2. In your teams …
Select one key concept from each of the
texts that you found
Interesting
Helpful
Confirming
Surprising!
Table discussions of the groups you
observed / Report out
3. What does it mean to function in the
role of a facilitator?
15. Telling
Testing: “Here’s
what I say,
“What do you
think of it?”
Asserting: “Here’s
what I say and
here’s why I say
it.”
Explaining: “here’s
how the world
works and why I can
see it that way.”
ADVOCACY
An artist’s
pallet of
advocacy
and inquiry
High
Low
16. Asking
Clarifying: “What is the
question we are trying
to answer?”
Interviewing:
Exploring others’
points of view, and the
reasons behind them
INQUIRYLow High
17. Observing
Bystanding: Making
comments which pertain to
the group process, but not to
content.
Sensing: Watching the
conversation flow
without saying much,
but keenly aware of all
that transpires
ADVOCACY
INQUIRY
Low
High
High
18. Generating
Skillful Dialogue (Balancing
Advocacy and Inquiry):
Genuinely curious,
makes reasoning explicit,
asks others about
assumptions
Dialogue:
Suspend all
Assumptions, creating a
“container” in which
collective
thinking can emerge.
ADVOCACY
INQUIRY
Low
High
High
19. Dictating: “Here’s
what I say, and never
mind why.”
(Dysfunctional)
Interrogating:
“Why can’t you
see that your
point of view is
wrong?”
(Dysfunctional)
ADVOCACY
INQUIRY
Politicking: Giving
the impression of
balancing advocacy
and inquiry, while
being close-minded
(Dysfunctional)
Withdrawing:
Mentally
Checking out of the
room, and not paying
attention
(Dysfunctional)
Dysfunctional Forms of Advocacy and Inquiry
21. Take action base on belief
Adopt beliefs
Draw conclusions
Make assumptions
Add meanings
Select data
Observable data and experience
Ladder of Inference (Argyris & Schön, 1978)
22. How Do You Apply the Ladder of Inference
by Using Advocacy and inquiry?
Walk “Down” the Ladder.