2. Antibiotics Agents
Microorganisme, Infection, Pathogenic
Mode of transmission :
● airborne-droplets
● direct contact
● direct, indirect, intermediary animal contact
● vectors
● contaminated food
● contaminated water
● soil borne spore-forming organisms
● contaminated blood
● transplacentally or via maternal membrane
● human carrier
.
3. Antibiotics
Are used to treat infectious diseases in plants,
animal, and man, may be natural or synthetic
substance that inhibit the growth of or destroy
microorganisms, especially bacteria.
Bacteria
gram-positive, gram-negative or acid-fast
Gram’s method of staining
Gentian violet
4. Gonorrhea, syphilis, tuberculosis,
pneumonia, chlamydia, rheumatic fever,
scarlet fever, meningitis, strepthroat, and
salmonellosis
Classification of Antibiotics
Broad spectrum / Narrow spectrum /
Extended spectrum
Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and Proteus
5. Adverse reactions
.
Hypersensitivity – allergic response
[urticaria, skin eruptions/rash, fever, headache,
nausea, vomiting and diarrhea]
– Anaphylactic shock
[facial or laryngeal edema, dyspnea, cyanosis,
circulatory collapse & convulsion]
Organ Toxicity – liver dysfuntions and
renal dysfunctions.
Superinfection – resistant strain of
bacteria, fungi or yeast.
6. Antibiotic Groupings
1. Penicillins
amoxillin, ampicillin, penicilin G
2. Cephalosporins Penicillinase – Resistant
Penicillin
cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, oxacillin
3 generation :
a. Bacteriostatic against gram positive, negative
and susceptible to being inactivated by beta
lactamase enzymes produced.
cefadroxil (Duricef, Ultracef), cefazolin (Ancef,
Zolicef), cephalexin (Cefanex, Keflex, Keftab)
7. b. Broader spectrum against gram
positive. Haemophilus influenzae is
especially sensitive.
cefaclor (Ceclor), cefrozil (Cefzil),
cefuroxime (Ceftin, Kefurox, Zinacef
c. Broader spectrum against gram
negatives ; E. Coli, Klebsiella species,
Proteus mirabilis, Morganella
morganii, strptococcus, staphylococcus,
Neisseria gonorhoeae, Haemophilus
cefepime (Maxipime), cefixime (Suprax),
ceftazidime (Ceptaz, Fortaz, Tazicef)
