a detailed presentation on linux to prove it is a better OS than other OS's like WINDOWS, MAC etc...

1. LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM

2. TEAM X.P
 AAHLAD
 SUSHRUTH
 GANESH
 VIJAY
 VINAY

3. What is an operating system ?
A: An Operating System is a computer program that manages
the resources of a computer. It accepts keyboard or mouse
inputs from users and displays the results of the actions and
allows the user to run applications, or communicate with other
computers via networked connections. Briefly, it can be
defined as the interface between the user and the
computer

4. There are many operating
systems in this world. Some
of them are as given below :
 Windows
 MAC OS
 Solaris
 Linux
 knoppix
 Fedora
 Android
 Power
 DOS and etc…….
Different operating systems
in the world

5.  What is Unix/Linux?
 History of Linux
 Features Supported Under Linux
 The future of Linux
 Advantages of Linux over other
operating systems

6.  Linux was originally developed as a free
operating system for Intel x86-based
personal computers. It has since
been ported to more computer hardware
platforms than any other operating
system. It is a leading operating system
on servers and other big iron systems
such as mainframe computers and
supercomputers.
 Today more than 90% of the world’s
fastest 500 supercomputers run some
variant of the linux, including the 10
fastest. Linux also runs on embedded
systems such as mobile phones tablet
computers, network routers, building
automation controls, televisions and video
game consoles. The android system which
is wide in use on mobile devices is built on
linux kernel………

7. • In 80’s, Microsoft’s DOS was the
dominated OS for PC
• Apple MAC was better, but
expensive
• UNIX was much better, but much,
much more expensive. Only for
minicomputer for commercial
applications
• People was looking for a UNIX
based system, which is cheaper and
can run on PC
• Both DOS, MAC and UNIX were
proprietary, i.e., the source code of
their kernel is protected
• No modification is possible without
paying high license fees

8.  The Unix operating system was conceived and
implemented in 1969 at AT&T's Bell Laboratories in
the United States by Ken Thompson, Dennis
Ritchie, Douglas McIlroy , and Joe Ossanna. It was
first released in 1971 and was initially entirely
written in assembly language, a common practice at
the time. Later, in a key pioneering approach in
1973, Unix was re-written in the programming
language C by Dennis Ritchie (with exceptions to the
kernel and I/O).
 The availability of an operating system written in a
high-level language allowed easier portability to
different computer platforms. With a legal glitch
forcing AT&T to license the operating system's
source code to anyone who asked, Unix quickly grew
and became widely adopted by academic institutions
and businesses. In 1984, AT&T divested itself of Bell
Labs. Free of the legal glitch requiring free licensing,
Bell Labs began selling Unix as a proprietary product
Ken thompson & dennis ritchie

9.  Linux has been used for many computing platforms like PC,
PDA, Supercomputer,…
 Not only character user interface but graphical user interface
is available
 Commercial vendors moved in Linux itself to provide freely
distributed code. They make their money by compiling up
various software and gathering them in a distributable format
 Red Hat, Slackware, etc

10. About linux os
Linux kernel
 Shell interprets the command and request service from kernel
 Similar to DOS but DOS has only one set of interface while Linux can select
different shell
 Bourne Again shell (Bash), TC shell (Tcsh), Z shell (Zsh)
 Different shell has similar but different functionality
 Bash is the default for Linux
 Graphical user interface of Linux is in fact an application program
work on the shell
Bash,Tcsh,Zsh

11. File management
Directory tree
When you log on the
Linux OS using your
username you are
automatically
located in your
home directory
( root)

12. The most important subdirectories inside the root directory are
 /bin : Important Linux commands available to the average user.
 /boot : The files necessary for the system to boot. Not all Linux
distributions use this one. Fedora does.
 /dev : All device drivers. Device drivers are the files that your Linux
system uses to talk to your hardware. For example, there's a file in
the /dev directory for your particular make and model of monitor,
and all of your Linux computer's communications with the monitor
go through that file.
 /etc : System configuration files.
 /home : Every user except root gets her own folder in here, named
for her login account. So, the user who logs in with linda has the
directory /home/linda, where all of her personal files are kept.
 /lib : System libraries. Libraries are just bunches of programming
code that the programs on your system use to get things done.

13. The most important subdirectories inside the root directory are
 /mnt : Mount points. When you temporarily load the contents of a CD-ROM
or USB drive, you typically use a special name under /mnt. For example, many
distributions (including Fedora) come, by default, with the directory
/mnt/cdrom, which is where your CD-ROM drive's contents are made
accessible.
 /root : The root user's home directory.
 /sbin : Essential commands that are only for the system administrator.
 /tmp : Temporary files and storage space. Don't put anything in here that you
want to keep. Most Linux distributions (including Fedora) are set up to delete
any file that's been in this directory longer than three days.
 /usr : Programs and data that can be shared across many systems and don't
need to be changed.
 /var : Data that changes constantly (log files that contain information about
what's happening on your system, data on its way to the printer, and so on).

14. Commands : -
/ - (root directory).
/root - home directory of user root.
pwd - you can see your home directory.
df - to check the disk space available.
cd - to change directory or to go to one.
.. - to move to parent directory.
ls - lists content of a directory.
cp - copy one file to another.
rm - to remove a file.
man - ask for manual of a command.
cat - to show context of a text file.
.
Important commands

15. PRO’s : -
 Runs on just about any hardware
 Linux actually has the broadest driver support of any system
 More options than any other system.
 If you want to change anything in Linux you can. The only
limiting factor is your desire to figure out how.
 Way more secure than Windows XP and even OSX.
 Full access to the free open source library of software. Great
full featured, compatible, and free replacements for your
proprietary software.
 Linux management, for example patch management, is
much easier. Typical one command or wizard has to be
invoked in order to update everything

16. Con’s : -
 The latest and greatest hardware is typically
slower to reach Linux.
 The shear number of options can be daunting to
a non-technical user.
 Limited support for proprietary applications.

18. LINUX WINDOWS
 Linux kernel is developed by
the community programmers
of AT&T BELL LABORATORIES
 Linux can be freely
distributed, downloaded
freely. There are priced
versions for Linux also, but
they are normally cheaper
than Windows.
 Linux can be installed on a
wide variety of computer
hardware, ranging from
mobile phones, tablet
computers and video game
consoles, to mainframes and
supercomputers.
 Microsoft corporation
created the Windows
operating system.
 For desktop or home
use, Windows can be
expensive. A single copy
can cost around $50 to $
450 depending on the
version of Windows.
 On PC's desktops,
laptops, servers and
some phones.

19. LINUX WINDOWS
 Supported file systems are
Ext2, Ext3, Ext4, Jfs, ReiserFS,
Xfs, Btrfs, FAT, FAT32, NTFS
 Linux has had about 60-100
viruses listed till date. None of
them actively spreading
nowadays.
 In case of Linux, threat
detection and solution is very
fast, as Linux is mainly
community driven and
whenever any Linux user posts
any kind of threat, several
developers start working on it
from different parts of the
world
 Supported file systems are
FAT, FAT32, NTFS, exFAT
 According to Dr. Nic Peeling
and Dr Julian Satchell's
“Analysis of the Impact
of Open Source Software”
there have been more than
60,000 viruses in Windows
 After detecting a major threat
in Windows OS, Microsoft
generally releases a patch that
can fix the problem and it can
take more than 2/3 months.
Sometimes sooner, Microsoft
releases patches and updates
weekly.

20. Mac os vs linux

21. LINUX MAC OS
 Linux kernel is developed by
the community programmers of
AT&T BELL LABORATORIES
 Linux can be freely distributed,
downloaded freely. There are
priced versions for Linux also,
but they are very cheaper than
MAC’s
 Linux can be installed on a
wide variety of computer
hardware, ranging from mobile
phones, tablet
computers and video game
consoles, to mainframes and
supercomputers
 Mac os is developed and
distributed by Apple, Inc.
 Not available for free, except
in their own manufactured
PC’s.Computers start at $599
for the Mac Mini, and $999
for the Macbook Air.For
desktop or home use Macs are
more expensive than a PC.
 Cannot be installed on any
hardware.MAC os is only
available on the platforms
released by the APPLE INC.

22. Linux MAC os
 Supported file systems are
Ext2, Ext3, Ext4, Jfs,
ReiserFS, Xfs, Btrfs, FAT,
FAT32, NTFS
 Linux has had about 60-
100 viruses listed till date.
None of them actively
spreading nowadays
 In case of Linux, threat
detection and solution is
very fast, as Linux is mainly
community driven and
whenever any Linux user
posts any kind of threat,
several developers start
working on it from different
parts of the world
 Supported file systems are
HFS+, NTFS,FAT32,
Ext2,exFAT.
 31 viruses have been
detected to affect Mac OS.
Roughly half of these cause
little to no damage.virus
attacks in MAC are very rare.
 Threats in MAC’s are very
rare as every programme
used in the system must and
should be the one one
verified by APPLE Inc. and
the corporation makes sure
each and every programme
is 100% safe for the user

23. SIDE - BY - SIDE COMPARISION OF APPLE ,
WINDOWS , LINUX OPERATING SYSTEMS

24. why use linux than other operating systems..?
The best feature of Linux operating systems is its low susceptibility to virus and malware
infestation. If you have been a Windows user for a long time, you would know how
problematic Windows is when it comes to viruses. With Linux, you are spared from all
the hassle of having to constantly update your anti-virus software or scan your
computer every so often. Linux is almost always a free operating system with multiple
sources distribution. In contrast, Windows and Mac OS X are some of the most expensive
operating systems available. If you want to cut on costs, you can definitely benefit from
choosing Linux for your everyday needs.
Linux is an open source platforms with plenty of developers working on applications,
functions, features and add-ons that are guaranteed to improve your user experience.
Contrary to popular belief, many Linux functions rival those of Windows and Mac OS. All
that you need to do is try it out for a couple of weeks to personally see for yourself how
Linux is so much better than many perceive it to be. One of the most important reasons
why computer-savvy individuals consider Linux as the best operating system is because
it is far more customizable than its popular counterparts. With Windows and Mac, there
are plenty of restrictions that limit what you can do to the OS. This is not easily
noticeable to the average computer user but if you are planning to do plenty of
customizations, Linux is undoubtedly the best operating system for this purpose.

25. If you do not want to ditch your Windows applications but would want to give Linux a try,
there are many compatibility programs that allow Linux to run Windows programs like
Word, Excel, and PowerPoint. You can run programs like Wine to load Microsoft Office
programs and still enjoy the many benefits of Linux as the underlying operating system
Low resource requirements. Ever notice how Windows hangs up after a few years of
use? As your computer gets older, it demands more resources such as RAM eventually
slowing down your system. With Linux’s low-resource approach, you are less likely to
encounter slower load times. These reasons highlight the versatility and strength of Linux
operating systems and easily explain why it is the best operating system on the market.

26. THE END