The document discusses several topics related to environmental science and engineering, including the effects of overutilizing water resources, floods and droughts, and conflicts over water. It describes how overusing water can lead to problems like decreasing groundwater levels, land subsidence, saltwater intrusion, and more. Floods occur when water bodies exceed their carrying capacity, and can erode land and spread water widely. Drought is caused by low rainfall and overextracting groundwater, resulting in issues like hunger, desertification, and migration. Conflicts over water arise from unequal distribution, dam construction that affects different states, and pollution from various industrial uses.

1. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING

2. TOPICS
• EFFECTS OF OVER UTILIZATION OF WATER
• FLOODS & DROUGHT
• CONFLICT OVER WATER
By
kvk

3. EFFECTS OF OVER UTILIZATION OF
WATER
• Decrease of Ground Water
• Ground Subsidence
• Lowering of Water table
• Intrusion of Salt water
• Earth quake & Landslides
• Drying up of wells
• Pollution of water

4. Decrease of ground water

5. Ground Subsidence

6. Lowering of water table

7. Intrusion of salt water

8. Earth quake landslides

9. Drying up of wells

10. Pollution of water

11. FLOODS
• It is an overflow of water
• Happens when the water exceeds the carrying
limit of dams,lakes,ponds,,etc

12. Causes of floods
• Heavy rainfall,melting of snow, sudden release
of water from dams.
• Deforestation,overgrazing,mining increases
the runoff from rains and hence the level of
floods raises.

13. FLOODS
EFFECTS
• Water spread in
surrounding areas.
• Plain surface became
eroded and silted
with mud.
• Extinction of
civilization
MANAGEMENT
• Constructing dams
and reservoirs.
• Channel
management,
embankments also
control the floods
• Fore casting, flood
warning

14. DROUGHT
• Scarcity of water
• Occurs due to inadequate rainfall
• Failure of monsoons
• Excessive withdrawal of ground water

15. Causes of drought
• Annul rainfall in minimum , less than the
evaporation
• High population
• Intensive cropping pattern and over
exploitation of scarce water resources through
dug well or bore well.

16. drought
EFFECTS
• Hunger , malnutrition ,
scarcity of drinking
water.
• Desertification.
• Degradation of natural
resource
• Large migration of
people and
urbanization
MANAGEMENT
• Rain water harvesting.
• Improve ground level
water
• Modern irrigation
technology

17. CONFLICT OVER WATER
Conflicts through use
• Unequal distribution of
water has often led to
inter state or
international disputes
Constructions of dams
• Hydroelectric power
generation, dams are
built across the rivers,
which initiates conflict
between the states

18. Conflicts through pollution
• Production of
electricity and
shipping , rivers and
lakes are also used
for industrial
purpose.

19. Management of conflicts over water
• Efforts are mainly concentrated to enact laws to
check these practices to control water pollution.
• Demand of nationalisation of water needs
serious consideration

21. Thank you
• By
– kvk