Strategic Management in Education

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1. Definition & Introduction
 Strategic Management
 Strategic Educational Management and
 Effective Educational Leadership
 Basic competences of Educational Mgmt.
2.Sustainable improvement as a key aim of:
 Educational Management
 Educational PracticeEducational Practice
 Managing School ResourcesManaging School Resources
 Effective Teaching PrincipalsEffective Teaching Principals
Course OutlineCourse Outline
3. Strategic Management in Education
 8 Characterizing features
 3 key components 1.Systemic Strategic Thinking, 2. Organizational
 Learning and 3. Pedagogical leadership
4. Implications for improving educational practice
5. Conclusion

TTo review & explore sustainable
improvement in Educational
Management changes, as priority on the
educational establishment
To look into the restructuring of the deeply
rooted model of Education Systems to that of
a Strategic Management model that is
focused on the future.

Strategic Management involves the formulation and
implementation of the major goals and initiatives
taken by top management on behalf of owners,
…based on consideration
of resources and an
assessment of the
internal and external
environments in which
the organization
competes.

Strategic Management provides overall direction
to the organization and involves;
specifying the
organization's objectives,
developing policies and
plans designed to achieve
these objectives, and then
 allocating resources to
implement the plans.

Resource Management
 efficient and effective deployment of an organization's
resources in the most efficient way, maximizing the
utilization of available resources to achieve organizational
goals.
 Such may include tangible resourcesInformation
Technology(IT)
Facilities
Financial
resources
Ideas…
..
Equipmen
t
It can also include ideas assigned to task
that adds value. These include…
Functional
Non
Functional
Labor (Human
Resource)

In the past resource management, a key issue has been how
to improve the internal school process to add value through
school effectiveness.
The answer:-
- new trend in school management
-knowledge base with empowerment,
to maximize its resources for
operation and continuous development
in management, teaching & learning,
within the new changing 21st
century
that adds value
SBM, a key component of Basic Education Sector Reform Agenda or BESRA.

Numerous models and frameworks have been
developed in Strategic Management to assist in
strategic decision making in complex environments
and competitive dynamics.
Strategic Management is
not static in nature; the
models often include a
feedback loop to monitor
execution and inform the
next round of planning.

Strategic Management Planning Cycle
Specify the Organization's
Goals
Develop policies and plans
to meet Desired Outcomes
Strategies by allocating
resources to Implement
 Measure Outcome to
monitor
Realign Results back to
Goals

Vision & Implementation Process
Know the organization‘s Vision
Develop Plans designed
to achieve Vision’s objectives
Specify the Organization‘s,
Department’s & Employee’s Goals
Develop & define Job Description
 Measure Performance and
realign to meet Vision

So, What is
Strategic
Educational
Management ?

Strategic Educational Management is the transformation
of school management for improving basic education,
entails a long-term change process with a core set of
practices, performed by school Principals, Teachers,
Students, Parents, Supervisors, Advisors and support
Staff.

Strategic Educational Management
A process that leads to create and strengthen
different ways of doing to enhance;
Effectiveness and
Efficiency
to attain equity and
relevance of
educational activity.

Strategic Educational Management
From this perspective, we plan to support Principals
from benefited schools in a model of Strategic
Educational Management,
..arising from practices
taking place in schools
every day, allowing us
to understand them
better.

Education systems have undergone a long
process of restructuring, from a past deeply rooted
model of Educational Management,
to that of a Strategic
Management model
that is focused on the
future.

The current scenario of change need to be
reviewed to explore sustainable improvement, as
priority objective in educational management.
Changes are focused on
improvement for
sustainability, and on the
educational establishment
itself.

Secondly, after finding that, at both national and
international level,
…there is a growing
consensus in the research
about the existence of
certain key elements that
are necessary in order to
achieve this sustainable
improvement.

The existence of certain key elements that are
necessary in order to achieve this sustainable
improvement are;
Strategic Educational
Management and
Effective Educational
Leadership.

Perhaps one of the key
reasons is that the needs
and interests of each
individual learning institution
have not been taken into
account nor those of
teaching staff.
History has repeatedly demonstrated that those
changes and innovations driven by government bodies
with responsibility for education rarely succeed.

More recently, in view of this lack of success, there
has been something of a change in the way in which
innovation is approached.
The need for dialogue between
educational institution and society
is now being recognized, taking
into account the particular context
for innovation within each
institution and….
acknowledging that they need to
act democratically, with
participation and collaboration
from society.

There is thus a move away, from innovation being
tied to sweeping institutional reform, and a move
towards a relationship between…
innovation,
 the professional
development of
teaching staff, and
 the learning processes
of students.

As technology is rapidly changing the world around
us, many people worry that technology will replace
human intelligence.
Some educators worry that
there will be no students to
teach anymore in the near
future as technology might
take over a lot of tasks and
abilities that we have been
teaching our students for
decades.

Here are 9 things that will shape the future of
education during the next 20 years.
The thing is: Education will never disappear. It will
just take up different forms.
1. Diverse time and place.
2. Personalized learning.
3. Free choice.
4. Project based.
5. Field experience.
6. Data interpretation.
7. Exams will change completely.
8. Student ownership.
9. Mentoring will become more
important.

The processes associated with teaching and
classroom learning should be at the heart of any
call for change or innovation,
as ultimately it is
what the teaching
staff deliver in the
classroom that
makes the
difference in the
learning outcomes
of students.

Research has shown that attempts to achieve
educational improvement has to be based on;
1. Institution’s Teaching
and
2. Learning process.
These are the two factors,
central to generating and
sustaining Improvements.
Riley, Heneveld and Harris (2002)

The combined efforts of all those working in the
educational institution should be focused on
supporting these two aspects.
It makes little sense to
emphasize on
organizational or
curricular change
processes, if these are
not going to make a
positive impact on
classroom teaching
practices.

EFFECTIVE
Student performance
improves when compared
to the entry point
ADDED VALUES INADDED VALUES IN
STUDENT OUTCOMESSTUDENT OUTCOMES
The central aim of these processes has to be the
achievement of significant improvement in learning
for all students. Elmore (2002)
Assuming that educational
quality is the key
determinant of educational
outcomes, outlined are
some of the key
ingredients that contribute
to making lasting
improvements, that
improve the effectiveness
of classroom teaching.
Brophy (2007)

-quantification of a student's progress during different
stage of his/her education.
Value added in Education
- measured by quantifying
the input (entry point) over
output score (performance)
and comparing the results
from previous, to evaluate
the progress made.

Finance
Physical Property
Student readiness
Teacher ability
Parental Support
Finance
Physical Property
Student readiness
Teacher ability
Parental Support
School culture
Motivation level
Instruction
Learning Time
Leadership
School culture
Motivation level
Instruction
Learning Time
Leadership
OUTPUTOUTPUT
Student AchievementStudent Achievement
INPUTINPUT PROCESSPROCESS
(What comes into the system?) (What is done with the inputs?)
(What is the effect of process?, and How much?)

Teaching
and
learning
processes
Teaching
staff
Effective
teaching
principles
The door
to
Classroom
Innovation

- Classroom atmosphere
conducive to learning
- Learning opportunities
- Adaptation of the
curriculum to the unique
profile of the educational
institution
- Learning guidance
offered
- Coherent content
- Reflexive discourse
Effective Teaching Principles

As technology is rapidly changing the world
around us, many people worry that technology
will replace human intelligence.
Some educators worry that
there will be no students to
teach anymore in the near
future as technology might
take over a lot of tasks and
abilities that we have been
teaching our students for
decades.

Here are 9 things that will shape the future of
education during the next 20 years.
The thing is, education will never disappear. It will
just take up different forms.
1. Diverse time and place.
2. Personalized learning.
3. Free choice.
4. Project based.
5. Field experience.
6. Data interpretation.
7. Exams will change completely.
8. Student ownership.
9. Mentoring will become more
important.

- Hands-on activities for
practical application
- Support materials to
help engage learners
- Employ diverse
teaching strategies
-Collaborative learning
Effective Teaching Principles
- Assessment based on achieving objectives
- Expectations of success

its teaching staff to manage,
make decisions and generate
innovations that respond to
the challenges of their
educational practices.
Educational improvement which considers the
educational establishment itself as the focus for
change affirms that educational improvement rests
on the capacity of the institution and,
(Escudero, 1991)
Hence the strategic management model is so
important.

Take 5!
Recent Trends in K-12 Education
Some say that this change has been a
long time coming.
Innovation Leadership inInnovation Leadership in
EducationEducation
There is an analogy that uses fairy
tale character Rip van Winkle to
describe this;

Fresh management
thinking and practices
form the basis of that
improvement.
Research into change in educational improvement
has clarified the nature and reach of an effective
management model for achieving the desired
improvements in an educational setting.
These issues remain at the centre of a far reaching
debate, with opinions appearing to veer towards a
strategic management model with pedagogical leadership.
(Bolivar& Moreno, 2006).

The fundamental task underlying the redesign of
educational institutions nowadays, is to resolve the
dissociation that exists between the strictly
pedagogical and the more generically organizational.
This involves acknowledging
that successful educational
transformation stems from
integrated Strategic
Management. Pozner (2000)

Only deep-seated change in educational working
practices will bring the education system up to the
optimum level for progress towards the strategic
objectives that currently prove so challenging.
These being:
quality;
equality;
fitness-for-purpose of
the curriculum; and
greater professionalism
in teaching.

Strategic Educational Management embraces
numerous aspect of the educational system.
Rendon in (2009)
distinguishes several of its
components as an aide to
understanding, together
with a series of factors and
fundamental competencies
that underpin it.

Key components, factors and fundamental
competencies that is helpful to examine the
basic characteristics and components of
Strategic Educational Management Model are;
a. The core nature of pedagogy.
b. Skills for dealing with complexity
c. Teamwork
d. Openness to learning and innovation
e. Advice and guidance
f. An organizational culture bound together by a clear
vision for the future
g. Strategic systemic interventions

The educational institution
itself is the organizational
cornerstone of the
education system, and, as
such, it is within the
institution that pedagogical
issues need to be
addressed.
With regard to its characterizing features, the
specialist literature reflects the following:
a. The core nature of pedagogy

An effective teacher study the science of
pedagogy and the practice of instructional design.
Pedagogy, defined as many different types and
variations of teaching.
It can empower
educators to
facilitate courses
that optimize the
learning potential of
every student.

The capacity of all the
institution’s personal to
work effectively with
external teams and
networks in order to
generate shared projects
is key.
b. Skills for dealing with complexity

Our World has generally become more complex,
many linkages and relationships between elements
make it hard to figure out how things work today.
Three skills for dealing with complexity
1.Critical Thinking
2.Conceptual Thinking
3.Risk Management
.What worked
before does not
work now as
situations are
becoming more
and more
Complex.
Below are three important
skills to help us deal with
complexity.

Critical thinking is about identifying what, in the
complex system under study, is important for the
particular situation at hand..
1.Critical Thinking
Critical thinking requires
research, critique,
analysis and evaluation
of the system and its
sub-components.

Research;
-gathering facts, information and opinions.
Critique;
-ability to discern what is important and what is not.
Analysis;
-ability to understand how
things work.
Evaluate;
-forming a quantitative
assessment of a system,
understanding how it may
behave under various
circumstances.

Conceptual thinking is the ability to reduce a
complex system into a simple, critical model.
2.Conceptial Thinking
The concept of a cat, for
instance, is a representation
of knowledge in our brain
about what makes a cat, and
how a cat is different from a
dog, or an elephant.
Cats may be all very different, but we recognize them
all as cats and not dogs. We know it when we see it!

Things are more complicated when we talk about
complex systems.
2.Conceptial Thinking
Both experience and
creative thinking help reduce
a complex system into a
simple conceptual model.
We then intuitively
understand how it works.

Reducing a system to its critical relationships, or
building a conceptual model to understand it, are
key to decision-making and to management.
3. Risk Management
Risk management is a
systematic process of
addressing and
understanding what can go
wrong with our assumptions.
What can be done?

Typically we can build flexibility into our decisions,
but that will likely cost us something.
For instance, we can buy
a refundable air ticket in
case we change our mind,
but that’s more expensive
as we know compared to
buying a non returnable
ticket ahead of time.

Thinking critically,
conceptually and
systematically addressing
risks are important, lifelong
skills that everyone should
learn.
.

Collaboration becomes the expression of a culture
that is geared to providing a shared vision of where
the institution wants to get to and of the educational
principles that are being pursued.
c. Teamwork.
It also provides teaching
staff with tools that
contribute to their
teaching practice and help
keep motivation high.

Collaborative working in the educational context is
based on processes that facilitate shared
understanding,
c. Teamwork.
and promote joint
planning, action and
reflection regarding what
needs doing and how it
needs to be done.

This involves breaking
down underlying barriers
such as fear and inertia
and fostering clarity of
goals whilst highlighting
the need for change and
improvement.
d. Openness to learning and innovation.
The mission of an educational management is to build
an organization that is open to learning from all of its
stakeholders and that has the capacity to experiment
and innovate in the pursuit of its objectives.

As an approach to
organization development,
innovation
leadership can be used to
support the achievement of
the mission or vision of an
organization or school.
Innovation Leadership
In an ever changing world with new technologies and
processes, it is becoming necessary to think innovatively in
order to ensure their continued success and stay competitive.

Innovation Leadership and its formal preparation, the
most recent focus in education reform to improve
schools to serve all students well.
Inter-institutional
collaborations in
program delivery and
evaluation drives these
new directions and forms
of innovation.

The 21st
century shift- Innovative Thinking
-a new call, a shift from 20th
century of traditional view
of organizational practices,
which discouraged
employee innovative
behaviors to:-
- valuing innovative thinking
as a “potentially powerful
influence on organizational
performance”.
21st Century Shift in Leadership & Skills

“Innovative teaching supports students’ development
of the skills that will help them thrive in future life and
work.” (IT Research)

21st
Century Skills
21st Century Shift in Leadership & Skills
The ability to adapt and change to use these
new tools has become even more important.
Educators often
hear the phrase
“21st Century
Teaching and
Learning. It
means (the new
“5 C’s” of
Education)

Support for teaching staff,
to enable them to address
issues and identify specific
solutions to challenges that
arise in the teaching
process, is vital.
e. Advice and guidance.

 Communicate
 Encourage Independence
 Be sensitive
 Encourage Thoroughness
and Patience
Tips and Techniques to support teaching staff to
enable them to address issues and identify
specific solutions to challenges that arise in the
teaching process;

Make students articulate their problem solving
process.
Communicate
In a one-on-one tutoring
session, ask the student
to work his/her problem out
loud. This slows down the
thinking process, making it
more accurate and allowing
you to access understanding.

Have students identify specific problems, difficulties,
or confusions.
If students are unable to articulate their concerns,
determine where they are having trouble by;
asking them to
identify the specific
concepts or
principles
associated with the
problem.

Model the problem solving process rather than just
giving students the answer. As you work through the
problem, consider how a novice might struggle with the
concepts and make your thinking clear.
Encourage Independence
Have students work through
problems on their own. Ask
directing questions or give
helpful suggestions, but provide
only minimal assistance and
only when needed to overcome
obstacles.

Don’t fear group work! Students can frequently help
each other, and talking about a problem helps them
think more critically about the steps needed to solve
the problem.
Encourage Independence
Additionally, group work
helps students realize that
problems often have
multiple solution strategies,
some that might be more
effective than others.

Frequently, when working problems, students are
unsure of themselves. This lack of confidence may
hamper their learning.
Be sensitive
It is important to recognize this
when students come to us for
help, and to give each student
some feeling of mastery.
Do this by providing positive
reinforcement to let students
know when they have mastered
a new concept or skill.

Try to communicate that the process is more important
than the answer so that the student learns that it is OK
to not have an instant solution.
Encourage Thoroughness and Patience
This is learned through your
acceptance of his/her pace of
doing things, through your
refusal to let anxiety pressure
you into giving the right answer,
and through your example of
problem solving through a step-
by step process.

Take 5!
How Paradigm are formed

The aim here is to look to the
future and the challenges it may
bring by clarifying objectives,
generating consensus,
f. An organizational culture bound together by a
clear vision for the future.
and identifying goals, with a view
to achieving not only coherence
but also a spirit of
entrepreneurship and creativity.

Once affirmed, it needs to be able
to be articulated by all.
- when achieved, all can then align
their efforts behind the vision and
through self-reference and
development the school will reach.
Translated into reality by means of
a Teaching Framework or belief
system.
Successful schools have a clear sense of direction
through Vision Statement. – shared & derived through a
visioning process involving all members of the school.

It is essential that the
entire educational
community re-engages
with its thirst for
learning, given the
current climate of
change in the sector.
f. An organizational culture bound together by a
clear vision for the future.

“Nearly two-thirds (63 percent)
of school administrators who
responded to a recent survey
said 1:1 computing classrooms
where teachers act as a coach
for students are the future of
education.” (T.H.E Journal)

Heidi Hayes Jacobs:
”If you’re not updating your curriculum,
you are saying that nothing is changing.”

Strategic planning refers to the combined processes
of design, development;
g. Strategic systemic interventions.
and ongoing maintenance
and monitoring of an
action or set of actions,
that links the institution’s
aims and competences
with demands and
opportunities.
Strategic planning steps

This action or intervention can be considered to be
systemic if it embraces the organization in;
g. Strategic systemic interventions.
 its entirety, its inter-
relationships, its aims
and objectives,
as well as
 linking with the
organization’s many
different context

As regards the components of strategic educational
management, there appear to be three key ingredients:
Effective educational
establishments requires
pedagogical leaders who
maintain a focus on teaching
and training processes.
They act as change agents to drive continuous
improvement in their respective organizations.
1.Systemic strategic thinking, 2. Organizational learning
and 3. Pedagogical leadership.

Evidence-based research
on this question clearly
identifies the positive role
played by this type of
leadership in harnessing
the efforts of all those
involved in educational
improvement at every
level.
The role and reach of effective educational leadership
is recognized as being indispensable and a decisive
factor in educational improvement.

There is no longer any debate regarding the fate of
any attempt to make improvements in education:
its success or failure will
be decided within the
institution itself and the
teaching therein, and this,
in turn, depends on the
quality of pedagogical
leadership and the
performance of those in
leadership roles.

The Head of the institution and its senior management
team are regarded as having an increasingly important
role to play in the management of that institution and its
results.
The current need for effective
management demands
professionals to commit to
broadening their
competences to devise new
interventions and innovations
in the pursuit of greater
educational quality.

The core competences in the professionalization of
education management are:
The ability to relate well to
others and to foster effective
co-working in the educational
setting.
Competencies geared
towards achieving high-quality
results.
 Institutional and strategic
competencies

The ability to relate well to others and to foster
effective co-working in the educational setting,
based on building
cooperative, productive
relationships that support
the improvement of
educational services.

Competencies geared towards achieving high-
quality results, such as continuing development for
teaching staff.
This ensures that the capacity
of the institution in matters of
curricular management and
pedagogy is
adequately developed.

Institutional and strategic competencies
that enable leadership capacity to be developed.
This, in turn, generates a
strategic vision of the
educational institution,
and ensures that new
projects are effectively
launched and managed.

These competences can be considered as
fundamental to the training of senior managers in
educational institutions (Concha, 2007).
They may also be regarded
as institutional indicators of
improvement in education
management and quality.
(Valenzuela, Ramimez & Alfaro,
2009)

Educational institutions need management
systems in place that are capable of controlling
the outcomes of their strategies effectively and
efficiently.
Just as in the business realm, the education sector
must apply structured methods for providing
strategic support.
The current educational model in many countries
need to undergo a series of changes, to reflect
more closely the competencies and characteristics
outlined above.

A new management model is required, based on;
significant decision-
making capacity
 leadership that is not
solely focused on one
single leader but rather is
shared across the
organization
teamwork
strategic planning all driving forward the innovation
agenda in education

List down what have you learned from this Seminar
on Strategic Management in Education that you
can practice and apply at your School.
and
Discuss this tomorrow
during the Reflection
session.
What are the expected Results /Outcomes of this
application?

Strategic Management in Education

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