1. New Zealand English
Made by Alla
Sidorenko, 11-B

2. New Zealand English (NZE, en-NZ) is the dialect of
the English language used in New Zealand.
The English language was established in New
Zealand by colonists during the 19th century. It is one of
"the newest native-speaker varieties of the English
language in existence, a variety which has developed
and become distinctive only in the last 150 years". The
most distinctive influences on New Zealand English have
come from Australian English, English in southern
England, Irish English, Scottish English and Māori. New
Zealand English is similar to Australian English in
pronunciation, with some key differences.

3. A distinct New Zealand variant of the English
language has been in existence since at least 1912,
when Frank Arthur Swinnerton described it as a "carefully
modulated murmur," though its history probably goes
back further than that.
From the beginning of the British settlement on the
islands, a new dialect began to form by adopting Māori
words to describe the different flora and fauna of New
Zealand, for which English did not have any words of its
own.

4. The vowels of New Zealand English are similar to
that of other non-rhotic dialects such as Australian
English, but with some distinct variations, which are
indicated by the transcriptions for New Zealand vowels in
the tables below:

5. There are a number of dialectal words and
phrases used in New Zealand English. These are mostly
informal terms that are more common in casual
speech.
New Zealand adopted decimal currency in the
1960s and the metric system in the 1970s. Despite this,
several imperial measures are still widely understood
and encountered, such as feet and inches for a
person's height, pounds and ounces for an infant's birth
weight, and in colloquial terms such as referring to
drinks in pints. The word "spud" for potato, now
common throughout the English-speaking world,
originated in New Zealand English.

6. Many local everyday words have been borrowed
from the Māori language, including words for
local flora, fauna, place names and the natural
environment.
The dominant influence of Māori on New Zealand
English is lexical. A 1999 estimate based on the
Wellington corpora of written and spoken New Zealand
English put the proportion of words of Māori origin at
approximately 0.6%, mostly place and personal names.
The everyday use of Maori words, usually
colloquial, occurs most prominently among youth,
young adults and Maori populations. Examples include
words like "kia ora" ("hello"), or "kai" ("food") which almost
all New Zealanders know.

7. Many local everyday words have been borrowed
from the Māori language, including words for
local flora, fauna, place names and the natural
environment.
The dominant influence of Māori on New Zealand
English is lexical. A 1999 estimate based on the
Wellington corpora of written and spoken New Zealand
English put the proportion of words of Māori origin at
approximately 0.6%, mostly place and personal names.
The everyday use of Maori words, usually
colloquial, occurs most prominently among youth,
young adults and Maori populations. Examples include
words like "kia ora" ("hello"), or "kai" ("food") which almost
all New Zealanders know.