1. 7.1 Glaciers

2. Ice Age
• A period of time when much of Earth’s land is
covered by glaciers.

3. Glacier
• A thick mass of ice originating on land from
the compaction and recrystallization of snow
that shows evidence of past or present flow

4. Snowline
• Lowest elevation in a particular area that
remains covered in snow all year.

5. Valley Glacier
• A glacier confined to a mountain valley, which
in most instances had previously been a
stream valley.

6. Ice sheet
• Enormous ice masses that flow in all
directions from one or more centers and cover
everything but the highest land.

7. Till
• Sediment of different sizes deposited directly
by a glacier

8. Moraine
• A ridge of unsorted sediment left by a glacier

9. Glacial trough
• V-shaped or U-shaped valley cut by glacial
movement.

10. Key Concept
• A valley glacier is a stream of ice that flows
between steep rock walls from a place near
the top of the mountain valley

11. Key Concept
• Ice sheets are sometimes called continental
ice sheets because they cover large regions
where the climate is extremely cold. They are
huge compared to valley glaciers.

12. Key Concept
• The movement of glaciers is referred to as
flow. Glacial flow happens two ways : plastic
flow and basal slip.

13. Key Concept
• The glacial budget is the balance or lack of
balance between accumulation at the upper
end of a glacier and loss, or wastage, at the
lower end.

14. Key Concept
• Many landscapes were changed by the
widespread glaciers of the recent ice age.

15. Key Concept
• Glaciers are responsible for a variety of
erosional landscape features, such as glacial
troughs, hanging valleys, cirques, arêtes, and
horns.

16. Key Concept
• Glacial drift applies to all sediments of glacial
origin, no matter how, where, or in what form
they were deposited. There are two types of
glacial drift: till and stratified drift.

17. Key Concept
• Glaciers are responsible for a variety of
depositional features, including moraines,
outwash plains, kettles, drumlins, and eskers.