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1. A WORLD OF
REGIONS
THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

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Governments, associations,
societies and groups form
regional organizations
and/or network as a way of
coping with the challenges
of globalizations.
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3. REGIONALISM
• It is examined in relation to identities, ethics,
religion, ecological sustainability and health.
• It is a process and must be treated as an
“emergent, socially constituted phenomenon.”
• Regions are not natural or given rather, they are
constructed and defined by the policymakers,
economic actors and even social movements.
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4. • regional concentration
of economic flows”
• It is the process of
dividing the area into
smaller segments
called regions.
Example: Division of
Nation into states or
provinces
REGIONALIS
M
• Political process
characterized by
economic policy
cooperation and
coordination
among countries.
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5. REGIONALIS
M
• Edward D. Mansfield
and Helen V. Milner
• The economic and
political definitions
of regions vary.
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Regions
• are “a group of
countries located in the
geographically specified
area” or “an
amalgamation of two
regions or a
combination of more
than two regions”
organized to regulate
and “oversee flows and
policy choices.”

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Economic and
political
respond of
Countries to
Globalization
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7. 2. Other countries make
up for their small size
by taking advantage of
their strategic location.
• Countries form
regional alliance -
for as the saying –
there is a strength
in numbers’
1. Some are large
enough and have a lot
of resources to dictate
how they participate in
process of global
integration.
• Example: China
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8. REASONS OF
FORMING
REGIONAL
ASSOCIATIONS
1. Military Defense
North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO)
• Formed during the Cold War
when several Western
European countries plus the
United states agreed to
protect Europe against the
threat of the Soviet Union.
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9. WARSAW
PACT• a regional alliance created by
Soviet Union
• Soviet Union imploded in
December 1991 but NATO
remains in place.
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2. Pooltheir resources, get better
return for their exports and
expandtheir leverage against
trading partners.
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Organization of the
Petroleum Exporting
Countries (OPEC)
• It was established in 1960 by
Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia
and Venezuela.
• It aims to regulate the
production and sale of oil.
• OPEC’s success convinced 9
other oil-producing countries
to join it.
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3. Protect their
independence from the
pressure of
superpower politics.
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13. Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
• Created by Egypt, Ghana, India, Indonesia and
Yugoslavia in 1961 to pursue world peace and
international cooperation, human rights, national
sovereignty, racial and national equality, non
Intervention and peaceful conflict resolution.
• Because the association refused to side with either
first world countries capitalist democracies in
Western Europe and North America or communist
states in Easter Europe.
• With 120 member countries.
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4. EconomicCrisiscompels
countries to cometogether
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Example:
• The Thai economy
collapsed in 1996 after the
foreign currency
speculators and troubled
international banks
demanded that the Thai
government pay back its
loans.
• It made ASEAN more
“unified and coordinated”
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