IAC 2024 - IA Fast Track to Search Focused AI Solutions
Ā
Mixtures, solutions, elements, compounds
1. Mixture
ā¢ Two or more substances that are not
chemically combined
ā¢ All mixtures can be physically separated
ā¢ Ways to separate mixtures
ā Distillation-use boiling point
ā Magnet-uses magnetism
ā Centrifuge-use density
ā Filtering-separates large particles from
smaller ones
2. ā¢ Ratio of mixtures are not fixed
ā¢ Substances keep their identities
ā¢ Mixtures can be solid, liquid or gas
ā¢ Examples of mixtures
ā Chex mix
ā Raisin bran
ā Pizza
ā Mixed nuts
ā air
3. Solutions
ā¢ Mixture that appears to be a single
substance
ā¢ Material is evenly distributed by dissolving
ā¢ Material must be soluble (able to dissolve)
ā¢ Solute is what is dissolved
ā¢ Solvent what the solute is dissolved in
ā¢ Water is the universal solvent
4. ā¢ Materials that will not dissolve (insoluble)
forms a mixture that is not a solution
ā¢ Examples of solutions
ā Sodas
ā Gasoline
ā Ice tea
ā Salt water
ā Kool aid
5. ā¢ In solutions the particles are so small they
never settle out (sink to bottom), canāt
scatter light nor can they be filtered
ā¢ Solubility is the ability of substances to
dissolve at a given temperature and
pressure
ā¢ How much of a solute a solvent can hold
is the concentration (grams of
solute/milliliter of solvent, g/mL)
6. ā¢ To increase solubility you can change
temperature, crush, stir, shake
ā¢ Homogenous solutionsā meaning the
same
ā¢ Heterogenous solutionsā meaning
different
7. Suspensions
ā¢ Suspensions are mixtures where the
particles are heavy enough to settle out
(sink to bottom) of the solution, scatter
light, can be filtered
ā¢ Examples of suspensions
ā Snow globe
ā Italian dressing
8. Colloids
ā¢ Colloids are mixtures where the particles
are evenly dispersed but are not heavy
enough to settle out, can scatter light,
canāt be filtered
ā¢ Examples of colloids
ā Mayo
ā Whip cream
ā pudding
9. Elements
ā¢ elements are pure substance that can not
be separated into simpler substances by
physical or chemical means
ā¢ Pure substance is a substance with only
one type of particle called atoms
ā¢ All atoms of an element are identical
regardless of how much you have
10. ā¢ Elements can be identified by their
characteristic properties
ā¢ The properties, both chemical and
physical do not depend on the amount of
the element present
ā¢ Elements can have similar properties but
each element has some property that
makes it unique
11. ā¢ Elements are classified by categories
ā¢ Metals ā shiny, good conductors
ā¢ Nonmetals ā dull, poor conductors
ā¢ Metalloids āhas properties of metals and
nonmetals depending on conditions
ā¢ Categories allow unknown elements to be
placed in the periodic table based on
similar properties
12. Compounds
ā¢ Pure substance composed of two or more
elements that are chemically combined
ā¢ Compounds are formed by elements
reacting or having a chemical change
ā¢ A particle of a compound is a molecule
ā¢ Elements do not form compounds
randomly
ā¢ All compounds are formed from only the
elements on the periodic table
13. ā¢ Compounds form in specific mass ratio
ā¢ Ex: mass of hydrogen to mass oxygen in
water is hydrogen 1 to oxygen 8 which can
be written as 1:8. For every molecule of
water, the ratio is the same, if the ratio is
different, then the compound can not be
water
14. ā¢ When elements form compounds, new
characteristics properties are created
ā¢ Compounds have properties that differ
from the elements that formed them
ā¢ Na (sodium) reactive alkali metal + Cl
(chlorine) poisonous gas ā NaCl (table
salt)
15. ā¢ Some compounds can be broken down into their
elements by a chemical change
ā¢ Other compounds break down into simpler
compounds instead of elements
ā¢ The only way to separate a compound into
elements or other compounds is by a chemical
reaction which allows for a chemical change
ā¢ Two ways: is to apply energy or electric current