2. What is Endoscopy A medical instrument used for visual examination of the interior of a body cavity or a hollow organ such as the colon, bladder, or stomach.
3. Endoscopy Tools Tube Rigid or Flexible Lens System Light Delivery System Fiber Optic Probe or Suction Device
4. Ancient History Four Major Obstacles Enlarge body entrances to body Give more light to opening Transmit a clear image Larger field of vision
5. Scientific Revolution Light Camera Obscura – reflect light off a flask filled with water Lenses Concave Mirror – reflects more light and more accurately
6. Bozzini 1806 System of Mirrors Placed different mirrors at correct places to reflect image back Setbacks – Light Conductor candlelight
7. Desormeaux 1853 Operative Endoscopy First to perform an endoscopy Used an Endoscope Better Light Source Gasogene Lamp
8. Nitze Era 1877 Grunfeld bladder stone or polyp removal Nitze Safe and reliable Microscope Optics Electric Light Bulb
9. Early 1900s Arthroscopy Albarran Lever – catheterization Goetze- Automatic Pneumoperitoneum Needle Richard Zollikofer- carbon dioxide to create pneumoperitoneum Endo-Photography
10. 1940s-1980s Palmer Quartz Rod Lighting 1952 Early vitro fertilization1961 Removal of gallstones 1986
12. Functions of Endoscope View internal body parts using lighting system, camera/video, and use of medical instruments to remove unwanted cancers Enters through opening in body Lasts 15 to 60 minutes
13. Positive Impacts on Society Find Cancer Find Internal Bleeding Better Prevention
14. Negative Impacts on Society Must train doctors on how to use new technologies being developed Higher Costs with new technology Infection Bleeding
15. Future Outlook Take images below the surface for a earlier detection of cancer Infrared Scanner Pill with light and camera Robotic Sensors
