2. 2
Bones, cartilage and ligaments are tightly
joined to form a strong, flexible framework
called skeletal system.
SKELETAL SYSTEM
3. 3
Movement: Skeletal system provides points of
attachment for muscles. Your legs and arms move when
the muscles pull on the bones.
Support: The backbone is the main support center for
the upper body. It holds your head up and protects your
spinal cord.
Functions of the skeletal system
4. 4
Protection: The bones of skull protect your brain. Ribs
protect your lungs and heart from injury
Makes Blood: Red and white blood cells are formed by
tissue called marrow, which is in the center of the bone.
Storage: Bones store minerals, such as calcium and
phosphorus.
5. 5
Types of bones
Bones can be categorized
according to their general shape:
long bone
short bone
flat bone
irregular bone
7. 7
1. Provide a framework of the body
2. Give attachment to muscles and tendons
3. Permit movement of the body as a whole and of parts
of the body, by forming joints that are moved by
muscles.
4. Form the boundaries of the cranial, thoracic and pelvic
cavities protecting the organs they contain
5. Contains red bone marrow in which blood cells
develop.
6. Provide a reservoir of calcium.
Functions of bones
8. 8
The bones of skeleton are divided into
two groups
Axial skeleton- skull, spinal column
Appendicular skeleton – limbs and girdle
14. 14
Fractures can also be classified
according to the direction of the
fracture line as
• Linear: parallel to the long axis.
• Transverse : at right angles to
the long axis.
• Oblique at an angle other than
a right angle to the long axis.
15. 15
An incomplete fracture that occurs on
the convex side of the curve of a
bone is called a green stick fracture.
16. Compression Fracture
• Bone is crushed
• Common in porous bones
• Especially common in
vertebrae of osteoporosis
patients
21. 21
• Bone fractures are treated by reduction and
immobilization
• Realignment of the bone
22. Joints
• Any point where bones
meet
• Also called articulations
• Every bone (except hyoid)
articulates with at least 1
other bone
23. Classifications of Joints
• Can be classified by
mobility, or by the type
of tissue which
connects the bones
24. Joint classification by Mobility
• Can be one of three types.
– 1) Synarthroses – immovable
joint
– 2)amphiarthroses- slightly
moveable joint
– 3)diarthroses- freely
movable
25. Classification by connective tissue type
• Joints are connected by
either fibrous, cartilage,
or synovial connective
tissue.
• Fibrous is usually
synarthroses,
• Synovial – diarthroses
26. Fibrous Joints
• Fibrous tissue
• Example= sutures of the
skull
• Tight fibrous tissue allows
for essentially no
movement
28. Synovial Joints
• Bones separated by synovial
cavity
• Empty pocket serves to reduce
friction between moving bones
• Usually located in extremities,
where movement is necessary