1. Dr. Karen Loeb and Dr. Renée Botta
University of Denver
An Academic, Rotary, and NGO cooperative
project in Kibera, Kenya
www.globalwashes.wordpress.com

2. Kenya & Kibera
 About 34% of Kenyans live in urban
areas, with approximately 2.5 million
living in Nairobi.
 The urban poor make up 55% of
Nairobi’s total population and occupy
5% of the total residential land area.
 Kibera is an informal settlement
situated on the southwestern part of
the city of Nairobi.
 The square mile of Kibera comprises 11
villages and is home to at least half a
million people living in slum conditions
of single rooms, mostly made of mud
and corrugated iron sheets.

3. Proposed Solution: Community-Run Water,
Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Systems
Toilet, Shower (Bathroom), and Hand Washing Facilities…
…plus Water, Purifiers, and Liquid Soap Enterprises

5. Making it Work!
-Liquid Soap Making
in Hygiene Training
Usage & Financial Record-
Keeping in Business Training-
Community Governance Decision-Making

6. Total Usage (Feb-July 2012)
Total Usage
1400
Number of Uses
1200
1000
Nyando
800
41
600
Jola
400
MSF
200
Kisinga
0 Okere
Wamunyu

7. Expenses & Revenues Feb-July ‘12
Misc Total Expenses
5% Liq Soap Total Revenue Donations
0% 0%
Showers
13%
Water
18%
Water
32%
Attendant
55%
Toilet
Tissues 69%
3% Soap
5%

8. Net Margin: Feb – July 2012
Net Margin by Facility
1600.00
1400.00
1200.00
1000.00
Nyando
800.00 41
KSH
Jola
600.00
MSF
Kisinga
400.00
Okere
200.00 Wamunyu
0.00
-200.00
-400.00

9. Diagram of Facilities and Plan for
Increased Water Capacity Wat/San Facilities in Kibera
(Ndugu School not included)
Pump Area 41
New Line
Nyando 50m
with a
Gravitational
Platform
Flow
mm 250m Wamunyu
2 levels
100m Pump Pump
Pumped MSF
150m Water
Jola
50m Okere
2 levels
Kisinga 100m
Existing Pumping Pump
Station
Funnel for Rain
Water
Existing 5000L Tank New 10,000 L Tank Catchment

10. Moving large tanks into place

11. Clearing a trash dump site for
raised tank platform at Nyando

12. Total Usage (Aug 2012-Jan 2013)
Total Usage
2500
Number of Uses
2000
1500 Nyando
41
1000 Jola
MSF
500 Kisinga
Okere
0
Wamunyu

13. Expenses & Revenues Aug 2012-Jan 2013
Total Revenue
Misc Total Expenses Liq Soap Donations
5%
4% 0%
Showers Water
17% 30%
Attendant
42%
Water
43%
Toilet
49%
Tissues Soap
7% 3%

14. Net Margins (Aug 2012 - Jan 2013)
Net Margin by Facility
4000.00
3500.00
3000.00
2500.00
Nyando
2000.00 41
KSH
Jola
1500.00 MSF
Kisinga
1000.00
Okere
Wamunyu
500.00
0.00
-500.00

15. Alternative Governance Models
1. CBO – SDG Hierarchical Model: Sharing Across CBOs (Kisinga)
2. CBO – Organic Operations Model: Independent Decision-Making (Jola)
3. CBO – Early Mobilization Model: Community Decision-Making
(Jollyland)

16. Conclusions
 Increasing water capacity and flow to facilities:
 Mitigates to some degree impact of water rationing
 Covers major operational expenses of facilities
 Yields positive net margins month-to-month
 Creates community access to portable water
 More convenient, more economical, potentially safer supply
 Increases water-based services (e.g., showers)
 Drives greater usage of sanitation facilities
 Supports related entrepreneurial solutions (liquid soap, purifiers)
Impacts Positively 3 P’s of Sustainability: Profit, People, Planet