1. ED 605 Literature Review
Trisha A.
Dunn

2. Problem Statement
Does the use of a classroom wiki increase
student engagement in the classroom?

3. Keywords & Sources of Information
• Keywords • Sources
 Web 2.0  Academic Search Premier
 Educational Technology  ProQuest Education
 Information Technology  ERIC
 Learner Engagement  Partnership for 21st Century
 Technology Integration Skills
 Social Networks
 Influence of Technology
 Computer Assisted Instruction
 Computer Mediated
Communication
 Student Experience
 Teacher Experience
 Instructional Design

4. Literature Matrix
Author Year Journal Source Title Wiki Background Other Technologies Classroom Engagement Adoption Factors Advantages/ Disadvantages
"Language Arts Educators Balance Text-Only
Ash 2011 Education Week
Tactics with Multimedia Skills" X X X X
"Web 2.0 Technologies for Classroom
Capo, B. H., & Orellana, Quarterly Review of Distance
A
2011
Education
Instruction: High School Teachers' Perceptions X X X X X
and Adoption Factors"
Primus : Problems, Resources, and
"Lines of Communication: Using a WIKI in a
Carter, J. F. 2009 Issues in Mathematics
Mathematics Course" X X X
Undergraduate Studies
Engstrom, M. E., &
Jewett, D
2005 TechTrends "Collaborative Learning the Wiki Way" X X X
"Collaborating Like Never Before: Reading and
Gibbons, S. 2009 English Journal
Writing Through a Wiki" X X X
Hazari, S., North, A., & Journal of Information Systems "Investigating Pedagogical Value of Wiki
Moreland, D
2009
Education Technology" X X X X
"Learning and Teaching in WANDA Wiki
Moreillon, J., Hunt, J., &
Ewing, S.
2009 Teacher Librarian Wonderland: Literature Circles in the Digital X X
Commons"
"Student-Reported Differences in Technology
Oliver, K. M., & Corn, J.
O.
2008 Educational Media International Use and Skills After the Implementation of One- X X X X
to-One Computing"
"Wiki-Supported Collaborative Learning in
Pifarré, M., & Staarman, International Journal of Computer-
J.K.
2011
Supported Collaborative Learning
Primary Education: How a Dialogic Space is X X X X
Created for Thinking Together"
"Wiki, wiki, wiki-WHAT?" Assessing Online
Tharp, T. L. 2010 English Journal
Collaborative Writing" X X X X

5. Annotated Review
Consists of two basic parts:
A. A summary of education in the
age of technology
B. A review of how wikis are
used to foster collaboration

6. Annotated Review
Introduction
o The “Digital Disconnect” (Engstrom & Jewett, 2005).
o New models of education (Learning for the 21st Century, 2002)
Education in the Age of Technology
o Finding a place in the global marketplace (Good, 2008)
 Addressing the gap between how students live and how they
learn (Partnership for 21st Century, 2002)
o Ability to comprehend and utilize a variety of media (Ash, 2011)
 Digital literacy through Web 2.0 (Partnership for 21st Century,
2002)
 Internet usage shifting from “omnidirectional” to
“multidirectional” (Good, 2008)
 Key is finding ways to support students appropriately (Pifarre
& Staarman, 2010)

7. Annotated Review
o Teacher attitudes and beliefs
 “Add technology and stir” mentality (Good, 2008)
 Technology not being “widely integrated into the curriculum
across grade levels” (Good, 2008)
 Teacher attitudes and beliefs as impediments (Capo, 2011)
 Adequate training an issue (Capo, 2011).
o Increased technology usage fosters improved student attitudes and
self-concepts (Good, 2008)
 Students enjoy working on computers and are more motivated
to complete activities (Good, 2008)
 Social Web 2.0 tools give students chance to express their views
(Hazari, North, & Moreland, 2009)
 Social technologies “mirror the social networking sites they use
all the time in their lives outside of school” (Gibbons, 2010)
 Using real-world examples helps students “understand and
retain more when their learning is relevant, engaging, and
meaningful to their lives“ (Partnership for 21st Century, 2002)

8. Annotated Review
o Students more “digitally connected than parents and educators
 Sites like Facebook offer schools access to graduates and parents
(Roe, 2011)
 School clubs and organizations use Facebook and Twitter (Roe,
2011
o One-to-One Computing
 Increases individualized learning
 Students report higher levels of satisfaction with school
technology (Oliver and Corn, 2008)
 Collaborate on tasks more often (Oliver and Corn, 2008)
 Generate original internet content (Oliver and Corn, 2008)
Fostering Collaboration with Wikis
o Wiki characteristics
 Allow for individuals to edit content and control changes (Wei-
Tsong & Zu-Hao, 2011; Engstrom & Jewett, 2005)

9. Annotated Review
 Allow administrators to determine security levels for all
members (Wei-Tsong & Zu-Hao, 2011
 Allow for linked content and pages (Wei-Tsong & Zu-Hao,
2011; Pifare & Staarman, 2011)
o Sharing knowledge and building communities
 “Wiki community” consists of many interactions among its
members, who work to create benefits for the group (Wei-
Tsong & Zu-Hao, 2011)
 Communal nature encourages individuals to collaborate and
share knowledge
 Provide users with space to store documents, images, and
presentations (Wei-Tsong & Zu-Hao, 2011)
 Wikis provide students with the ability to effectively manage
larger quantities of information (Raman & Olfman, 2005

10. Annotated Review
o Collaborative nature of the wiki design
 Dynamic nature allows them to be updated from anywhere
without prior knowledge of a programming language (Carter,
2009)
 Creates space for students to develop relationships “in which
they expected challenges and alternatives” (Pifarre and
Staarman, 2010)
 In collaborative writing projects educators felt the “lack of
structure and the social nature of the project” helped students
bring meaning to the assignment (Tharp, 2010)
 Community-building potential ideal for a variety of
collaborative activities (Moreillon, Hunt & Ewing, 2009)

11. Annotated Review
o Wiki environment addresses major theories of learning (Hazari,
North, & Moreland, 2009)
 Engagement theory
Specific to technology-based teaching
Offers a “conceptual framework that encourages
collaboration and student engagement”
Main components have been shown to increase student
motivation
Wikis provide students with opportunities for problem
solving in a group environment
 Constructivism
Inquiry-based learning in which students construct
personal meaning and interpretations of new materials
based on prior knowledge and learning.
 Wiki applications provide students with means of making
critical connections

12. Annotated Review
Summary
o Era of “technology saturation”
o Literature supports the idea that wikis foster
collaboration in the classroom (Good, 2008)

13. References
Ash, K. (2011). Language arts educators balance text-only tactics with
multimedia skills. Education Week, 30(35), 7-S9.
Capo, B. H., & Orellana, A. (2011). Web 2.0 technologies for classroom
instruction: High school teachers' perceptions and adoption factors.
Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 12(4), 235-253.
Carter, J. F. (2009). Lines of communication: Using a WIKI in a mathematics
course. Primus : Problems, Resources, and Issues in Mathematics
Undergraduate Studies, 19(1), 1-17. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com/docview/213432677?accountid=231
Engstrom, M. E., & Jewett, D. (2005). Collaborative learning the wiki way.
TechTrends, 49(6), 12-15,68. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com/docview/223126162?accountid=231
Gibbons, S. (2010). Collaborating like never before: Reading and writing
through a wiki. English Journal, 99(5), 35-39. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com/docview/205393161?accountid=231

14. References
Good, Thomas L. 21st century education: A reference handbook. Thousand
Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2008. II-209-I-219.
Hazari, S., North, A., & Moreland, D. (2009). Investigating pedagogical value of
wiki technology. Journal of Information Systems Education, 20(2), 187-
198. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com/docview/200157232?accountid=231
Moreillon, J., Hunt, J., & Ewing, S. (2009). Learning and teaching in WANDA wiki
wonderland: Literature circles in the digital commons. Teacher Librarian,
37(2), 23-28.
Oliver, K. M., & Corn, J. O. (2008). Student-reported differences in technology
use and skills after the implementation of one-to-one computing.
Educational Media International, 45(3), 215-229.
Partnership for 21st Century. (2002). Learning for the 21st century: A report
and mile
guide for 21st century skills. Retrieved from
http://www.p21.org/downloads/
P21_report.pdfWashington, DC: Partnership for 21st Century Skills.

15. References
Pifarré, M., & Staarman, J.K. (2011). Wiki-supported collaborative learning in
primary education: How a dialogic space is created for thinking together.
International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning,
6(2), 187-205.
Raman, M., Ryan, T., & Olfman, L. (2005). Designing knowledge management
systems for teaching and learning with wiki technology. Journal of
Information Systems Education, 16(3), 311-320. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com/docview/200159459?accountid=231
Roe, M. J. (2011). Learning tools for innovation. Leadership, 40(4), 32-38.
Tharp, T. L. (2010). "Wiki, wiki, wiki-WHAT?" assessing online collaborative
writing. English Journal, 99(5), 40-46. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com/docview/205412963?accountid=231
Wei-Tsong Wang, & Zu-Hao Wei. (2011). Knowledge sharing in wiki
communities: An empirical study. Online Information Review, 35(5), 799-
820.

16. Research Outline
Research Design: My research will utilize a causal-
comparative research. I will select two groups that
differ on the variable of classroom wiki usage and
compare them in terms of their feelings of classroom
engagement.
Hypothesis: I would test the hypothesis that students
who use a class wiki feel more actively engaged in the
classroom than those students who do not use a class
wiki.

17. Research Outline
Sampling
• I will select participants based on the teachers’
willingness to participate.
• My experimental group will be those students
who are in a class in which the teacher utilizes a
class wiki.
• My control group will be those students who are
in classrooms without a class wiki.
• Comparing at least five classes from my control
and five from my experimental group should
yield more accurate results than just comparing
two classes.

18. Research Outline
Data Collection
• I will utilize a survey to test the students’
feelings of engagement which will ask
them to identify the number of times over
the course of a week of instruction they
access the wiki (for the experimental
group) and their general feelings of
engagement in the classroom.
• I will also survey the teachers as to their
own perceptions of student engagement.

19. Research Outline
Analysis
• I will analyze the data to compare the two
groups.
• It will be important for me to isolate
students into homogenous groups.
For example, I believe grouping students by
average GPA might work to ensure that my
results are not skewed because students whose
teacher utilize a class wiki might already be
placed in honors of Advanced Placement and
might, therefore, already tend to be more
engaged in class.