Initial Problems
of Pakistan

Group Members
• Farees Mustafa 14-TE-34
• Nihar Khan 14-TE-58
• Mehmood Ali 14-TE-90
• Muhammad Bilal 14-TE-
12
• Muhammad Ismail 14-TE-42
• Muhammad Umair 14-TE-38
• Muhammad Sanaullah 14-TE-

Outline
Topics are:-
1. Documentary
2. Introduction
3. Overview of the ills of Partition (Based
on each side)
4. Details of the Great problems
5. Journals and True Stories
6. Conclusion
7. How was he (R.A) right?

Documentary
• Next Slide shows documentary on
Partition of British India

Doc pg

Introduction
• The emergence of
Pakistan, after a
long and arduous
freedom
movement, was in
fact a great victory
of the democratic
idea of life.

Introduction
• The Indian Muslims
happily and valiantly
laid down their lives
and properties to
achieve a destination
in which they saw the
fulfillment of their
dreams of living an
independent life free
from Hindu and British
dominance..

Introduction
• Quaid-e-Azam (R.A) on
15th August, 1947 said;
“My thoughts are those valiant fighters in our
cause who readily sacrificed all they had,
including their lives to make Pakistan
possible.”
• From its very inception, Pakistan faced a
large number of problems

Overview of the ills of
Partition
• Impact and Aftermath of Partition The
partition of British India left both India and
Pakistan devastated.
• Riots erupted, and looting broke out
widespread.

Overview of the ills of
Partition
• Women were raped and battered by both
the Hindus and Sikhs, and trains full of
battered women and children would arrive
at the borders of Pakistan daily.

Overview of the ills of
Partition
• Over 15 million refugees were forced into regions
completely new to them. Even though they shared the
same religion of their new home, they still had not lost
the bond to the region their family and ancestors grew
up in.

Overview of the ills of
Partition
• The provinces of Bengal and Punjab were
divided causing outrage in many Muslims,
Hindus, and Sikhs alike.

Overview of the ills of
Partition
• Even after almost six decades after the partition,
India and Pakistan have still not healed from the
wounds left by the partition. India and Pakistan
have been to war twice since the partition, and
Pakistan suffered the cursing war of the
breaking away of East Pakistan into
Bangladesh.

Overview of the ills of
Partition
• The two countries are still arguing over
the landlocked region of Kashmir. Many
believe the partition not only broke the
unity of India, but also took away the
sense of belonging to many people who
were tore apart from their native regions.

1. Choice of Capital and
Establishment of Government
• The first problem that Pakistan had to face
was to choose a capital to form a Government
and to establish a secretariat.
• Karachi was chosen as the capital of
Pakistan.

1. Choice of Capital and
Establishment of Government
• Quaid-e-Azam (R.A) took the office of the
Governor General, Liaquat Ali Khan was
appointed as Prime Minister and a
Cabinet of experienced persons was
selected.
• Arrangements were to be made to bring the
officials who had opted for Pakistan from
Delhi to Karachi.

2. Unfair Boundary
Distribution
• A boundary commission was set up under
a British Chairman, Sir Cyril Redcliff. He
misused his powers and handed over
Muslims majority areas like Gurdaspur,
Ferozpur and Junagadh to India hence
providing them a gateway to Kashmir.
• Quaid-e-Azam (R.A) called it an unjust,
incomprehensible and even perverse
award.

3. The Massacre of
Muslim Refugees in India
• On the birth of Pakistan, Hindus and Sikhs
became more furious. In a planned move,
Muslims properties and living Muslims
were set on fire and they were compelled
to leave India for Pakistan with nothing but
their lives.

3. The Massacre of
Muslim Refugees in India
• The most accurate number of causalities
were 2 lakh and fifty thousand as dead
and about 6.5 million refugees came to
Pakistan the then West Pakistan.
• In these haunted hours Quaid-e-Azam
(R.A) made an exotic speech to restore
faith and confidence.

3. The Massacre of
Muslim Refugees in India
He (R.A) said;
“Do not be overwhelmed by the enormity
of the task, there are many examples in
the history of young nations building
themselves up by sheer determination
and force of character. You have to
develop the spirits of mujahids. You are a
nation whose history is full of tales of
heroism and bravery. Live up to your
traditions and add to another chapter of

3. The Massacre of
Muslim Refugees in India
• Millions of refugees were killed before they
reached Pakistan. Many migrants were
looted and had to be provided boarding
immediately as they reached Pakistan.

4. Division of Military
and Financial Assets
• In order to embarrass Pakistan financially,
India did a lot of dishonesty in the matters
of Pakistan which were concerned with its
benefits.
• Pakistan was promised
to get Rs. 750 million
but the Indian
Government refused to
give. Pakistan received
only 200 million.

4. Division of Military
and Financial Assets
• Pakistan also did not receive the due
share of the military assets. This dishonest
attitude put Pakistan into great difficulties.
• To put it simple Pakistan started its Arms
and Finances from zero or to be precise
even below it!

5. Canal Water Dispute
• Pakistan has an agrarian economy. Most
of the rivers flowing in Pakistan have their
origin in India.
• In 1948, India stopped water supply to
Pakistani canals to damage the Pakistani
agriculture.

5. Canal Water Dispute
• However on 9th September, 1960 on
agreement called Indus Basin Treaty was
signed between the two countries.
• The treaty was put to ashes by India in
1964 and Indo-Pak War of 1965 took
place. It was the biggest Tank-tank War
in the World’s History.

6. Kashmir Dispute
• Kashmir dispute is the most important and
unsolved problem. Kashmir is the natural
part of Pakistan because at the time of
partition 85% of the Kashmir’s total
population was Muslim.
• The Hindu Dogra
Rule, who was
secretly with the
Government of India,
declared Kashmir as a

6. Kashmir Dispute
• Pakistan has continuously insisted that
Kashmir must get their right of self
determination but due to non-cooperation
of India, Kashmir issue still remain
unsolved.
• This resulted in a (what international
powers called a “Near Nuclear War”) War
of 1999’s Indo-Pak War of Kargil-Drass
Sector.

6. Kashmir Dispute
• The head on head collision suffocated
India and she had to put all her might in
the war to win. Number of causalities were
soaring in Indian Army which where three
times as many as in Pakistan Army.

6. Kashmir Dispute
• The War’s main purposes were:-
1) To free Kashmir from the clutches of
India.
2) To raise the Issue in UNO.
• Only the second Objective was achieved
due to the rivalry of our Politician with the
firm idea of getting Kashmir.

7. Constitutional Problem
• The constituent assembly failed to frame a
constitution even in eight years. Lack of a
permanent constitution created chances of
unscrupulous interference in democratic
progress of Pakistan.

7. Constitutional Problem
• At the time of
establishment of
Pakistan the Government
of India Act 1935
became the working
constitution of Pakistan
with certain adaptions.• But the need of a
constitution framed by the
elected representatives of the people
was necessary a new Nation.

7. Constitutional Problem
• So the first constituent assembly was
formed and was given the task to frame
the constitution for the country by none
other than Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali
Jinnah (R.A). • But the constituent
assembly failed to
frame a constitution
even in eight years.

7. Constitutional Problem
• Lack of a permanent constitution created
chances of corrupt interference in democratic
progress of Pakistan.
• So with in some time the constitutional
problem was overcome.

8. Annexation of Princely
States
• All Indian princely states were given the
right to link up with either of dominions.
However, the fate of some states
remained undecided.

8. Annexation of Princely
States
• The Muslim Nawab governing Junagadh
favoured in acceding to Pakistan. But
Indian Government sent Army troops
towards Junagadh and occupied the State
by force in November, 1947.
• Hyderabad Deccan was the largest and
richest state ruled by Muslim leader Nizam
who decided to remain independent.

8. Annexation of Princely
States
• But pressure tactics began to the applied
by Indian Government and Mountbatten.
India attacked Hyderabad on 13th
September 1948 and forcibly annexed this
state to India.

9. Economic Problems
• When Pakistan came into existence, it
mostly consisted of economically
backward and underdeveloped areas.
• The agricultural system was obsolete and
outdated which added to the economic
backwardness of the areas forming part of
Pakistan.

9. Economic Problems
• Before partition the Hindus, with the
blessings of the British Government, had
acquired complete monopoly in trade and
commerce.
• The major
industries were
in those areas
which were part
of India.

9. Economic Problems
• The entire capital was in the hands of the
Hindus. Unfortunately, the banks and other
financial institutions were located in Indian
territory.
• Besides these factors the technical
experts and laborers, who operated the
industries, were all Hindus because the
Muslims extremely lagged behind
in education and financial
capabilities.

9. Economic Problems
• The inadequate system of transportation
and communication also made its adverse
affect on economic development of the
country.
• The railway system and river
transportation in East Pakistan was in
depleted condition.
• The roads were in shabby and irreparable
condition. The communication and
transportation system in West Pakistan,
comparatively, were in a better position.
• The power resources in the two wings

10. Administrative
Problems
• Pakistan came into being under the most
appalling conditions. The Government of
Pakistan could not get enough time to set
up workable administrative machinery
because of the great difficulties created by
Congress.

10. Administrative
Problems
• The Indian Government
adopted delaying tactics and
transferring the Government
servants and official record
which aggravated the
situation.
• Therefore the immediate task
before the nation was to
establish a workable
administrative and
Government machinery to
run the affairs of the newly

10. Administrative
Problems
• The biggest administrative
problem facing Pakistan was the
acute shortage of competent
and experienced personnel in
the Central and Provincial
Governments.

10. Administrative
Problems
• Furthermore, there weren’t enough
chairs, tables or even stationary and
paper pins for administrative purposes.
However, Quaid-e-Azam (R.A)
paid his immediate attention towards
setting up of administrative machinery
and took a number of steps to overcome
the administrative problems of the new
state.

11. Electricity Problem
• Due to transfer of Muslim majority areas to India
and of unfair demarcation, electricity system of
West Punjab was disrupted, because all power
stations were at Mundi, a predominantly Muslim
majority area, gifted to India but Quaid-e-Azam
(R.A) said,“If we are to exist as a nation, we will
have to face the problems with determination
and force”

Conclusion
• Pakistan came into being as a free Muslim
state in quite unfavourable circumstances. It
had no resources, it had to build up its
administrative machinery from a scratch.
• But Supreme efforts were made by the
Quaid-e-Azam (R.A) and his colleagues to
grapple with the situation.
• Qaid-e-Azam’s (R.A) golden principles Unity,
Faith and Discipline gave way to Pakistan for
a bright future of a strong and well developed
country.

Conclusion
• But today we can see that
Quaid-e-Azam (R.A) was right after all
when he said,
“Pakistan is one of the Greatest Nations of the
world!”

How was he (R.A) right?
• Pakistan is Seventh
in the Nuclear
powers of the world.
• Her Armed
capabilities are
superb.
• She is home to
many Ethical
Groups.

How was he (R.A) right?
• She has almost all the weathers and
terrains of the world.
• Pakistan is one of the most important
nation geographically and in Third World
Order, Muslim world and the Bi-polar
world.

How was he (R.A) right?
• Pakistan is the pilgrim
land for Hindus, Sikhs
and Buddhists. Their
ancient relics still lie
here.
• She is home to the
oldest civilizations of
the world known today.

Thank you for your
Attention
Any questions?