ReRe--orienting TVET Policy towards Educationorienting TVET Policy towards Education
for Sustainable Developmentfor Sustainable Development
Bangladesh PerspectiveBangladesh Perspective
Presented byPresented by
Ms. Razia BegumMs. Razia Begum
Additional SecretaryAdditional Secretary
Ministry of EducationMinistry of Education
Government of BangladeshGovernment of Bangladesh

OutlineOutline
1. Objective/ Rationale1. Objective/ Rationale
2. A short brief on Technical and2. A short brief on Technical and
Vocational Education in BangladeshVocational Education in Bangladesh
3. Certificates/ Diplomas/Degrees offered in TVE3. Certificates/ Diplomas/Degrees offered in TVE
4. Enrollment and Expenditure in TVET4. Enrollment and Expenditure in TVET
5. Challenges5. Challenges -- Quality Assurance,Quality Assurance,
Accountability, Governance and SustainabilityAccountability, Governance and Sustainability
Issues.Issues.

ObjectivesObjectives
•• 1. To give a brief account on the status of1. To give a brief account on the status of
the TVET in Bangladesh.the TVET in Bangladesh.
•• To give an overview of the GovernmentTo give an overview of the Government
programs and policies.programs and policies.
•• To highlight some of the best practicesTo highlight some of the best practices
used in TVET in Bangladesh.used in TVET in Bangladesh.
•• To focus on risks and challenges lyingTo focus on risks and challenges lying
ahead.ahead.

A Short Brief on Technical andA Short Brief on Technical and
Vocational Education:Vocational Education:
((Certificates/ Diplomas/Degrees offeredCertificates/ Diplomas/Degrees offered))
1.1. CertificatesCertificates:: SSC/HSC (Vocational)SSC/HSC (Vocational)
Offered byOffered by : Govt./Non Govt. Technical Schools: Govt./Non Govt. Technical Schools
and Colleges.and Colleges.
PrerequisitePrerequisite:: 10 yrs of Schooling (SSC), 12 yrs of10 yrs of Schooling (SSC), 12 yrs of
Schooling (HSC)Schooling (HSC)
2.2. DiplomasDiplomas :: 4 years course,4 years course, Polytechnic InstitutesPolytechnic Institutes
Requisite :Requisite : SSC/HSC(Voc)SSC/HSC(Voc)
3. Degrees:3. Degrees: 4 years course,4 years course, Engineering CollegesEngineering Colleges
Requisite:Requisite: Diploma, HSC (voc) and equivalent.Diploma, HSC (voc) and equivalent.
Ref: Bangladesh Technical Education Board

Technical and Vocational Education:Technical and Vocational Education:
Present statusPresent status
a) Certificate level:a) Certificate level:
(i)(i) Govt. Technical School and Colleges:Govt. Technical School and Colleges:
These type of institutes conducts SSCThese type of institutes conducts SSC
(Voc) and HSC (Voc) certificate courses.(Voc) and HSC (Voc) certificate courses.
–– SSC (Voc) 10 years Schooling programSSC (Voc) 10 years Schooling program
–– HSC (Voc) 12 years Schooling programHSC (Voc) 12 years Schooling program
(prerequisite qualification SSC (Voc))(prerequisite qualification SSC (Voc))
•• Besides this, Technical School andBesides this, Technical School and
Colleges conducts short courses forColleges conducts short courses for
different time period.different time period.

(ii)(ii) NonNon--Govt. Schools :Govt. Schools :
These type of schools conducts SSC (Voc)These type of schools conducts SSC (Voc)
Course.Course.
b) Diploma level institutes:b) Diploma level institutes:
•• Polytechnic institutes and similar typePolytechnic institutes and similar type
institutes.institutes.
•• These type of institutes conductsThese type of institutes conducts 4 years4 years
diploma in Engineering, Survey, Glass anddiploma in Engineering, Survey, Glass and
ceramic, graphic arts and printing coursesceramic, graphic arts and printing courses
•• PrePre--requisite qualification is : SSC,requisite qualification is : SSC,
SSC(voc) and equivalent.SSC(voc) and equivalent.

((c) Degree level institutes:c) Degree level institutes:
•• These institutes conduct 4 years BSC inThese institutes conduct 4 years BSC in
Engineering, Leather Technology, TextileEngineering, Leather Technology, Textile
technology and Technical Educationtechnology and Technical Education
courses.courses.
•• Prerequisite qualification required to enrollPrerequisite qualification required to enroll
these courses :Diploma, HSC (voc) andthese courses :Diploma, HSC (voc) and
equivalent.equivalent.

List of affiliated institutes,List of affiliated institutes,
specialization and intake capacityspecialization and intake capacity
1.Diploma in Technical Education
Number of InstitutesNumber of Institutes
PublicPublic PrivatePrivate TotalTotal
11 -- 11 120120
IntakeIntake
CapacityCapacity
2.Diploma in Vocational Education
808011--11
TotalTotalPrivatePrivatePublicPublic
IntakeIntake
CapacityCapacity
Number of InstitutesNumber of Institutes
Ref: Bangladesh Technical Education Board, Computer Cell

3.Diploma in Engineering
Number of InstitutesNumber of Institutes
PublicPublic PrivatePrivate TotalTotal
4747 128128 175175 35,83235,832
IntakeIntake
CapacityCapacity
Area: Architecture, Automobile, Chemical, Civil, Civil (Wood),
Computer, Electrical, Electronic, Food, Mechanical, Power,
Refrigeration and Air-Condition, Offset Printing, Graphic
Reproduction Printing, Ceramic, Glass, Marine, Shipbuilding,
Aircraft Maintenance (Aerospace), Aircraft Maintenance
(Avionics), Computer Science, Data Telecommunication and
Networking, Surveying, Architecture and Interior Design,
Construction, Electro medical, Environmental, Garments Design
and Pattern Making, Instrumentation and Process Control,
Mechatronics, Mining and Mine Survey, Telecommunication.
Ref: Bangladesh Technical Education Board, Computer Cell

4. Diploma in Textile Engineering
Number of InstitutesNumber of Institutes
PublicPublic PrivatePrivate TotalTotal
0303 -- 0303 150150
IntakeIntake
CapacityCapacity
Area: Yarn Manufacturing, Fabric Manufacturing,
Wet Processing, Garments & Clothing.
2,2802,280262620200606
TotalTotalPrivatePrivatePublicPublic
IntakeIntake
CapacityCapacity
Number of InstitutesNumber of Institutes
5. Diploma in Forestry
Ref: Bangladesh Technical Education Board, Computer Cell

6. Diploma in Agriculture
Number of InstitutesNumber of Institutes
PublicPublic PrivatePrivate TotalTotal
1313 9090 103103 10,01010,010
IntakeIntake
CapacityCapacity
7. Diploma in Animal Health and Production
3003000303--0303
TotalTotalPrivatePrivatePublicPublic
IntakeIntake
CapacityCapacity
Number of InstitutesNumber of Institutes
Ref: Bangladesh Technical Education Board, Computer Cell

8. a. Diploma in Health Technology
b. Certificate in Health Technology
No of InstitutionNo of Institution
a. M/O Health.a. M/O Health.
b. M/O Educationb. M/O Education
IntakeIntake
CapacityCapacity
TotalTotal
IntakeIntake
CapacityCapacity
PublicPublic PrivatePrivate TotalTotal
a.a. 55 2929 3434 41004100
b.b. 00 5252 5252 19201920
Certificate in Health TechnologyCertificate in Health Technology
PublicPublic PrivatePrivate TotalTotal
a.a. 00 6767 6767 21802180
b.b.
Ref: Information Cell, Directorate of Technical Education

10. HSC (Business Management)
Number of InstitutesNumber of Institutes
PublicPublic PrivatePrivate TotalTotal
-- 13271327 13271327 1,19,2501,19,250
IntakeIntake
CapacityCapacity
Area: Computer Operation, Secretarial Science,
Accounting, Banking, entrepreneurship.
11. HSC (Vocational)
16,74016,7406464--6464
TotalTotalPrivatePrivatePublicPublic
IntakeIntake
CapacityCapacity
Number of InstitutesNumber of Institutes
Ref: Bangladesh Technical Education Board, Computer Cell

12. SSC (Vocational)
Number of InstitutesNumber of Institutes
PublicPublic PrivatePrivate TotalTotal
129129 15971597 17261726 1,25,0001,25,000
IntakeIntake
CapacityCapacity
Area: Audio Video System, Agro Based Food, Automotive,
Building Maintenance, Civil Construction, Computer,
Drafting (Civil), Drafting (Mechanical), Dress Making &
Tailoring, Farm Machinery, Fish Culture & Breeding, Fruit
& Vegetable Cultivation, Food Processing & Preservation,
General Mechanics, General Electrical Works, Livestock
Rearing & farming, Poultry Rearing & Farming,
Refrigeration & Air Conditioning, Welding Works, Electrical
Maintenance Works, Dying Printing & Fishing, Glass,

Wood Working, Ceramic, Machine Tools Operation,
Knitting, Plumbing & Pipe Fitting, Weaving, Welding &
Fabrications, Architectural Drafting With AutoCAD,
Electrical Machine Maintenance, Industrial Electronics,
Nursing & Mid- wifering, Hotel Management & Catering,
Foundry Works, Shrimp Culture & Breeding.
13. Dhakil (Vocational)
Number of InstitutesNumber of Institutes
PublicPublic PrivatePrivate TotalTotal
-- 100100 100100 6,0006,000
IntakeIntake
CapacityCapacity
Ref: Bangladesh Technical Education Board, Computer Cell

14. Certificate in Vocational Education
Number of InstitutesNumber of Institutes
PublicPublic PrivatePrivate TotalTotal
0101 -- 0101 120120
IntakeIntake
CapacityCapacity
15. Computer Training Program
14,00014,0004754754724720303
TotalTotalPrivatePrivatePublicPublic
IntakeIntake
CapacityCapacity
Number of InstitutesNumber of Institutes
Ref: Bangladesh Technical Education Board, Computer Cell

16. Basic Trade Course (360 Hours)
Number of InstitutesNumber of Institutes
PublicPublic PrivatePrivate TotalTotal
0909 160160 169169 8,2758,275
IntakeIntake
CapacityCapacity
Ref: Bangladesh Technical Education Board, Computer Cell

Vocational Education
• Bangladesh Vocational Qualification
Framework (present)
NSS BasicNSS Basic Basic skilledBasic skilled 360 hours Basic Trade360 hours Basic Trade
CourseCourse
NSS IIINSS III Semi skilledSemi skilled SSC (Voc) Class IXSSC (Voc) Class IX
NSS IINSS II skilledskilled SSC (Voc) Class XSSC (Voc) Class X
NSS INSS I Highly skilledHighly skilled HSC (Voc) Class XI & XIIHSC (Voc) Class XI & XII
NSS MasterNSS Master Master craftsmanMaster craftsman Industry AssessedIndustry Assessed
Ref: Bangladesh Technical Education Board, Computer Cell

No. of institutes and students appearing
SSC (Voc) Examination
YearYear No. ofNo. of
InstitutionInstitution
No. of StudentNo. of Student
appearing SSC (Voc)appearing SSC (Voc)
Pass ratePass rate
(%)(%)
GrowthGrowth
rate (%)rate (%)
20002000 427427 1456014560 61.8561.85 --
20012001 535535 2005520055 57.1657.16 37.7437.74
20022002 680680 2559025590 43.4543.45 27.6027.60
20032003 687687 3162731627 38.9238.92 23.5923.59
20042004 870870 3145231452 51.1651.16 --0.550.55
20052005 950950 3577935779 51.4451.44 13.7613.76
20062006 12271227 4830948309 61.3761.37 35.0235.02
20072007 13381338 6463764637 51.0851.08 33.8033.80
20082008 14631463 8237582375 62.8862.88 27.4427.44
Ref: Bangladesh Technical Education Board, Computer Cell

Ref: Bangladesh Technical Education Board, Computer Cell

Comparison of General & Vocational
Education at Secondary Level:
SSC ExamineeSSC Examinee
YearYear
TotalTotal VocationalVocational
20032003 10842411084241 3162731627 2.922.92
20042004 964507964507 3145231452 3.263.26
20052005 944015944015 3577935779 3.763.76
50065006 995123995123 4830948309 4.864.86
20072007 10245371024537 6463764637 6.316.31
20082008 10065691006569 8237582375 8.188.18
20092009 10586741058674 7505775057 7.087.08
% of Vocational% of Vocational
EducationEducation
Ref: Bangladesh Technical Education Board, Computer Cell

Major achievements in TVETMajor achievements in TVET
Ensuring Accessibility:Ensuring Accessibility:
•• New institutes are established toNew institutes are established to
enhanced enrollment and 18320enhanced enrollment and 18320
enrollment capacity increased for the lastenrollment capacity increased for the last
three years.three years.
•• Special quota facilities for tribal (2/4 eachSpecial quota facilities for tribal (2/4 each
institutes), freedom fighters dependant(2institutes), freedom fighters dependant(2
each group of each department), andeach group of each department), and
women (10%) and vocational back groundwomen (10%) and vocational back ground
students (15%) of capacity are provided.students (15%) of capacity are provided.

•• 4 separate polytechnic institutes for4 separate polytechnic institutes for
women are established, intake capacity iswomen are established, intake capacity is
680 (enrollment= 680*4 years course680 (enrollment= 680*4 years course
=2720).=2720).
•• Double shift program launched with theDouble shift program launched with the
existing infrastructure through paying onlyexisting infrastructure through paying only
30% of basic salary and capacity30% of basic salary and capacity
becomes double of those institutes wherebecomes double of those institutes where
double shift program running anddouble shift program running and
increased intake capacity number isincreased intake capacity number is
14630.14630.

Quality and relevancy:Quality and relevancy:
•• Syllabuses updated with market demandSyllabuses updated with market demand
•• Monitoring tools designed and monitoringMonitoring tools designed and monitoring
is done accordinglyis done accordingly
•• Industrial linkage enhanced for gettingIndustrial linkage enhanced for getting
practical experiencepractical experience
•• New equipment supplied for updated skill.New equipment supplied for updated skill.
•• Training facilities arranged for theTraining facilities arranged for the
teachers' and staff both home andteachers' and staff both home and
overseas.overseas.
•• Linkage is being maintained withLinkage is being maintained with
International Agencies for exchangingInternational Agencies for exchanging
technical knowledge.technical knowledge.

Role of Government in educationalRole of Government in educational
developmentdevelopment
•• Govt. Establishes new educational institute onGovt. Establishes new educational institute on
regular basis from its won fund.regular basis from its won fund.
•• Govt. prepares syllabuses through itsGovt. prepares syllabuses through its
agencies.agencies.
•• Govt. conducts examinationGovt. conducts examination
•• Govt. prepares education policyGovt. prepares education policy
•• Govt. contributes full fund for govt.Govt. contributes full fund for govt.
educational institutes and 90% salaries for theeducational institutes and 90% salaries for the
NonNon--Govt. educational institutesGovt. educational institutes
•• Govt. contributes to international organizationGovt. contributes to international organization
for improving quality of Technical Vocationalfor improving quality of Technical Vocational
Education.Education.

Role of community participation inRole of community participation in
educationeducation
•• Industry people are involved in preparingIndustry people are involved in preparing
syllabuses to make syllabus marketsyllabuses to make syllabus market
oriented.oriented.
•• Industry linkage is being maintained withIndustry linkage is being maintained with
educational institutes and students areeducational institutes and students are
getting opportunity for industrial attachmentgetting opportunity for industrial attachment
program in the industries.program in the industries.
•• At present some NonAt present some Non--govt. organizationsgovt. organizations
are conducting Technical and vocationalare conducting Technical and vocational
education program.education program.
•• Some private organizations are conductingSome private organizations are conducting
diploma and degree courses on TVETdiploma and degree courses on TVET

Local resource mobilization:Local resource mobilization:
•• Maximum of our educational institutes areMaximum of our educational institutes are
funded through Govt. own resources.funded through Govt. own resources.
•• Infrastructure of NonInfrastructure of Non--Govt. School is builtGovt. School is built
through community/private fundingthrough community/private funding
Ensuring good governance inEnsuring good governance in
education sector:education sector:
•• Teachers' are provided training onTeachers' are provided training on
guidance and counseling.guidance and counseling.
•• Teachers' are given training onTeachers' are given training on
Competency Based Training on TVET.Competency Based Training on TVET.
•• Guardians' day is observed annually in theGuardians' day is observed annually in the
institutes.institutes.

Educational FinancingEducational Financing
Funding Modalities: Vocational/ TechnicalFunding Modalities: Vocational/ Technical
EducationEducation..
Financial contribution for Technical andFinancial contribution for Technical and
Vocational Education institutes are made byVocational Education institutes are made by
govt. for Govt. Certificate level institutes like ;govt. for Govt. Certificate level institutes like ;
Technical School and Colleges ,Diploma levelTechnical School and Colleges ,Diploma level
institutes like; Polytechnic Institutes &institutes like; Polytechnic Institutes &
similar type Institutes and Degree levelsimilar type Institutes and Degree level
Institutes like, Engineering Colleges, TextileInstitutes like, Engineering Colleges, Textile
college, Leather college and Teachingcollege, Leather college and Teaching
Training College from revenue budget.Training College from revenue budget.

(Amount in taka and in million)
Budget Allocation (Revenue & Development) for
DTE
FiscalFiscal
Total Budget forTotal Budget for
Ministry ofMinistry of
Education (MOE)Education (MOE)
BudgetBudget
allocation forallocation for
DTEDTE
Percent( %)Percent( %)
share by DTE outshare by DTE out
of total MOEof total MOE
20032003--0404
48899.148899.1 1522.01522.0 3.113.11
20042004--0505
50113.750113.7 2113.22113.2 4.224.22
20052005--0606
69150.669150.6 2023.42023.4 2.932.93
20062006--0707
82390.082390.0 1775.41775.4 2.152.15
20072007--0808
85861.985861.9 2651.32651.3 3.093.09
20082008--0909
90530.590530.5 2200.92200.9 2.432.43
Ref: Bangladesh Technical Education Board, Computer Cell

Main ChallengesMain Challenges
•• Updating knowledge and skill withUpdating knowledge and skill with
competitive and volatile market .competitive and volatile market .
•• Ensuring participatory learning .Ensuring participatory learning .
•• Need assessment for competitive jobNeed assessment for competitive job
market .market .
•• Rather more expensive than generalRather more expensive than general
education.education.
•• Survival with technological changes.Survival with technological changes.
•• Social status and images of TVETSocial status and images of TVET
learners'.learners'.
•• Access of studentsAccess of students

•• Relevance of curriculum.Relevance of curriculum.
•• Flexibility in curriculum.Flexibility in curriculum.
•• Quality education and training.Quality education and training.
•• Capability development forCapability development for
infrastructure building.infrastructure building.
•• Trained teachers'.Trained teachers'.
•• Quality and updated tools andQuality and updated tools and
equipment.equipment.
•• Adaptation with technological changes.Adaptation with technological changes.

Major programs undertaken for ReMajor programs undertaken for Re--
orienting TVET policyorienting TVET policy
•• Review and strengthen TVET policies, systemsReview and strengthen TVET policies, systems
and legislation at the central and decentralizedand legislation at the central and decentralized
levels.levels.
•• Enhance flexibility, quality and relevance ofEnhance flexibility, quality and relevance of
TVET.TVET.
•• Strengthen TVET institutions through improvedStrengthen TVET institutions through improved
knowledge and skills of managers and teachers.knowledge and skills of managers and teachers.
•• Develop National Technical and VocationalDevelop National Technical and Vocational
Qualification FrameworkQualification Framework

•• Improve skills development resulting inImprove skills development resulting in
enhanced productivity andenhanced productivity and
competitiveness in key growth andcompetitiveness in key growth and
exportexport--oriented industries in the formaloriented industries in the formal
industrial sector.industrial sector.
•• Increase access of underprivilegedIncrease access of underprivileged
groups to TVET.groups to TVET.
•• Establish partnerships with industry;Establish partnerships with industry;
Focus:Focus: RMG and textiles, Construction,RMG and textiles, Construction,
Light engineering, Leather, AgroLight engineering, Leather, Agro--food,food,
IT and Transport equipmentIT and Transport equipment ..

•• Develop competency and trainingDevelop competency and training
standards.standards.
•• Develop curricula, teacher guides, learningDevelop curricula, teacher guides, learning
materials and assessment tools.materials and assessment tools.
•• Develop capacity in external competencyDevelop capacity in external competency
assessment.assessment.
•• Upgrading Teacher training Institutions.Upgrading Teacher training Institutions.
•• Strengthen the capacity of DTE forStrengthen the capacity of DTE for
planning, research & development andplanning, research & development and
social marketing.social marketing.
•• Deliver skills training in poor communities.Deliver skills training in poor communities.

Sustainability of achievements:Sustainability of achievements:
•• Keep pace with new technologies is a mustKeep pace with new technologies is a must
•• Increased women participation in TVETIncreased women participation in TVET
•• Continue updating of Syllabuses as perContinue updating of Syllabuses as per
marketmarket
•• Industries linkage enhanced for practicalIndustries linkage enhanced for practical
skill.skill.
•• Increased Training facilities for teachers'Increased Training facilities for teachers'
and trainers.and trainers.
•• International Linkage and cooperation forInternational Linkage and cooperation for
sharing exchanging technical knowledgesharing exchanging technical knowledge

ConclusionConclusion
•• Societal roleSocietal role
•• Social CommitmentSocial Commitment
•• Social responsibilitySocial responsibility
•• Social adaptability to changeSocial adaptability to change

Thanks for patience hearingThanks for patience hearing

Any Question ?Any Question ?