1. Biochemistry
An Introduction to the Chemistry of
Life for Biochemistry Students
International school or National plus
school
Adapted by Tielumphd
source: harper et al
Good luck!!!
2. What is Life Made of?
Physical and Chemical sciences alone
may not completely explain the nature of
life, but they at least provide the essential
framework for such an explanation.
All students of life must have a
fundamental understanding of organic
chemistry and biochemistry.
3. Organic Chemistry
Organic chemistry is the study of Carbon
compounds.
Organic compounds are compounds
composed primarily of a Carbon
skeleton.
All living things are composed of organic
compounds.
4. Organic Chemistry
What makes Carbon Special? Why is
Carbon so different from all the other
elements on the periodic table?
The answer derives from the ability of
Carbon atoms to bond together to form
long chains and rings.
6. Organic Chemistry
Carbon can covalently bond with up
to four other atoms.
7. Carbon can form immensely
diverse compounds, from
simple to complex.
Methane with 1 Carbon DNA with tens of Billions of
atom Carbon atoms
8. Biochemistry
Biochemistry is a special branch of
organic chemistry that deals with matter
inside the living cell called Protoplasm.
Protoplasm is an enormously complex
mixture of organic compounds where
high levels of chemical activity occur.
9. Biochemistry
How much
biochemistry do you
need to know for this 2. You will be
course? expected to learn
the basic
1. You need to know
biochemical
the structure of processes of
organic molecules major cell
important to major functions, such as
biological processes. photosynthesis,
respiration, and
protein synthesis.
10. Primary Organic
Compounds
You are expected 1. Carbohydrates
to learn the
2. Lipids
structure and
functions of these 3. Proteins
organic 4. Nucleic Acids
compounds:
11. Polymers ands
Monomers
Each of these types of molecules are
polymers that are assembled from single
units called monomers.
Each type of macromolecule is an
assemblage of a different type of
monomer.
13. How do monomers
form polymers?
In condensation reactions (also called
dehydration synthesis), a molecule of
water is removed from two monomers as
they are connected together.
14.
15. Hydrolysis
In a reaction opposite to condensation, a
water molecule can be added (along with
the use of an enzyme) to split a polymer
in two.
16.
17. Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are made of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, always in
a ratio of 1:2:1.
Carbohydrates are the key source of
energy used by living things.
The building blocks of carbohydrates are
sugars, such as glucose and fructose.
18. Carbohydrates
What do the roots
mono-, di-, oligo-,
and poly mean?
Each of these roots
can be added to the
word saccharide to
describe the type of
carbohydrate you
have.
21. Lipids
Lipids are molecules that consist of long
hydrocarbon chains. Attaching the three
chains together is usually a glycerol
molecule. Lipids are NONpolar.
23. Proteins
Proteins are building blocks of structures
called amino acids. Proteins are what
your DNA codes to make (we will talk
about this in great detail in a month or
so).
A peptide bond forms between amino
acids by dehydration synthesis.
25. Protein Structure
Level Description
Primary The amino acid
sequence
Helices and Sheets
Secondary
Disulfide bridges
Tertiary
Multiple polypeptides
Quaternary connect
26. Primary structure
analogy means......
Primary data
Primary data
Kovalen bonds
Kovalen bonds
27. Salmonelle colonies
count by......
These were their
kuantitative counting
By using colony
counting methods
Must searching more
spesific methode to
repair this standart
methode.