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will all be saved?
Two main forms:
Two main forms:

All religions lead to God
Two main forms:

All religions lead to God

God through Jesus has accomplished
salvation for all
Advantages
Advantages
•No evangelism
Advantages
•No evangelism
•We can do what we want
Advantages
•No evangelism
•We can do what we want
•We can believe what we like
Advantages
•No evangelism
•We can do what we want
•We can believe what we like
•We can ignore the hard teachings of Jesus
Advantages
•No evangelism
•We can do what we want
•We can believe what we like
•We can ignore the hard teachings of Jesus
•We don’t have to take discipleship seriously
Mahatma Ghandi:

“My position is that
all the great religions
are fundamentally
equal.”
Ramakrishna:

“Truth is one;
sages call it
by various
names”.
Pluralism
Inclusivism   Pluralism
Exclusivism   Inclusivism   Pluralism
Exclusivism   Inclusivism    Pluralism

                             All religions
                            lead to God
Exclusivism     Inclusivism    Pluralism

In Christ all                  All religions
 are saved                    lead to God
God


Humanity
God
knowledge




     Humanity
God
knowledgeasceticism




      Humanity
God
                good deeds
knowledgeasceticism




      Humanity
God
                good deeds
knowledgeasceticism
                        morality




      Humanity
God
                good deeds
knowledgeasceticism
                        morality
                                power




      Humanity
God
        good deeds
 asceticism
                morality
                        power




Humanity
God
  good deeds
         morality
                 power




Humanity
God
     morality
             power




Humanity
God
       power




Humanity
God


Humanity
God


Humanity
Inclusivism




Exclusivism     Pluralism
Gavin D’Costa:

"The pluralist is in
fact, no different from
the exclusivist, except
in the criteria
employed for what
counts as truth."
Texts that (appear to) support universalism
Texts that (appear to) support universalism

I Corinthians 15:22. For as in Adam all die, so also in Christ shall all be
made alive.
Texts that (appear to) support universalism

I Corinthians 15:22. For as in Adam all die, so also in Christ shall all be
made alive.

Colossians 1:20.19For in him [Christ] all the fullness of God was pleased to
dwell, 20and through him to reconcile to himself all things, whether on earth
or in heaven, making peace by the blood of his cross.
Texts that (appear to) support universalism

I Corinthians 15:22. For as in Adam all die, so also in Christ shall all be
made alive.

Colossians 1:20.19For in him [Christ] all the fullness of God was pleased to
dwell, 20and through him to reconcile to himself all things, whether on earth
or in heaven, making peace by the blood of his cross.

Romans 5:18: 18Then as one man's trespass led to condemnation for all
men, so one man's act of righteousness leads to acquittal and life for all
men. 19For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, so by
one man's obedience many will be made righteous.
Texts that (appear to) support universalism

I Corinthians 15:22. For as in Adam all die, so also in Christ shall all be
made alive.

Colossians 1:20.19For in him [Christ] all the fullness of God was pleased to
dwell, 20and through him to reconcile to himself all things, whether on earth
or in heaven, making peace by the blood of his cross.

Romans 5:18: 18Then as one man's trespass led to condemnation for all
men, so one man's act of righteousness leads to acquittal and life for all
men. 19For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, so by
one man's obedience many will be made righteous.

Romans 11:32: For God has imprisoned all in disobedience so that he may
be merciful to all.
Some problems with universalism
Some problems with universalism

1. It undermines the need for evangelism
Some problems with universalism

1. It undermines the need for evangelism

2. It undermines the need for discipleship
Some problems with universalism

1. It undermines the need for evangelism

2. It undermines the need for discipleship

3. Undermines the biblical teaching on hell
revelation
Creational
             revelation
Creational
Scriptural   revelation
Creational
 Scriptural
Incarnational
                revelation
“If the gospel is to challenge the public life of
our society, if Christians are to occupy the
“high ground” which they vacated in the noon
time of “modernity,” it will not be by forming a
Christian political party, or by aggressive
propaganda campaigns. Once again it has to
be said that there can be no going back to the
“Constantinian” era. It will only be by
movements that begin with the local
congregation in which the reality of the new
creation is present, known, and experienced,
and from which men and women will go into
every sector of public life to claim it for Christ,
to unmask the illusions which have remained
hidden and to expose all areas of public life to
the illumination of the gospel. But that will only
happen as and when local congregations
renounce an introverted concern for their own
life, and recognize that they exist for the sake
of those who are not members, as sign,
instrument, and foretaste of Godʼs redeeming
grace for the whole life of society.”
“If the gospel is to challenge the public life of
our society, if Christians are to occupy the
“high ground” which they vacated in the noon
time of “modernity,” it will not be by forming a
Christian political party, or by aggressive
propaganda campaigns. Once again it has to
be said that there can be no going back to the
“Constantinian” era. It will only be by
movements that begin with the local
congregation in which the reality of the new
creation is present, known, and experienced,
and from which men and women will go into
every sector of public life to claim it for Christ,
to unmask the illusions which have remained
hidden and to expose all areas of public life to
the illumination of the gospel. But that will only
happen as and when local congregations
renounce an introverted concern for their own
life, and recognize that they exist for the sake
of those who are not members, as sign,
instrument, and foretaste of Godʼs redeeming
grace for the whole life of society.”
“If the gospel is to challenge the public life of
our society, if Christians are to occupy the
“high ground” which they vacated in the noon
time of “modernity,” it will not be by forming a
Christian political party, or by aggressive
propaganda campaigns. Once again it has to
be said that there can be no going back to the
“Constantinian” era. It will only be by
movements that begin with the local
congregation in which the reality of the new
creation is present, known, and experienced,
and from which men and women will go into
every sector of public life to claim it for Christ,
to unmask the illusions which have remained
hidden and to expose all areas of public life to
the illumination of the gospel. But that will only
happen as and when local congregations
renounce an introverted concern for their own
life, and recognize that they exist for the sake
of those who are not members, as sign,
instrument, and foretaste of Godʼs redeeming
grace for the whole life of society.”
“If the gospel is to challenge the public life of
our society, if Christians are to occupy the
“high ground” which they vacated in the noon
time of “modernity,” it will not be by forming a
Christian political party, or by aggressive
propaganda campaigns. Once again it has to
be said that there can be no going back to the
“Constantinian” era. It will only be by
movements that begin with the local
congregation in which the reality of the new
creation is present, known, and experienced,
and from which men and women will go into
every sector of public life to claim it for Christ,
to unmask the illusions which have remained
hidden and to expose all areas of public life to
the illumination of the gospel. But that will
only happen as and when local
congregations renounce an introverted
concern for their own life, and recognize that
they exist for the sake of those who are not
members, as sign, instrument, and foretaste of
Godʼs redeeming grace for the whole life of
society.”
“If the gospel is to challenge the public life of
our society, if Christians are to occupy the
“high ground” which they vacated in the noon
time of “modernity,” it will not be by forming a
Christian political party, or by aggressive
propaganda campaigns. Once again it has to
be said that there can be no going back to the
“Constantinian” era. It will only be by
movements that begin with the local
congregation in which the reality of the new
creation is present, known, and experienced,
and from which men and women will go into
every sector of public life to claim it for Christ,
to unmask the illusions which have remained
hidden and to expose all areas of public life to
the illumination of the gospel. But that will only
happen as and when local congregations
renounce an introverted concern for their own
life, and recognize that they exist for the sake
of those who are not members, as sign,
instrument, and foretaste of Godʼs redeeming
grace for the whole life of society.”

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Universalism

  • 1. will all be saved?
  • 3. Two main forms: All religions lead to God
  • 4. Two main forms: All religions lead to God God through Jesus has accomplished salvation for all
  • 8. Advantages •No evangelism •We can do what we want •We can believe what we like
  • 9. Advantages •No evangelism •We can do what we want •We can believe what we like •We can ignore the hard teachings of Jesus
  • 10. Advantages •No evangelism •We can do what we want •We can believe what we like •We can ignore the hard teachings of Jesus •We don’t have to take discipleship seriously
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. Mahatma Ghandi: “My position is that all the great religions are fundamentally equal.”
  • 15. Ramakrishna: “Truth is one; sages call it by various names”.
  • 16.
  • 18. Inclusivism Pluralism
  • 19. Exclusivism Inclusivism Pluralism
  • 20. Exclusivism Inclusivism Pluralism All religions lead to God
  • 21. Exclusivism Inclusivism Pluralism In Christ all All religions are saved lead to God
  • 23. God knowledge Humanity
  • 25. God good deeds knowledgeasceticism Humanity
  • 26. God good deeds knowledgeasceticism morality Humanity
  • 27. God good deeds knowledgeasceticism morality power Humanity
  • 28. God good deeds asceticism morality power Humanity
  • 29. God good deeds morality power Humanity
  • 30. God morality power Humanity
  • 31. God power Humanity
  • 35. Gavin D’Costa: "The pluralist is in fact, no different from the exclusivist, except in the criteria employed for what counts as truth."
  • 36. Texts that (appear to) support universalism
  • 37. Texts that (appear to) support universalism I Corinthians 15:22. For as in Adam all die, so also in Christ shall all be made alive.
  • 38. Texts that (appear to) support universalism I Corinthians 15:22. For as in Adam all die, so also in Christ shall all be made alive. Colossians 1:20.19For in him [Christ] all the fullness of God was pleased to dwell, 20and through him to reconcile to himself all things, whether on earth or in heaven, making peace by the blood of his cross.
  • 39. Texts that (appear to) support universalism I Corinthians 15:22. For as in Adam all die, so also in Christ shall all be made alive. Colossians 1:20.19For in him [Christ] all the fullness of God was pleased to dwell, 20and through him to reconcile to himself all things, whether on earth or in heaven, making peace by the blood of his cross. Romans 5:18: 18Then as one man's trespass led to condemnation for all men, so one man's act of righteousness leads to acquittal and life for all men. 19For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, so by one man's obedience many will be made righteous.
  • 40. Texts that (appear to) support universalism I Corinthians 15:22. For as in Adam all die, so also in Christ shall all be made alive. Colossians 1:20.19For in him [Christ] all the fullness of God was pleased to dwell, 20and through him to reconcile to himself all things, whether on earth or in heaven, making peace by the blood of his cross. Romans 5:18: 18Then as one man's trespass led to condemnation for all men, so one man's act of righteousness leads to acquittal and life for all men. 19For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, so by one man's obedience many will be made righteous. Romans 11:32: For God has imprisoned all in disobedience so that he may be merciful to all.
  • 41. Some problems with universalism
  • 42. Some problems with universalism 1. It undermines the need for evangelism
  • 43. Some problems with universalism 1. It undermines the need for evangelism 2. It undermines the need for discipleship
  • 44. Some problems with universalism 1. It undermines the need for evangelism 2. It undermines the need for discipleship 3. Undermines the biblical teaching on hell
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 49. Creational revelation
  • 50. Creational Scriptural revelation
  • 52.
  • 53. “If the gospel is to challenge the public life of our society, if Christians are to occupy the “high ground” which they vacated in the noon time of “modernity,” it will not be by forming a Christian political party, or by aggressive propaganda campaigns. Once again it has to be said that there can be no going back to the “Constantinian” era. It will only be by movements that begin with the local congregation in which the reality of the new creation is present, known, and experienced, and from which men and women will go into every sector of public life to claim it for Christ, to unmask the illusions which have remained hidden and to expose all areas of public life to the illumination of the gospel. But that will only happen as and when local congregations renounce an introverted concern for their own life, and recognize that they exist for the sake of those who are not members, as sign, instrument, and foretaste of Godʼs redeeming grace for the whole life of society.”
  • 54. “If the gospel is to challenge the public life of our society, if Christians are to occupy the “high ground” which they vacated in the noon time of “modernity,” it will not be by forming a Christian political party, or by aggressive propaganda campaigns. Once again it has to be said that there can be no going back to the “Constantinian” era. It will only be by movements that begin with the local congregation in which the reality of the new creation is present, known, and experienced, and from which men and women will go into every sector of public life to claim it for Christ, to unmask the illusions which have remained hidden and to expose all areas of public life to the illumination of the gospel. But that will only happen as and when local congregations renounce an introverted concern for their own life, and recognize that they exist for the sake of those who are not members, as sign, instrument, and foretaste of Godʼs redeeming grace for the whole life of society.”
  • 55. “If the gospel is to challenge the public life of our society, if Christians are to occupy the “high ground” which they vacated in the noon time of “modernity,” it will not be by forming a Christian political party, or by aggressive propaganda campaigns. Once again it has to be said that there can be no going back to the “Constantinian” era. It will only be by movements that begin with the local congregation in which the reality of the new creation is present, known, and experienced, and from which men and women will go into every sector of public life to claim it for Christ, to unmask the illusions which have remained hidden and to expose all areas of public life to the illumination of the gospel. But that will only happen as and when local congregations renounce an introverted concern for their own life, and recognize that they exist for the sake of those who are not members, as sign, instrument, and foretaste of Godʼs redeeming grace for the whole life of society.”
  • 56. “If the gospel is to challenge the public life of our society, if Christians are to occupy the “high ground” which they vacated in the noon time of “modernity,” it will not be by forming a Christian political party, or by aggressive propaganda campaigns. Once again it has to be said that there can be no going back to the “Constantinian” era. It will only be by movements that begin with the local congregation in which the reality of the new creation is present, known, and experienced, and from which men and women will go into every sector of public life to claim it for Christ, to unmask the illusions which have remained hidden and to expose all areas of public life to the illumination of the gospel. But that will only happen as and when local congregations renounce an introverted concern for their own life, and recognize that they exist for the sake of those who are not members, as sign, instrument, and foretaste of Godʼs redeeming grace for the whole life of society.”
  • 57. “If the gospel is to challenge the public life of our society, if Christians are to occupy the “high ground” which they vacated in the noon time of “modernity,” it will not be by forming a Christian political party, or by aggressive propaganda campaigns. Once again it has to be said that there can be no going back to the “Constantinian” era. It will only be by movements that begin with the local congregation in which the reality of the new creation is present, known, and experienced, and from which men and women will go into every sector of public life to claim it for Christ, to unmask the illusions which have remained hidden and to expose all areas of public life to the illumination of the gospel. But that will only happen as and when local congregations renounce an introverted concern for their own life, and recognize that they exist for the sake of those who are not members, as sign, instrument, and foretaste of Godʼs redeeming grace for the whole life of society.”