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• Immediate transfer to theatreImmediate transfer to theatre
• Paint and drape before intubationPaint and drape before intubation
• Central access if feasibleCentral access if feasible
• Early clamp saves livesEarly clamp saves lives
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Mortality
• N=222
• Age 74 years (range 57–96 years)
• Female = 43
• No surgery = 39
• Surgery = 183
– In-hospital mortality = 48.0%
• 14.9% intra-operatively (14.9%),
• 8.3% died within 24 h
• Total mortality 55%
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Index of suspicion soft signs
• History of arterial bleeding
• Proximity of #/wound to
artery
• Diminished pulse (BP)
• Small non-pulsatile
haematoma
• Neurologic deficit