2. It is an organic substance in which energy is accumulated
by photosynthesis process.
This renewable source of energy is the most common,
widely used and the oldest one in our world. Biomass is
distinguished from other sources of energy in the way that
it is an accumulated solar energy.
In Lithuania, biomass accounts for the largest part of all
renewable energy consumption.
Firewood and agricultural waste
designed for fuel are the mostly
used types of biomass.
According to the amount of biomass
per person, Lithuania is in the
second position in the EU.
3. Sources of biomass energy
• Wood and it’s waste
• Agricultural waste (for example: straw)
• Animal waste (manure)
• Industrial waste
• Sewage sludge accumulation of organic matter
• The organic fraction of municipal waste.
4. Biomass can be used
Biomass as a fuel can be used in solid, liquid or gaseous
state. In the first case, it takes only the minimum of
machining, such as chopping. In order to get liquid or
gaseous fuel it is not enough to process the biomass
mechanically, it is also necessary to use a much more
complex thermal, chemical, biochemical and
microbiological processing techniques. In Lithuania, the
main problem why the use of biomass for heating is not
increasing rapidly is the lack of sufficient boiler-houses
suitable for biomass. In order to exploit the potential of
biomass, Lithuania needs to invest into developing of
biomass power plants.
5.
6. Biomass is a part of a carbon cycle. During photosynthesis,
carbon from the atmosphere is absorbed by plants. During
the burning or rotting process, the carbon is released and
goes back into the atmosphere.
The circle takes a relatively short period and the plant used
as material for fuel can be replaced by another new fast
grower. Therefore, a stable carbon levels in the atmosphere
come from the use of materials from the fuel.
In Lithuania:
Over the years it is planned to
produce up to 42 thousand tons of
products which will be exported to the
EU countries. Per year, one factory
working at full capacity can produce
seven thousand tons of biomass
granules.
7. Advantages
• Biomass is a renewable energy source that is easier taken than
other fuels and which can be exploited using less environmentalpolluting equipment.
• Waste from agriculture and forestry is the most common source of
biomass, which is processed in the form of briquettes and
granules and is used for heat production. The production of liquid
fuels, such as ethanol or biodiesel, from agricultural products
grows rapidly.
• It is favorable to use biomass in the energy production industry, as
the waste from the organic matter can be used as fuel. In most
cases biomass is associated with vegetation, which are used for
the production of biofuels, but the material of vegetable or animal
origin, can be used for the production of chemicals, heat or fibre.
9. Waste
Waste is unwanted material which mainly
comes into existence due to the human
activities. It is not useful, often dangerous and
have no economic value. However, scientists say
that everything in nature is useful, and wastle
can be serviceable if we know how to use it.
10. How to use it?
Currently, the waste is
deposited in landfills.
However, it is not a perfect
decision for nature or in
economic terms. The
proposals vary, but now the
main focus is on the
incineration of waste. On the
one hand, it is a source of
constant renewable fuel; on
the other hand, ecologists and
other nature lovers call such
waste incineration
environment-unfriendly as it
pollutes the environment and
is a potential threat to the
human health.
11. Methods
• Boiling layer method;
• Waste incineration in rotary kilns;
• Waste incineration on a moving grate.
12. On a moving grate
This and similar
techniques can be
applied to many
different waste
compositions.
Therefore grate-based
boilers are widely used
for incineration of
mixed-household and
municipal waste.
13. Boiling layer method
Usage of such technology
is completely different as
it has another type of
furnace. The combustion
air comes from the
bottom, so the burning
waste gives the
impression of boiling
process.
14. Burning in rotary kilns
These kilns get the fuel from
the bottom. At the same time,
the waste and the combustion
air slowly move from the top
downwards . While moving
down, the wastle dries and
then it is burned in very high
temperature (1500-1800°C).
16. Flowing (running) water
•
Is one of the most useful renewable energy
sources;
• Dams and hydro-electric power stations are built
to get energy with the help of falling water;
• 25 % of water energy sources are used in the
world, while hydro-electric power stations
produce 20 % of energy;
• In 1903 the first Lithuanian hydro-electric power
station in which there was an electric generator
turned by a water wheel was founded.
17. Advantages and Disadvantages
• Energy of flowing water
never runs out
• Electricity production is
concidered to be clean
• Long hydro-electric
power plant working
time
• Installation of dams is
expensive and it takes a
long time to built them
• While the construction
of dams, ponds which
flood big areas form
• Agricultular land is lost,
animals and plants die.
18.
19. Waves Of The Sea
• Waves have a lot of energy, especially when strong wind blows
• To get energy from the sea, energy collectors are built
• However, to hold out on destructive force of waves and
convert it into the useful energy, very strong materials must
be used
• The produced energy was used to supply the sea lighthouses
20.
21. The tide and ebb energy
• Is used only in the places where there is a big
amplitude of tides and ebbs.
• The turbine blades are arranged in the way they can
be rotated by rising or refluent water, as well.
• It is clean and safe source of energy, but it’s blocking
fish spawning, inundating water floats wetlands.
• This technology has been tested and considered to be
paybable.
22.
23. Sea currents
• Produce energy with less flush speed than ordinary
water turbines.
• Operate on vibration produced by whirls that occur
when water flows over variety of obstacles.
• Track and field stadium sized area of cylinders would
be sufficient to produce energy for about 0.0377
EUR/kWh, and that energy would be enough for
approximately 100,000 families.
• Scientists are looking for opportunities to start
building an experimental power-station.
26. Solar energy
Solar energy is the energy released during the reactions
in the sun. The solar energy reaches the Earth,
determines its climate and sustains life.
27. The light and heat provided by tyhe sun are used as
renewable source of energy. However, modern
technologies are not adjusted to use this energy in an
effective way yet. In 2004, only 0.04% of the world's
electricity is produced from solar energy.
28. The sun is the most powerful renewable energy
source on Earth. It is estimted that the theoretical
annual global solar energy potential is 900 milion
TWh and it is about 60 times higher than the
theoretical annual global wind energy potential,
about 2200 times higher than the theoretical
annual geothermal energy potential, about 4500
times higher then biomass energy potential and
about 36000 times higher than anual theoretical
hydropower potential in the world.
29. Solar energetics in Lithuania
• During the year 2010, 2,4MWh of energy is produced . In
2011 Kruonis Pumped Storage Plant installed the biggest
solar power system in Lithuania, which is expected to
make 70 MWh power every year. Solar power in Lithuania
is mostly used for heating water in flats or vacuum solar
collectors during not-heating time.
• Lithuania has 40 small solar power-plants which provide
electricity for the company LESTO. In addition, a number
of private power-plans owned by farmers produce
electricity for their own needs.
33. Wind power
• Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a
useful form of energy, such as using wind turbines to
make electrical power, windmills for mechanical power,
windpumps for water pumping or drainage, or sails to
propel ships.
34. Advantages of wind power
• The wind is free and with modern technology it can be
captured efficiently.
• Once the wind turbine is built the energy it produces does
not cause green house gases or other pollutants.
• Wind turbines have a role to play in both the developed
and third world.
• Wind turbines are available in a range of sizes which
means a vast range of people and businesses can use
them. Single households to small towns and villages can
make good use of range of wind turbines available today.
35. Wind power in Lithuania
• In 2003 in Lithuania‘s town Skuodas, a 160 kW wind
power – station from Denmark was built and incorporated
into the main electric system. Although it didn‘t operate for
a long time because of technical problems, it was the
beginning of Lithuania‘s wind energetics. On the 9th of
March, 2004 in Kretinga district, Vydmantai
demonstrative wind power – station was inserted into
Lithuania‘s electric system. That was a 600 kW wind
power – station of ultimate design produced by German
company „ENERCON GmbH“. It was an offspring of
collaboration between Kaišiadorys and Magdeburg
dioceses.
