How are encryption, authentication, digital signatures, and digital certificates each used to ensure security? Solution 1)when we send an data throufh the netwrok the the message will be encrypted through some encrypted algorithmsand then check for the whether sender is the right person or not 2) then the didgittal signature i s used to verify the message that whteher the message is encrypted or not by using hash values and the finally the didgital certificate is used to combine the public keys these public keys are used to decrypt the message . if there where no certifivates the messages were easily forged 1(encrypted) 2(authentication) 3(validating message) sender--->>--message send->-(encrypted)--->--authentication----->>---checking of encryption (digital signature)-->--- 4(decrypting using public key) 5( message recieved) -->--public key bind(didgital certificate)------->>-----------------(reciever) .