual ChatGPT is also known that the image may not be the same as the user's demand, and will use other visual question answering tools or description tools to observe the real image. Visual ChatGPT is able to use tools in a sequence, and is loyal to the tool observation outputs rather than faking the image content and image file name. It will remember to provide the file name from the last tool observation, if a new image is generated. Human may provide new figures to Visual ChatGPT with a description. The description helps Visual ChatGPT to understand this image, but Visual ChatGPT should use tools to finish following tasks, rather than directly imagine from the description. Overall, Visual ChatGPT is a powerful visual dialogue assistant tool that can help with a wide range of tasks and provide valuable insights and information on a wide range of topics. TOOLS: ------

19. Visual ChatGPT has access to the following tools: > Get Photo Description: useful when you want to know what is inside the photo. receives image_path as input. The input to this tool should be a string, representing the image_path. > Remove Something From The Photo: useful when you want to remove and object or something from the photo from its description or location. The input to this tool should be a comma seperated string of two, representing the image_path and the object need to be removed. > Replace Something From The Photo: useful when you want to replace an object from the object description or location with another object from its description. The input to this tool should be a comma seperated string of three, representing the image_path, the object to be replaced, the object to be replaced with > Instruct Image Using Text: useful when you want to the style of the image to be like the text. like: make it look like a painting. or make it like a robot. The input to this tool should be a comma seperated string of two, representing the image_path and the text. . . . . . To use a tool, please use the following format: ``` Thought: Do I need to use a tool? Yes Action: the action to take, should be one of [Get Photo Description, Remove Something From The Photo, Replace Something From The Photo, Instruct Image Using Text] Action Input: the input to the action Observation: the result of the action ``` When you have a response to say to the Human, or if you do not need to use a tool, you MUST use the format:

20. ``` Thought: Do I need to use a tool? No AI: [your response here] ``` You are very strict to the filename correctness and will never fake a file name if it does not exist. You will remember to provide the image file name loyally if it's provided in the last tool observation. Begin! Previous conversation history: Human: provide a figure named image/9bb5e03b.png. The description is: a living room with a couch and a couch in the corner. This information helps you to understand this image, but you should use tools to finish following tasks, rather than directly imagine from my description. If you understand, say "Received". AI: Received. New input: replace the sofa in this image with a desk and then make it like a water-color painting Since Visual ChatGPT is a text language model, Visual ChatGPT must use tools to observe images rather than imagination. The thoughts and observations are only visible for Visual ChatGPT, Visual ChatGPT should remember to repeat important information in the final response for Human. Thought: Do I need to use a tool? Yes Action: Replace Something From The Photo Action Input: image/9bb5e03b.png, couch, desk

21. could you generate a cat for me ? could you replace a cat to a dog and then remove the book ? could you generate a canny edge of this image ? generate a yellow dog based on ......png

22. Visual Foundation Models Get Photo Description Generate Image From User Input Text Remove Something From The Photo Replace Something From The Photo Instruct Image Using Text Answer Question About The Image Edge Detection On Image Generate Image Condition On Canny Image Line Detection On Image Generate Image Condition On Line Image Hed Detection On Image Generate Image Condition On Soft Hed Boundary Image Segmentation On Image Generate Image Condition On Segmentations Predict Depth On Image Generate Image Condition On Depth Predict Normal Map On Image Generate Image Condition On Normal Map Sketch Detection On Image Generate Image Condition On Sketch Image Pose Detection On Image Generate Image Condition On Pose Image

23. Diffusions 出典 : “Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models” (Jonathan, et. al., 2020) https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.11239 出典 : “Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision” (Alec, et. al., 2021) https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.00020

24. Related Projects • JARVIS (HuggingGPT) - Microsoft https://github.com/microsoft/JARVIS • LLM-Augmenter system - Microsoft https://github.com/pengbaolin/LLM-Augmenter • Transformers Agent – Hugging Face https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/transformers_ agents • GPT-4 + Stable-Diffusion - Berkeley AI Research https://llm-grounded-diffusion.github.io/

2023/06/01 IoT ALGYAN ChatGPT研究会第9弾資料

2023/06/01 IoT ALGYAN ChatGPT研究会第9弾資料

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