1. Motivation
AP Psychology/ Mr. Hinder

2. Hunger
✤ Hunger is an influence in our
lives that is motivated by a
physiological need
✤ The Biology of Hunger
✤ Gastric Signals
✤ Stomach contracts

3. Hunger
✤ Blood Chemistry
✤ Glucose
✤ Insulin
✤ Leptin

4. Hunger
✤ Brain Processes
✤ Lateral hypothalamus
✤ ventromedial hypothalamus

5. Obesity &
Eating Behavior
✤ 60% of Americans are
overweight. Increase risk for
hypertension, diabetes, kidney
disease, and other
✤ Biology of Overeating
✤ Some inherit / Set Point
✤ Cognitive & Sociocultural
Factors in Obesity
✤ Time & Place

6. Hunger
✤ Dieting & Hazards of Dieting
✤ Disordered Eating
✤ dieting highest among
young women
✤ Anorexia nervosa
✤ Bulimia nervosa

7. Approaches to
Motivation in
Everyday Life
Theory

8. Approaches to
Motivation
✤ Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
✤ main needs met in order:
✤ physiological
✤ safety
✤ love/belonging
✤ esteem
✤ Self Actualization

9. Approaches to Motivation
✤ Self- Determination Theory
✤ Three basic needs
✤ Competence
✤ individuals feel they are able to bring about desired outcomes
✤ Relatedness
✤ need to engage in warm relations with other people
✤ Autonomy (sense of being in control of one’s life)

10. Approaches to Motivation
✤ Issues with Self-Determination Theory
✤ May not be universal (cultures vary in how they promote those
three needs)
✤ No Child Left Behind: focuses on external outcomes, thus
according to SDT, it undermines growth oriented motivations of
students and teachers

11. Approaches to
Motivation
✤ Intrinsic v Extrinsic Motivation
✤ Intrinsic: based on internal
factors such as autonomy,
competence, and
relatedness, curiosity,
challenge, effort
✤ Extrinsic: involves external
incentives such as gaining
rewards or avoid
punishment

12. Approaches to
Motivation
✤ Self-Regulation: Successful
pursuit of goals
✤ Goal Setting:
✤ specific, short term,
challenging
✤ accomplish don’t avoid
✤ Planning how and
monitoring progress are
critical points

13. Emotion
AP Psychology; Mr. Hinder

14. Emotion
✤ both motivation and emotion
spur an individual into action
✤ Emotion is feeling or affect that
can involve physiological arousal,
conscious experience, and
behavioral expression

15. The Biology of
Emotion
✤ Arousal
✤ sympathetic nervous system
✤ fight or flight
✤ Measuring Arousal
✤ galvanic skin response
✤ polygraph test

16. Biology of
Emotion
✤ Neural Circuits and
Neurotransmitters
✤ amygdala
✤ Cerebral Hemispheres
✤ Dopamine (happiness/
positive emotions)
✤ Norepinephrine: (regulating
arousal)

17. Cognitive
Factors
✤ Two Factor Theory of Emotion
✤ physiological arousal
✤ cognitive labeling
✤ misinterpreted arousal
intensifies emotional
experiences

18. Cognitive Factors
✤ Primacy Debate: Cognition or Emotion?