11. Artesian well
• A well in which the water naturally rises above
the level of the water
12. Cavern
• A naturally formed underground chamber or
series of chambers most commonly produced
by solution activity in limestone
13. travertine
• A form of limestone that is deposited by hot
springs or as a cave deposit
14. Karst topography
• An area that has a land surface or topography
with numerous depressions called sinkholes
15. Sinkhole
• A depression produced in a region where
soluble rock has been removed by
groundwater
16. Key Concept
• Much of the water in soil seeps downward
until it reaches the zone of saturation. The
zone of saturation is the area where water fills
all of the open spaces in sediment and rock.
Groundwater is the water within this zone
17. Key Concept
• Groundwater moves by twisting and turning
through interconnected small openings. The
groundwater moves more slowly when the
pore spaces are smaller
18. Key Concept
• A spring forms whenever the water table
intersects the ground surface
19. Key Concept
• Overuse and contamination threatens
groundwater supplies in some areas.
20. Key Concept
• Erosion forms most caverns at or below the
water table in the zone of saturation
21. Key Concept
• Karst areas typically have irregular terrain,
with many depressions called sinkholes