CSS

www.SunilOS.com 1
www.sunilos.com
www.raystec.com
CSS

Cascading Style Sheets
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.
CSS defines the look and feel of HTML
elements.
Styles were added to HTML 4.0.
External Style Sheets are stored in .css files.
It is a way to define themes of your HTML
Web Site.
2www.SunilOS.com 2

Apply Style
<p>This is a paragraph without style</p>
You can apply a CSS style to a HTML tag by
using “style” attribute. For example:
o <p style=“color : red;font-size:20px”>
 This is a paragraph with style
o </p>
3www.SunilOS.com 3

CSS Classes
Reusable styles are defined as classes in <style>
tag.
Defined classes can be applied to any HTML tag.
Usually classes are stored in a .css file that is
imported to HTML pages.
If you change property of class, it will change the
look and feel of its applied tags.
A class name is always prefixed by dot (.)
character.
4www.SunilOS.com 4

Simple error CSS Class
 Lets define a class named “error” that has font color red and font size
20. It is applied to a paragraph tag.
 <head>
o <style>
 .error{
• color : red;
• font-size : 20px;
 }
o </style>
 </head>
 <body>
o <p class=“error”>This is an error message</p>
 </body>

5www.SunilOS.com 5

More CSS classes
 .st-title {
 font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;
 font-size: 28px;
 font-weight: 600;
 color: #333333;
 }
 .st-subtitle {
 font-weight: 600;
 }
 .st-error-header {
 color: red;
 }
 CSS classes are defined to create a theme for your application.
6www.SunilOS.com 6

Change HTML tag default style
 You may change look and feel of a predefined HTML tag by
overriding its CSS style.
 <style>
o H1{
 color : red;
 font-size : 20px;
o }
 </style>
 …
 <H1>See here if your changes are applied</H1>
 <H1>See here if your changed are applied</H1>
7
www.SunilOS.com
7

Declaration of CSS
 CSS declaration consists of property & value pair.
 Properties are separated from their values by using colon
(:) character.
 Pairs are separated from each other by using semicolon (;).
o color : red;
o font-size : 20px;
 Pairs are enclosed by { } curly braces for a class.
o .st-error-header{
o color: red;
o font-size: 16px;
o }
8www.SunilOS.com 8

Selectors
Selectors are used to apply style to a
particular markup.
Selectors are normally the HTML element.
Selector never starts with a number.
Selector never contains space.
There are three types of Selectors:
o Tag Selector
o ID Selector
o Class Selector
9www.SunilOS.com 9

Selectors ( Cont.)
 Tag Selector
o p – paragraph
o h – heading
o a – hyperlink
 ID Selector
o #param
o #wrapper
 Class Selector
o .menu
o .title
o .subtitle
10www.SunilOS.com 10

1. Tag Selector
 Tag selector is used to redefine existing HTML tags.
 Selector is used when you want to change the formatting of
existing tags.
 Frequent redefined tags are H1, UL, P, A, etc.
 For example:
o H1{
 color: red;
 font-size: 20px;
o }
o th {
o text-align: center;
o }

2. ID Selector
 ID selector is used to specify a single, unique element.
 ID selector uses the id attribute of the HTML element .
 ID selector defines with “#”.
 Do not start an ID name with a number.
 <style>
 #param{
 test-align : center;
 font-size : 20px;
 }
 </style>
 <div id=“param”>……………</div>

3. Class Selector
 Class selector is used to specify a style for group of elements.
 Set a particular style for many HTML elements with the same class.
 Class selector defines with ”.”
 <style>
 .title{
 color : red ;
 font-size : 30px;
 }
 </style>
 <p class=“title”>……………</p>

Style Sheets
There are three ways to insert a style sheet
o Inline Style
o Internal Style Sheet
o External Style Sheet

Inline Style
CSS is applied in every HTML tag by Inline style.
For using Inline style, style attribute is used in
relevant tag.
Style attribute can contain any CSS property.
For example:
<p style="background: blue; color: white;">
o A new background and font color with inline CSS
</p>

Internal Style Sheet
Internal is the basic & easy way to insert
style in HTML.
In Internal style, <style></style> tag is added
in the <head></head> tag of HTML
document.
Internal Style Sheet should be used when a
single document has a unique style.

External Style Sheet
 External CSS is a file that contains only CSS code and is
saved with a ".css" file extension.
 This CSS file is then referenced in HTML using the <link>
tag instead of <style> tag.
 External style sheet is applied to many pages.
 External style sheet can change the entire look of website
by changing only one file.
 External style sheet keeps the design & content separate.
 We can reuse the CSS code.
17* www.SunilOS.com 17

External Style Sheet
<html>
o <head>
 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href=“sunrays.css" />
o </head>
<body>
o <h3> A White Header </h3>
o <p> See here the changes from external CSS file.</p>
</body>
</html>
* 18www.SunilOS.com 18

CSS3
 CSS3 is the latest standard of CSS.
 It contains the Old CSS Specification.
 It splits into Modules
o Selectors
o Box Model
o Background & Border
o Image Values & Replaced Content
o Text Effects
o 2D/3D Transformation
o Animations
o Multiple Column Layout
o User Interface

CSS3 Fonts
 CSS3 Fonts is advanced feature of CSS3.
 It is used to improve the web designing.
 We can create different type of font styles.

 .font4
 {
 font-family: 'Rochester', cursive;
 color: blue;
 line-height: 1.3em;
 }
 Output :

CSS3 Text Effects
 CSS3 text effect is used to extend the text feature for
viewing & layout purpose.
 Main properties of CSS3 are :
o Text-Shadow
o Word-Wrap
 Test Shadow is used to create the shadow around the text.
 We can also change the color of shadow.
 Word-Wrap is used to break the continued text in another
line.

CSS3 Text Effects
 <style>
 #text_shadow{
 text-shadow: 20px 20px 10px #009933;
 }
 #word_wrap{
 word-wrap:break-word;
 width:150px;
 border:1px solid #ff0000;
 }
 </style>
 <body>
 <div id="text_shadow"><h1>Text Shadow</h1></div>
 <div id="word_wrap">you can break the line
hereeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee.</div>
 </body>
22* www.SunilOS.com 22

Background Model
 CSS3 allows you to add multiple background images.
 We use background image property for adding background
images.
 Background images are separated by commas( , ).
 #mycss{
• background-image : url(abc.gif), url(xyz.gif);
• background-position : right bottom, left top;
• background-repeat : no-repeat , repeat;
• }
 <body>
 <div id=“mycss”>……………</div>
 </body>

Background size
CSS3 allows you to re-use the background images
in different context.
We use background-size property for specify the
size of the background images.
Size can be specified in lengths, percentages or by
using two keywords :
o Contain : scales background image as large as possible.
o Cover : scales the background image so that the content
area is completely covered.

Border Images
CSS3 allows to add border image instead of
normal border.
We can add border image by using border-
image property.
The border-image property has three parts:
o Use as a border.
o Slice the image.
o Middle sections should be repeated or stretched.

CSS3 Colors
CSS supports color names, hexadecimal
and RGB colors.
In addition, CSS3 also introduces:
RGBA colors
HSL colors
HSLA colors
Opacity

CSS3 Text shadow
Text-shadow property applies shadow to
text.
You can specify the horizontal shadow and
the vertical shadow.
 h1 {
text-shadow: 2px 2px;
}

Multiple Shadows
To add more than one shadow to the text, you can
add a comma-separated(,) list of shadows.
 h1 {
text-shadow: 0 0 3px #FF0000,005px #0000FF;
}

CSS3 Transforms
CSS3 transforms allow you to translate,
rotate, scale, and skew elements.
It supports
o 2D Transformations
o 3D Transformations

2D Transformation
2D transformation has following methods.
o translate()
o rotate()
o scale()
o skewX()
o skewY()
o matrix()

translate() Method
 translate() method moves an element from its current position according
to the parameters given for the X-axis and the Y-axis.
 div {
 width: 300px;
 height: 100px;
 background-color: yellow;
 border: 1px solid black;
 transform: translate(50px,100px);
 }
www.SunilOS.com 31

rotate() Method
 The rotate() method rotates an element clockwise or counter-clockwise
according to a given degree.
 div{
 width: 300px;
 height: 100px;
 }
 #myCss{
 transform: rotate(20deg); /* Standard syntax */
 }
www.SunilOS.com 32

scale() Method
 scale() method increases or decreases the size of an element
according to the parameters given for the width and height.
 <style>
 div {
 margin: 150px;
 width: 200px;
 height: 100px;
 transform: scale(25,30);
 }
 </style>
www.SunilOS.com 33

skewX() Method
 The skewX() method skews an element along the X-axis by the given
angle
 <style>
 div {
 width: 300px;
 height: 100px;
 }
 #myDiv {
 transform: skewX(20deg);
 }
 </style>
www.SunilOS.com 34

skewY() method
 skewY() method skews an element along the Y-axis by the given
angle.
 <style>
 div {
 width: 300px;
 height: 100px;
 }
 #myCss{
 transform: skewY(20deg);
 }
 </style>
www.SunilOS.com 35

skew() method
 skew() method skews an element along the X and Y-axis by the given
angles.
 <style>
 div {
 width: 300px;
 height: 100px;
 }
 #myCss{
 transform: skew(20deg,10deg);
 }
 </style>
www.SunilOS.com 36

3D Transformation
Used to change the actual form of element.
By this we can change shape, sixe &
position of an element.
3D tansformation is used for the following
methods.
o rotateX() : rotate object towards X-axis.
o rotateY() : rotate object towards Y-axis.
www.SunilOS.com 37

Disclaimer
This is an educational presentation to enhance the
skill of computer science students.
This presentation is available for free to computer
science students.
Some internet images from different URLs are
used in this presentation to simplify technical
examples and correlate examples with the real
world.
We are grateful to owners of these URLs and
pictures.
www.SunilOS.com 38

Thank You!
www.SunilOS.com 39
www.SunilOS.com

CSS

Recomendados

Recomendados

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

Mais procurados (20)

Destaque

Destaque (13)

Semelhante a CSS

Semelhante a CSS (20)

Mais de Sunil OS

Mais de Sunil OS (20)

Último

Último (20)

CSS