This document provides definitions for open source, creative commons, free culture, open knowledge, open innovation, resources, and maker culture. It encourages the group to apply these concepts to create shared meaning and guidelines for future collaborations. Participants are asked what these terms mean to them personally to develop a shared understanding of open cultures. The goal is for the group to map out their own interpretation of these concepts and resources.

1. OPEN CULTURES -
A GLOSSARY FOR
MMJUBA
Ela Kagel, Free Culture Incubator & SUPERMARKT, Berlin
*
ela@supermarkt-berlin.net

2. OPEN CULTURES -
AND ITS TERMS
Free Culture
*
Open
Source
Creative
Resource
Commons
Open
Open Knowledge
Innovation Maker Culture
Sustainability

3. THIS IS ALL ABOUT
SENSEMAKING*
Applying these concepts to this group, creating sense
and meaning ot ouf it, applying this meaning to our
actions and goals – thus establishing a guideline and
framework for shared endeavours in the future.

4. THE BIG QUESTION:
What do these terms mean to
YOU?

5. OPEN SOURCE *
* MEANING: In production and development, open source is a
philosophy, or pragmatic methodology that promotes free redistribution
and access to an end product's design and implementation details.
Before the phrase open source became widely adopted, developers and
producers used a variety of terms for the concept; open source gained
hold with the rise of the Internet, and the attendant need for massive
retooling of the computing source code. Opening the source code
enabled a self-enhancing diversity of production models,
communication paths, and interactive communities.

6. CREATIVE COMMONS*
* MEANING: Creative Commons (CC) is a non-profit organization
headquartered in Mountain View, California, United States devoted to
expanding the range of creative works available for others to build upon
legally and to share. The organization has released several copyright-
licenses known as Creative Commons licenses free of charge to the
public. These licenses allow creators to communicate which rights they
reserve, and which rights they waive for the benefit of recipients or
other creators. Creative Commons licenses do not replace copyright,
but are based upon it. (…) The result is an agile, low overhead and cost
copyright management regime, profiting both copyright owners and
licensees.

7. FREE CULTURE*
* MEANING: The free culture movement is a social movement that
promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative works in the
form of free content by using the Internet and other forms of media.
The movement objects to overly-restrictive copyright laws. Many
members of the movement argue that such laws hinder creativity.
The free culture movement, with its ethos of free exchange of ideas, is
of a whole with the free software movement.
Today, the term stands for many other movements, including hacker
computing, the access to knowledge movement and the copyleft
movement. The term “free culture” was originally the title of a 2004 book
by Lawrence Lessig, a founding father of the free culture movement.
Contents

8. OPEN KNOWLEDGE *
* MEANING: Open Knowledge is a set of principles and
methodologies related to the production and distribution of
knowledge works in an open manner. Knowledge is interpreted
broadly to include data, content and general information. The Open
Knowledge Definition is that knowledge is open if "one is free to use,
reuse, and redistribute it without legal, social or technological
restriction."
The concept is related to open source and the Open Knowledge
Definition is directly derived from the Open Source Definition. Open
Knowledge can be seen as being a superset of open data, open
content and libre open access with the aim of highlighting the
commonalities between these different groups.

9. OPEN INNOVATION*
* MEANING:Open innovation is a paradigm that assumes that firms
can and should use external ideas as well as internal ideas, and
internal and external paths to market, as the firms look to advance
their “technology” or "Innovating with partners by sharing risk and
sharing reward.".The boundaries between a firm and its environment
have become more permeable; innovations can easily transfer inward
and outward. The central idea behind open innovation is that in a
world of widely distributed knowledge, companies cannot afford to
rely entirely on their own research, but should instead buy or license
processes or inventions (i.e. patents) from other companies. In
addition, internal inventions not being used in a firm's business
should be taken outside the company (e.g. through licensing, joint
ventures or spin-offs).

10. RESOURCE*
* MEANING: A resource is a source or supply from which benefit is
produced. Typically resources are materials or other assets that are
transformed to produce benefit and in the process may be consumed
or made unavailable. From a human perspective a natural resource is
anything obtained from the environment to satisfy human needs and
wants. The concept of resources has been applied in diverse realms,
including with respect to economics, biology, computer science, land
management, and human resources, and is linked to the concepts of
competition, sustainability, conservation, and stewardship. In
application within human society, commercial or non-commercial
factors require resource allocation through resource management.
Resources have three main characteristics: utility, limited availability,
and potential for depletion or consumption.

11. MAKER CULTURE*
* MEANING: The maker subculture is a contemporary subculture,
representing a technology-based extension of DIY culture. Typical
interests enjoyed by the maker subculture include engineering-
oriented pursuits such as electronics, robotics, 3-D printing, and the
use of CNC tools, as well as more traditional activities such as
metalworking, woodworking, and traditional arts and crafts. The
subculture stresses new and unique applications of technologies,
and encourages invention and prototyping. There is a strong focus
on using and learning practical skills and applying them creatively.

12. THE GOAL:
Let‘s create our own map of
meaning and resources as a result
of this gathering

13. CREDITS:
All Definitions are taken from
Wikipedia, where they can be
found as long versions with
links etc.