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Field Report
 to Luki Biosphere Reserve
          Kifulu and Kiobo,
Democratic Republic of the
                     Congo

             May 22, 2012
Lessons from Kifulu
• Is on edge of reserve

• Economy is based on farming, charcoaling and
  brick making

• Has 366 people and is expanding with settler
  arrival

• It lacks infrastructure, has no school and no
  clinic and has air of poverty

• People fell that they lack land but no maps
  are available
Kifulu 2
• Neither INERA nor local Govt
  provide services to the
  community

• Women are not participating in
  decisions


• People feel powerless and
  want a better relationship to
  Reserve
      “like a marriage contract”
Kifulu 3
• There are 3 FPIC problems:

   – Land was taken by force in the
     colonial era

   – Then logging companies came in
     but they did not even consult

   – WWF Reforestation project did
     have consultations but project was
     plagued by misunderstandings on
     both sides

      • Reflexion: dialogue alone does not
        assure understanding
Lessons from Kiobo
• The Reserve was established in 1937 by the Belgians

    – They lived well from the forests

    – Their lands were taken by the Belgians by force,
      without their consent

    – The Research Station was established on the previous
      Kiobo village site and the people moved off into the
      forest to their present site

    – But the Belgians knew the people were the original
      owners of the whole area

    – People expressed frustration – it appears that the
      government no longer recognizes their original
      ownership
Kiobo 2
• The Belgians provided medical
  assistance, helped with funerals and
  agricultural advice

• This situation continued to the 1980s.
   – Question: this was also around the time
     the area was converted to a Biosphere
     Reserve. Is there any connection?

• Today this situation has broken down
  and people feel marginalised and no
  longer respected as the original
  owners
Kiobo 3
• An enclaved village – isolate - is deprived of services inc. clean water,
  market access, medical care, schools

• As a result people are gradually leaving and the population declining

• Illegal logging by outsiders is not controlled and even people who
  have been arrested are coming back

• There is illegal hunting right near village

• The people are expected to keep the
  road open but are not paid

• Bridge is in disrepair
Kiobo 4
• WWF has had a project which has brought
  agricultural development within enclave

• A successful pilot with seeds, seedling and veterinary help is now
  being extended to the wider village
    – Although only 2 people in each village could be included in pilot
    – Question: the pilot was successful and the seeds were available to
      everyone?

• People have not been told about REDD at all by INERA or WWF
    – only heard of it through ADEV

• The people don’t feel directly involved in management decisions.
    – Reflection: Having local representatives on the Steering Committee
      is not sufficient to make sure information flow to village
Kiobo 5
• Although they are on the local development committees they are
  not in the Steering Committee

• Overall the situation has not really been improved by the project

• The villagers directly requested
    –   Their needs addressed
    –   Better access to schools and clinics
    –   Atmosphere of calm and security (no illegal entry)
    –   Proper regulation of the Reserve
    –   better engagement in projects
    –   to build solution from bottom up
Discussion
• Key additional points not in village summaries
  or TFD handout
  – WWF been there since 2004 supported by
    Belgian Cooperation and EC. 2nd phase EC now
    about to start.

  – REDD Readiness project with CBFF been
    negotiated with AFDB since 2009

  – WWF project established the local community
    development committees based on Forest Code
    definition of a community
Discussion cont.
• Project admits to being very overstretched and cannot reach all 100
  villages

• But protection by eco-guards is meant to involve the communities

• Locals access to NTFPs is encouraged

• 90% of violations such as illegal cutting is done by outsiders. Forest
  is vulnerable as only large forest near Boma and Matadi

• REDD project not yet started so people not yet informed of it
Discussion cont.
• Outsiders seem to be dominating illegal trades and holding back the
  communities

• If REDD project is already planned is this FPIC? No free or prior or
  right to say ‘no’

• Can people feel represented without being part of Steering
  Committee decisions?

• Why are they not involved in dealing with CBFF and developing
  REDD project concept?

• Other enclaves are even more cut off.
Discussion cont.
• Long history of dispossession and forces outside
  project area are hard to address

• Need for wider, more holistic changes in
  institutions, laws and policies to make FPIC work
  – A reconceptualization of normal operating porcedures

• Min Env adviser:
  – Can’t deliver all REDD readiness in pilot projects, FPIC
    is not obligatory, need to consider national context,
    FPIC is not indispensable
Final remarks
• WWF: CBFF project will intensify existing
  initiatives and see if REDD possible: wider
  governance is a national challenge

• Need to improve involvement in decision-making.
  Community committees are just a start
   – Ensure information is transferred up and down

• INERA: Agree that wider engagement is needed, 6
  on steering committee are now engaging with
  CLD representative

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Drc field report presentation

  • 1. Field Report to Luki Biosphere Reserve Kifulu and Kiobo, Democratic Republic of the Congo May 22, 2012
  • 2. Lessons from Kifulu • Is on edge of reserve • Economy is based on farming, charcoaling and brick making • Has 366 people and is expanding with settler arrival • It lacks infrastructure, has no school and no clinic and has air of poverty • People fell that they lack land but no maps are available
  • 3. Kifulu 2 • Neither INERA nor local Govt provide services to the community • Women are not participating in decisions • People feel powerless and want a better relationship to Reserve “like a marriage contract”
  • 4. Kifulu 3 • There are 3 FPIC problems: – Land was taken by force in the colonial era – Then logging companies came in but they did not even consult – WWF Reforestation project did have consultations but project was plagued by misunderstandings on both sides • Reflexion: dialogue alone does not assure understanding
  • 5. Lessons from Kiobo • The Reserve was established in 1937 by the Belgians – They lived well from the forests – Their lands were taken by the Belgians by force, without their consent – The Research Station was established on the previous Kiobo village site and the people moved off into the forest to their present site – But the Belgians knew the people were the original owners of the whole area – People expressed frustration – it appears that the government no longer recognizes their original ownership
  • 6. Kiobo 2 • The Belgians provided medical assistance, helped with funerals and agricultural advice • This situation continued to the 1980s. – Question: this was also around the time the area was converted to a Biosphere Reserve. Is there any connection? • Today this situation has broken down and people feel marginalised and no longer respected as the original owners
  • 7. Kiobo 3 • An enclaved village – isolate - is deprived of services inc. clean water, market access, medical care, schools • As a result people are gradually leaving and the population declining • Illegal logging by outsiders is not controlled and even people who have been arrested are coming back • There is illegal hunting right near village • The people are expected to keep the road open but are not paid • Bridge is in disrepair
  • 8. Kiobo 4 • WWF has had a project which has brought agricultural development within enclave • A successful pilot with seeds, seedling and veterinary help is now being extended to the wider village – Although only 2 people in each village could be included in pilot – Question: the pilot was successful and the seeds were available to everyone? • People have not been told about REDD at all by INERA or WWF – only heard of it through ADEV • The people don’t feel directly involved in management decisions. – Reflection: Having local representatives on the Steering Committee is not sufficient to make sure information flow to village
  • 9. Kiobo 5 • Although they are on the local development committees they are not in the Steering Committee • Overall the situation has not really been improved by the project • The villagers directly requested – Their needs addressed – Better access to schools and clinics – Atmosphere of calm and security (no illegal entry) – Proper regulation of the Reserve – better engagement in projects – to build solution from bottom up
  • 10. Discussion • Key additional points not in village summaries or TFD handout – WWF been there since 2004 supported by Belgian Cooperation and EC. 2nd phase EC now about to start. – REDD Readiness project with CBFF been negotiated with AFDB since 2009 – WWF project established the local community development committees based on Forest Code definition of a community
  • 11. Discussion cont. • Project admits to being very overstretched and cannot reach all 100 villages • But protection by eco-guards is meant to involve the communities • Locals access to NTFPs is encouraged • 90% of violations such as illegal cutting is done by outsiders. Forest is vulnerable as only large forest near Boma and Matadi • REDD project not yet started so people not yet informed of it
  • 12. Discussion cont. • Outsiders seem to be dominating illegal trades and holding back the communities • If REDD project is already planned is this FPIC? No free or prior or right to say ‘no’ • Can people feel represented without being part of Steering Committee decisions? • Why are they not involved in dealing with CBFF and developing REDD project concept? • Other enclaves are even more cut off.
  • 13. Discussion cont. • Long history of dispossession and forces outside project area are hard to address • Need for wider, more holistic changes in institutions, laws and policies to make FPIC work – A reconceptualization of normal operating porcedures • Min Env adviser: – Can’t deliver all REDD readiness in pilot projects, FPIC is not obligatory, need to consider national context, FPIC is not indispensable
  • 14. Final remarks • WWF: CBFF project will intensify existing initiatives and see if REDD possible: wider governance is a national challenge • Need to improve involvement in decision-making. Community committees are just a start – Ensure information is transferred up and down • INERA: Agree that wider engagement is needed, 6 on steering committee are now engaging with CLD representative