5. Importance of Species Interactions
These types of interactions have a significant
impact on each population involved
These interactions are agents of natural
selection - they influence who survives and is
able to reproduce
10. Interspecific - usually no fighting, just
better at getting it
Less intense since species have slightly
different niches
11. Competitive Exclusion Principle
No two species can
occupy exactly the same
niche because
competition for resources
would be too intense
One species will be
better at getting the
resources
The other species must
leave, adapt, or die
13. Resource Partitioning
Two species evolve
adaptations that
allow them to use
the same resource
in different ways, at
different times, or in
different places in
order to minimize
competition
14. How about humans?
Are humans subject to the Principle of
Competitive Exclusion? Defend your answer
Yes! Our use of resources directly competes with other
organisms, and forces them to leave the area or go extinct in
that area (adaptation not possible since we change
environment so quickly)
Kicked
out of
class
buddies
15. Predation
All consumers feed on
other organisms
Herbivores feed on live
plants
Carnivores feed on
animals
Omnivores feed on both
21. • The size of the predator population affects
the prey population and vice versa
• Who is controlling the rises and falls of
these 2 populations? The Hare or the Lynx?
22. What is anWhat is an
adaptation oradaptation or
strategy that wouldstrategy that would
be helpful to abe helpful to a
predator?predator?
What is anWhat is an
adaptation oradaptation or
strategy that wouldstrategy that would
be helpful to a preybe helpful to a prey
organism?organism?
Song
buddies
32. Mimicry
• Mostly a prey technique
Optical and sonic illusions
LOOKS like a predator:
• School of fish;
false eyes;
frilled neck and
inflation
33. Batesian mimicry- a harmless animal
mimics a harmful or unpalatable one
Mullerian mimicy-two or more unpalatable
species resemble each other
34. 2 rules about coloration
Small + beautiful = poisonous
Beautiful + easy to catch = deadly
35. Food for thought
Think of a local species
What adaptations does it have
to catch prey or avoid being
eaten?
food buddies
36. Predator Prey relationships
Predator benefits
Prey does not
…or does it?
Predators
strengthen the
population in the
long term by
preying on the
weaker individuals
37. Coevolution
When two species have lived together and
adapted to each other for a long time such that
changes in the gene pool of one species leads
to changes in the gene pool of the other
species
38. Symbiosis
Symbiosis – when different organism
live in close, physical contact with
one another
Parasitism
Mutualism
Commensalism
40. Parasitism
Simple parasites - fleas,
ticks, leeches
Move from host to host
Or have only one host their
whole life
Complex parasites -
plasmodium (malaria),
toxoplasmosis
Multiple hosts
Multiple life stages
41. Parasitism and Coevolution
Example: malaria
Parasite infects red blood cells
RBCs are swept into the spleen every few
days and destroyed
Parasite evolved to latch onto blood vessel
with a sticky protein
Body recognizes protein as foreign and will
attack it
Parasite evolves to have many different types
of proteins, so body can never catch up
The Blue-Ringed Octopus is very small, only the size of a golf ball, but its venom is so powerful that can kill a human. Actually it carries enough poison to kill 26 adult humans within minutes, and there is no antidote. They are currently recognized as one of the world 痴 most venomous animals.Its painless bite may seem harmless, but the deadly neurotoxins begin working immediately resulting in muscular weakness, numbness, followed by a cessation and breathing and ultimately death.They can be found in tide pools in the Pacific Ocean, from Japan to Australia. The puffer fish produce rapid and violent death..Puffer poisoning causes deadening of the tongue and lips, dizziness, vomiting, rapid heart rate, difficulty breathing, and muscle paralysis. Victims die from suffocation as diaphragm muscles are paralyzed. Most of the victims die after four to 24 hours. No known antidote Box Jellyfish. It has caused at least 5,567 recorded deaths since 1954. Their venom is among the most deadly in the world. Its toxins attack the heart, nervous system, and skin cells. And the worst part of it is that jelly box venom is so overpoweringly painful, that human victims go in shock, drown or die of heart failure before even reaching shore. Survivors experience pain weeks after the contact with box jellies.You have virtually no chance to survive the venomous sting, unless treated immediately. After a sting, vinegar should be applied for a minimum of 30 seconds. Vinegar has acetic acid, which disables the box jelly 痴 nematocysts that have not yet discharged into the bloodstream (though it will not alleviate the pain). Wearing panty hose while swimming is also a good prevention measure since it can prevent jellies from being able to harm your legs.Jelly box can be found in the waters around Asia and Australia.
