Invited speaker at the University of Sussex #SussexTEL seminar series

1. Shareology and Social Media in
Academia
Sue Beckingham | @suebecks
Invited Speaker University of Sussex
Technology Enhanced Learning
Seminar Series

2. "A good educational system should have
three purposes:
1. it should provide all who want
to learn with access to available
resources at any time in their
lives;
2. empower all who want to
share what they know to find
those who want to learn it from
them;
3. furnish all who want to
present an issue to the public
with the opportunity to make
their challenge known."
Ivan Illich, Deschooling Society 1995

3. SHARING
Great things in business are never
done by one person. They’re done
by a team of people.
Steve Jobs
Why should it be any different for
educators?

4. In the traditional education system, students typically
learned on their own and were judged individually.
But as technology progresses and once separate
economies become interdependent, working with
others is becoming increasingly important.
Today, innovation rarely results from individuals
working in isolation; far more often than not, it is the
product of sharing and collaboration. Schools need
to incorporate this new reality into their curriculums,
preparing their students to work across cultures and
equipping them for a world shaped by issues that
transcend national boundaries.
Andreas Schleicher (World Economic Forum) 2015

5. "In the past, education was about imparting knowledge.
Today, it is about providing students with the tools to
navigate an increasingly uncertain, volatile world.
Unfortunately, the skills that are easiest to teach and test
are also the easiest to automate or outsource. State-of-the-
art knowledge remains important.
But the global economy no longer rewards workers for what
they know (Google knows everything); it rewards them for
what they can do with what they know."
Andreas Schleicher 2015

6. We share information
we hear, see and read

7. Information needs
• Philosophical perspective:
information in science and technology
• Political perspective:
information in modern society and a global world
• Economic perspective:
information as a commodity on the market
• Societal perspective:
information as the glue between communities
• Psychological perspective:
information as a basis for knowing and acting
• Ecological perspective:
information as a prerequisite for living creatures
Philosophical
Political
Economic
Societal
Psychological
Ecological
Adapted from Vosen 2012

8. Merriam-Webster, n.d.

9. Can social media
"empower all who want to
share what they know to find
those who want to learn it from
them" (Illich 1995)
AND
"empower all who want to
learn, to find those who know
and want to share"

10. What do we share?

11. On a post-it
WHAT do
you share via
social media?

12. Dictionary.com Unabridged, n.d..

13. What do we share online?

14. Smart Insights 2016

15. My personal social media sharing began by joining
Facebook as a means to exchange family photos

17. What do we share online and why?
• 31% of content is personal photos
 a third are of animals
• Over half share content with all
followers

18. What do we share online and why?
• Facebook
• Twitter
• Email
• WhatsApp
Most share content to make others
feel happy, some admit to drawing
attention to themselves, and others to
spark a debate

19. Ipsos 2013 http://www.ipsos-na.com/news-polls/pressrelease.aspx?id=6239 An international sample of 18,150 adults
Global “Sharers” on Social Media sites seek to share
Interesting (61%), Important (43%) and Funny (43%) things

20. An ongoing evolution of sharing
sharing [living] space
a car sharing service
a bike sharing service
connects gardenless would-be growers with
unused spare land
for swapping almost anything

21. Where do we share?

22. Leading social networks worldwide as
of April 2016, ranked by number of
active users (in millions)
Statista 2016
LinkedIn has 414million users
however only 100 million are active...

24. It took Facebook just 3.5 years to
reach 50,000,000 users
It took Angry Birds
35 days...

27. Why do we share?

28. Motivations for Sharing
The Psychology of Sharing Study, Brett 2011
Information management
To bring valuable and entertaining content to others
To define ourselves to others
To grow and nourish our relationships
Self-fulfilment
73% said that they process information more deeply, thoroughly and thoughtfully when they share it.
85% said reading other people's responses helps them understand and process information and events
78% share information online because it lets them stay connected to people they may not otherwise stay
in touch with and 73% because it helps them connect with others who share their own interests.
94% carefully consider how the information they share will be useful to others
68% share to give people a better sense of who they are and what they care about
69% share information because it allows them to feel more involved in the world

29. Altruists
helpful,
reliable,
thoughtful
and
connected
share via
email
Careerists
valuable,
intelligent,
building
their
network
share
through
LinkedIn
Hipsters
cutting
edge,
creative,
building
identity,
young and
popular
less likely
to use
email
Boomerangs
reactive,
seeking
validation,
sharing
empowered
likely to
share of
Facebook
ad Twitter
Connectors
creative,
relaxed,
thoughtful
planners
likely to
share via
email or
Facebook
Selective
resourceful,
careful,
thoughtful,
informative
Likely to
share via
email
The Psychology of Sharing: Why do People Share Online? Brett, New York Times 2011
Why do People Share Online?

30. From broadcasters to sharecasters
receiving
combining
redistributing
mashing
up
creating
and
recreating
Brett, 2011

32. SHARING best practices,
reflections and documentation of
learning is the essential fabric of
education and the building block of
networking, growing and moving
forward.
Silvia Tolisano @langwitches 2014
Why we should share

33. Adapted from Charles Hardy 2015
Identity who you are
Networks who you know AND who knows you
Knowledge what you know
Developing and
optimising your
professional
identity
shares

34. Using social
media can help
you develop
NEW
connections
beyond your
immediate
networks

35. Socialnomics = World of Mouth
Difference between Word of Mouth and World of Mouth
(Qualman 2011:2)

36. Guardian 2015
What motivates
Guardian readers to share

37. Guardian 2015
Does sharing equal engagement?

38. Sharing is a choice

39. The importance of sharing
"We share for many reasons -
some self serving and some not.
Our need to share is based on the
human instinct not only to
survive but to thrive."
Kramer 2015

40. Sharing is
enhanced by
visibility in social spaces
1
an informative profile
2
social connectedness
3
mutual interests
4
active listening
5
interactive dialogue
6
dash of serendipity
7

41. Sharing is
enhanced by
visibility in social spaces
1
an informative profile
2
social connectedness
3
mutual interests
4
active listening
5
interactive dialogue
6
dash of serendipity
7

42. Sharing is
enhanced by
visibility in social spaces
1
an informative profile
2
social connectedness
3
mutual interests
4
active listening
5
interactive dialogue
6
dash of serendipity
7

43. Sharing is
enhanced by
visibility in social spaces
1
an informative profile
2
social connectedness
3
mutual interests
4
active listening
5
interactive dialogue
6
dash of serendipity
7

44. Sharing is
enhanced by
visibility in social spaces
1
an informative profile
2
social connectedness
3
mutual interests
4
active listening
5
interactive dialogue
6
dash of serendipity
7

45. Sharing is
enhanced by
visibility in social spaces
1
an informative profile
2
social connectedness
3
mutual interests
4
active listening
5
interactive dialogue
6
dash of serendipity
7

46. Sharing is
enhanced by
visibility in social spaces
1
an informative profile
2
social connectedness
3
mutual interests
4
active listening
5
interactive dialogue
6
dash of serendipity
7

47. Michael de Groot 2015
http://www.stayingaliveuk.com/blog/2015/10/are-you-interested-in-trust

48. There are three main kinds of communication
spoken
1
gestural
2
graphic
3
verbal, non-verbal and visual
Genevieve von Petzinger 2015

49. Share a smile
and introduce
yourself to
someone you
don't already
know

50. There are hundreds of languages in
the world, but a smile speaks them all.
Anonymous

51. Thousands of candles can
be lit from a single candle,
and the life of the candle will
not be shortened.
Happiness never decreases
by being shared.
Gautama Buddha (attributed)

52. University of California at Berkeley psychologists
Dacher Keltner and Lee Ann Harker identified
six basic types of smiles to express feelings
http://mcgannfacialdesign.com/the-power-of-smile

53. Duchenne, Guillaume (1990). The Mechanism of Human Facial Expression. New York: Cambridge University
Press. Translated by R. Andrew . Originally published as Mecanisme de la Physionomie Humaine in 1862.
A Duchenne smile engages the
muscles around the mouth and eyes

54. Graphic communication, on the other hand, decouples
that relationship. And with its invention, it became
possible for the first time for a message to be
transmitted and preserved beyond a single moment in
place and time.
Three main kinds of communication
spoken
1
gestural
2
graphic
3
Spoken and gestural are by their
very nature ephemeral. It requires
close contact for a message to be
sent and received. And after the
moment of transmission, it's gone
forever.
Genevieve von Petzinger 2015

55. Barring a handful of outliers, there are only 32
geometric signs across a 30,000-year time span
and the entire continent of Europe.
(von Petzinger 2015)

56. Spot the icons that are used in
social media today

57. Emoticons published in the
March 30, 1881 issue of Puck

58. Harvey Ross Ball (1921-2001)

59. Visually communicating emotions

60. How can we
replicate non verbal
body language
online?

61. colon, dash, right bracket
a 'text smile'

62. Kramer (2016) writes
about the importance of
developing social body
language.
This is how you interact
online without the context
of your offline behaviour.

63. Building digital
social body language
This can be enhanced by using visual
components to give context e.g. photos,
videos, animations, sketches, emoticons

64. However....
Miller, H.,Thebault-Spieker, J., Chang, S., Johnson, I., Terveen, L., & Hecht, B.
“Blissfully happy” or “ready to fight”: Varying Interpretations of Emoji.

65. The study looked at 22 of the most popular anthropomorphic emoji (those that
represent faces or people) and 5 most popular mobile platforms.
Variations occurred across platforms and also in different versions of the same but
different operating systems e.g. emoji in Android 4.4 are different to those in 6.1.
“Blissfully happy” or “ready to fight”:
Varying Interpretations of Emoji
"People have
interpreted the emoji
meaning something
different than I intended
and gotten upset."
"I downloaded the new
iOS platform and I sent
some nice faces, and
they came to me wife's
phone as aliens
."
"When I use an emoji
on an android and my
iPhone friend says that
it was a sad face
instead of a crying
excited face."
(Miller et al 2015)

66. “Emoji have become an ever-
evolving cryptographic
language that changes
depending on who we are
talking to, and when.”
Wortham 2013

67. https://bold.pixelapse.com/minming/share-the-icon-no-one-agrees-on
Sharing icons are also inconsistent

69. give give give give
give give give give
give give give give
give give give give
get
Kramer 2013
https://youtu.be/J4HWJZZJDMA

70. Social is a behaviour, not a channel
Most people visit social networking sites to connect with others: to
stay in touch with friends and family; to share things with
colleagues and peers; and even to meet strangers with similar
interests and needs.
There are times when technology plays an important part in
facilitating these connections; the filters on Instagram, or the
sharing features common to most social networks, are important
parts of the social networking experience.
However, for most people, social media are just means to an end,
with that ‘end’ being social interaction.
Simon Kemp 2014:21

71. Sharing through
working and learning
'out loud'

72. “Working Out Loud starts with making your
work visible in such a way that it might help
others. When you do that – when you work
in a more open, connected way – you can
build a purposeful network that makes you
more effective and provides access to
more opportunities.”
John Stepper

73. 5 Elements of Working Out Loud
Making your work
visible1
Making work better 2
Leading with
generosity3
Building a social
network. 4
Making it all purposeful5
Stepper 2014

74. Benefits of Working Out Loud
Internal: enterprise social
network
• peer-to-peer recognition
• improved internal
communications
• better working
relationships
• humanised work
• higher productivity
• increased innovation and
collaboration
External: professional social
networks
• build professional
network
• opens virtual doors
• crowd source information
• breaks down
geographical barriers

75. An (emerging) organising principle for
an era of interconnected knowledge,
trust and credibility.
The working definition of Wirearchy is
“a dynamic two-way flow of power and
authority, based on knowledge, trust,
credibility and a focus on results, enabled
by interconnected people and technology”.
Interconnected information flows
"Wirearchy is about the power and
effectiveness of people working together
through connection and collaboration …
taking responsibility individually and
collectively rather than relying on traditional
hierarchical status."
Jon Husband 2014

77. We have been here before.....
There have been
eight epochal transformations of
communication that in their way were
no less profound and transformative
than what we are experiencing now:
from cave drawings to oral language,
the written word to the printing press,
the telegraph to the radio, broadcast
television to cable, and now the
Internet
Kovach and Rosensteil 2011

78. 8 key steps to building a sharing PLN
1. explore
2. search
3. follow
4. tune 8. respond
7. inquire
6. engage
5. feed
Rheingold 2011

79. https://moz.com/followerwonk
My Twitter community

80. The #SocMedHE15 community NodeXL map

81. Established academic 'sharing' mechanisms

82. LinkedIn
updates
Blog
comments
Blog
posts
Tweets
Slideshare
YouTube
& Vimeo
Complementing the traditional
we are now seeing a growing
use of social channels

83. CREATE
CURATE
COLLABORATE
COMMUNICATE
CONNECT
SHARE
FEEDBACK
The 5C Framework Nerantzi and Beckingham 2014

84. Learning and Teaching in Higher Education - weekly chat
@LTHEchat #LTHEchat http://lthechat.com

85. /
#LTHEchat #HEAchat

86. https://byod4learning.wordpress.com/

87. The Lurker
to be in a hidden place : to wait in a secret or hidden
place especially in order to do something wrong or
harmful
computers : to read messages written by other people on
the Internet in a newsgroup, chat room, etc., without
writing any messages yourself
Vicariousness
experiences or felt by watching, hearing about, or
reading about someone else rather than by doing
something yourself
Is 'listening in' vicarious
lurking???

89. Positive Silent Engagement (PSE)
I would argue that positive silent
engagement (PSE) is not only valuable,
but an essential component of digital
connectedness.
We learn by listening. It is no different
online

90. KNOWLEDGE
Knowledge is embodied in people gathered in communities and networks.
The road to knowledge is via people, conversations, connections and relationships.
Knowledge surfaces through dialog, all knowledge is socially mediated and access to
knowledge is by connecting to people that know or know who to contact.
In the knowledge economy, connections and relationships count more than personal
knowhow and access to content.
The environment changes so fast, the optimum knowledge strategy is instant access to
people & their ideas and continuous awareness & learning in a supportive community.
People and discourse communities provide the 'filter' mechanism for alerting and
awareness.
This helps to keep your focus, provides market intelligence and affords a platform
for negotiating meaning and value.
Denham Grey 2002

91. "The current search for new educational funnels must be
reversed into the search for their institutional inverse:
educational webs which heighten the opportunity for each one
to transform each moment of his living into one of learning,
sharing, and caring."
Ivan Illich 1995

92. But it's having the right
tool for the job at hand...

93. Sue Beckingham | @suebecks
Educational Developer and Senior Lecturer at Sheffield Hallam University
with a research interest in the use of social media in education.
Blog: http://socialmediaforlearning.com/
LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/suebeckingham
Image sources: where uncited all images used are either public domain via Pixabay or
author's own